4.3 and 4.4 biology quiz study guide

During glycolysis, _____ molecules of ATP are used, and _____ molecules of ATP are made.

2; 2

What is the maximum number of ATP molecules that can be produced during the electron transport stage of aerobic respiration?

34 molecules of ATP can be produced from the electron transport stage

One molecule of glucose holds enough energy to produce up to ________ ATP.

38

What are the products of the Krebs cycle?

4 ATP molecules, 10 NADH molecules, and 2 FADH2 are the products of the Krebs cycle.

Fermentation is the process of making ATP in ______________ of oxygen.

absence

Oxygen is the _____________ ______________ ____________________ during aerobic respiration.

final electron acceptor

Some plants and ____________ and many bacteria do not need oxygen.

fungi

During lactic acid fermentation, NAD+ cycles back to allow _________________ to continue.

glycolysis

Fermentation involves __________________, but not the other two stages of cellular respiration.

glycolysis

Anaerobic respiration is a very ____________ process.

quick

The Krebs cycle produces _______ ATP.

2

During the Krebs cycle, energy is captured in molecules of __________, ______________ , and 2 FADH2.

2 ATP; 8 NADH

A way of making __________ without oxygen is called fermentation.

ATP

Most organisms use oxygen to make ______ from glucose.

ATP

______ ________________ is the enzyme that produces ATP during the final stage of cellular respiration.

ATP synthase

_________________ is the molecule that enters the Krebs cycle.

Acetyl-CoA

Define aerobic and anaerobic respiration.

Aerobic respiration is cellular respiration that proceeds in the presence of oxygen. But anaerobic respiration is cellular respiration that proceeds without oxygen

In ________________ fermentation, pyruvic acid changes to alcohol and carbon dioxide.

Alcoholic

_________________ fermentation explains why bread dough rises.

Alcoholic

What process produces fuel for motor vehicles from living plant products? What is the waste product of this process?

Alcoholic fermentation is the process that produces fuel for cars from living plant products. The waste product of this is carbon dioxide gas

What is fermentation?

An important way of making ATP without oxygen

Cellular respiration in the absence of oxygen is called _______________ respiration.

Anaerobic

________________ respiration lets organisms live in places where there is little or no oxygen.

Anaerobic

The small holes in bread are formed by bubbles of _____________ _______________ gas, which is produced by alcoholic fermentation in yeast.

Carbon Dioxide

_______________ ________________ releases the energy in glucose to make ATP.

Cellular Respiration

Mitochondria possess their own ____________ and _________________.

DNA and ribosomes

Describe what happens during glycolysis. How many ATP molecules are gained during this stage?

During glycolysis 2 ATP molecules split the glucose up. During this process, 2 ATP molecules are gained

Most of the ATP is produced in stage _______________ _____________ of cellular respiration.

Electron transport

List the stages of aerobic respiration in the order in which they occur.

Glycolysis, Krebs Cycle, and the Electron Transport Stage

The reactions of cellular respiration can be grouped into three stages: ________________, the _________ ____________, and electron transport.

Glycolysis; Krebs cycle

Why do your muscles get sore after intense activity?

Having unconditioned muscles not getting the oxygen they need

Assume that a new species of an organism has been discovered. Scientists have observed its cells under a microscope and determined that they lack mitochondria. What type of cellular respiration would you predict that the new species uses? Explain your prediction.

I would assume that it used anaerobic respiration because this process can proceed without oxygen. So therefore it would just have one step in its cellular respiration which would be glycolysis. Since glycolysis takes place in the cytoplasm and not the mitochondria this process would work

Explain why bread dough rises when it is set aside in a warm place.

In alcoholic fermentation produce carbon dioxide gas. The gas in the bread dough makes bubbles which makes the bread expand

The last two stages of cellular respiration occur in the ___________ __________________.

Inner membrane

Describe ATP synthase and its role.

It acts as a channel protein to help hydrogen ions move across the membrane. It makes molecules of ATP

Both lactic acid fermentation and alcoholic fermentation begin with the same molecule. What is that molecule and where did it come from?

