58 - Pelvic Diaphragm Vessels & Nerves

Where do parasympathetics come from—how do they travel? Where do they synapse?

come from S2-S4. -travel to the organs by means of branches around the pelvic organs, and synapse in small ganglia on the organs

What gives off the main arterial supply of the pelvis?

internal iliac artery

• Giving birth o What controls this process?

mainly endocrine control of smooth muscles causing uterine contractions -help by voluntary muscles and some (parasympathetic?)

What is the doorway b/w these two areas called?

pelvic inlet

What provides the somatic innervation of the pelvis?

roots from L4-S3.

Where do sympathetics to the pelvis come from and where to they synapse?

-come from L1-L3, -synapse in the prevertebral ganglia, and the postganglionics pass to the organs through direct branches from the sympathetic trunk

What is the area above the pelvic brim called? The area below?

-greater pelvis -lesser pelvis

• Defecation o What is the parasympathetic? o What somatic muscles control this?

-internal anal sphincter relaxes. smooth muscle in rectum contracts -voluntary check by external anal sphincter (pudendal N) and levator ani (s3-s4)

What is the pelvic diaphragm? What are its three components?

-pelvic diaphragm is a sheet of muscle roughly in the shape of a funnel, but with an oval slit for opening, not a circle. It is the main supporting structure of the bladder, uterus, and rectum 1. pubococcygeus 2. iliococcygeus 3. coccygeus

• Urination o What is the parasympathetic? o What is the sympathetic? o What somatic muscles control this?

-smooth muscle contraction in bladder wall (detruser) -... -voluntary check by sphincter urethrae (pudendal N) and levator ani (S3-4)

• Emission o What is the sympathetic?

-smooth muscle contractions in walls of these 4 organs

• Ejaculation o What is the parasympathetic? o What somatic muscles control this?

-smooth muscle in urethral wall -bulbosphongiosus and ischiocavernosus assist (pudendal N)

• Erection o What is the parasympathetic? o What is the sympathetic?

-smooth muscle in walls of arteries relaxes and closes off veins from erectile bodies -contstriction of arteris causes subsidence of erection

Discuss a uterine prolapse.

-the interior dislocation of the uterus -common in women after multiple child births; likely after stretching of pelvic diaphragm and uterine ligaments during childbirth. the sliding uterus often also pulls the bladder down, deforming it called CYSTOCELE

Discuss the significance of the pelvic brim in childbirth?

-the shape of the pelvic inlet and outlet are important because they can affect the babies head shape coming out ya know? the head will be all lop-sided n sh*t

• List the origins and insertions.

1. pubis --> sling like insertion of left and right side onto each other (puborectalis) anococcygeal raphe and coccyx (rest of pubococc.) 2. fascia over obturator internus --> anococcygeal raphe and coccyx 3. spine of ischium and sacrospinous ligament --> inferior sacrum and coccyx

• List their functions.

1. pull anal canal up and anterior, sphincter 2 and 3. does not move a joint, important support function for pelvic organs closes urethra

Understand the innervation for:

:-P