43 Reproduction Physiology

what hormones are produced by the follicles and the corpus luteum

Follicles: estrogen corpus luteum: secretes estrogen but mostly progesterone

what two factors allows gametes to be different from another causing great genetic variability?

1) crossing over 2) random alignment during meiosis I

diploid

2 sets of chromosomes

How many chromosomes do gametes contain?

23 chromosomes

what is the end product of meiosis?

4 haploid daughter cells

zygote

fertilized egg

Within each ovary, the immature ovum develops in a saclike structure called a __________.

follicle

Define gametogenesis

formation of gametes

Haploid

having a single set of unpaired chromosomes

what two hormones are responsible for stimulating sperm production

luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) 1) FSH enters testis & stimulates Sertoli cells to provide nourishment to sperm cells 2) LH stimulates Leydig cells to produce testosterone

what is the function of interstitial endocrine cells (Leydig cells) ?

make testosterone

Define synapsis

the fusion of chromosome pairs at the start of meiosis.

what is the activating and genetic region of the sperm?

the head

Define: meiosis

a type of cell division that results in four daughter cells each with half the number of chromosomes of the parent cell, as in the production of gametes and plant spores.

what part of the sperm contains enzymes involved in the penetration of the egg?

acrosome

in which location would you expect to see cells containing tetrads, closer to the spermatogonia or closer to the lumen?

closer to the spermatogonia

what extend inward from the periphery of the seminiferous tubule and provide nourishment of the spermatids as they begin their transformation into sperm?

sustentocyte or Sertoli cell

Would these cells be primary or secondary spermatocytes

Primary (2n) spermatocytes

what occurs in meiosis I in spermatogenesis?

Primary spermatocyte (2n) gives way to 2 secondary spermatocytes (n)

What are the differences between mitosis & meiosis

MITOSIS: growth repair development; diploid = diploid; samatic; divides into 2 daughter cells; clones of parents & each other; 2 divisions MEIOSIS: sexual reproduction diploid = haploid gametes 4 daughter cells all unique 1 division

Define oogenesis

production of female gametes

Define spermatogenesis

production of sperm