It came from glycolysis and it is the 2 Pyruvic Acid molecules

What is the role of the electron transport chain in cellular respiration?

It is the third step of cellular respiration. It helps make water and ATP

What role do mitochondria play in cellular respiration?

It is where cellular respiration takes place. In the first stage, glycolysis takes place in the cytoplasm. But the last two stages take place in the inner membrane

In photosynthesis, electron transport comes at the beginning of the process. Where does electron transport occur during cellular respiration?

It takes place in the inner membrane

The ____________ ______________ comes after glycolysis, during cellular respiration.

Krebs cycle

In _____________ __________ fermentation, pyruvic acid from glycolysis changes to lactic acid.

Lactic Acid

Compare and contrast lactic acid fermentation and alcoholic fermentation. Include examples of organisms that use each type of fermentation.

Lactic acid fermentation is used in the bacteria of yogurt. But, Alcoholic fermentation is used for gases in yeast and biofuels. They both, however, use similar elements when going through each fermentation. They are both anaerobic and undergo glycolysis. The end products are different

Fermentation recycles _____________.

NADH

Two ____________ are made during glycolysis.

NADH

________________ is the final electron acceptor at the end of the electron transport chain, when water is formed.

Oxygen

What is the role of oxygen in cellular respiration?

Oxygen is used to make water in cellular respiration and the final electron acceptor

Tanya is on the high school track team and runs the 100-meter sprint. Marissa is on the cross-country team and runs 5-kilometer races. Explain which type of respiration the muscle cells in each runner's legs use.

The 100-meter sprint runner is using anaerobic respiration because it creates energy faster and more short term. The 5-kilometer race runner is going to be using aerobic respiration because it producers slower ATP but more long-term energy

What is the main advantage of aerobic respiration? Of anaerobic respiration?

The main advantage of aerobic respiration is the amount of energy the respiration releases. It has more energy slower. However, the major advantage of anaerobic respiration is it makes it possible for organisms to live in places with some or no oxygen. It makes energy fast but smaller

Explain why two turns of the Krebs cycle are needed for each molecule of glucose.

The two turns of the Krebs cycle needed because the glycolysis produces two pyruvic acid molecules during the split of glucose

When you exhale onto a cold window pane, water vapor in your breath condenses on the glass. Where does the water vapor come from?

The water comes from the spent electrons and oxygen molecules from an electron transport chain

Summarize how up to 38 molecules of ATP are produced for each glucose molecule.

Two molecules of ATP are produced in Glycolysis. Then, two more are produced in the Krebs cycle. Lastly, in the electron transport they have 34 molecules of ATP

Name two types of fermentation.

Two types of fermentation are lactic acid fermentation and alcoholic fermentation

_______________ in bread dough use alcoholic fermentation and produce carbon dioxide gas.

Yeasts

Cellular respiration that proceeds in the presence of oxygen is called _______________ ___________________.

aerobic respiration

________________ respiration produces much more ATP than ____________________ respiration.

aerobic; anaerobic

_________ living things use glucose to make ATP.

all

Whereas plants perform photosynthesis, plants and animals perform _______________ ________________.

cellular respiration

The first reaction of the Krebs cycle produces __________ _________.

citric acid

Cellular respiration ends with with an _____________ _______________ ____________.

electron transport chain

Why is bread light and fluffy?

he carbon dioxide gas from the alcoholic fermentation causes the bread to bubble and leave small holes. Those small holes make the bread light and fluffy

Some ____________ and _______________ can use both aerobic and anaerobic respiration.

humans and mammals

__________ _______ fermentation explains why your muscles are sore after intense exercise.

lactic acid

Cellular respiration occurs in the ____________________.

mitochondria

ATP synthase pumps, by ______________ ________________, hydrogen ions back into the mitochondria matrix.

passive transport

Some organisms may not be able to survive in the ___________________ of oxygen.

presence

During glycolysis, enzymes split a molecule of glucose into two molecules of ________________.

pyruvate

Without oxygen, organisms can just split glucose into _________ molecules of pyruvate.

two