5th Grade Math Vocabulary
mixed number
A value that combines a whole number and a fractional amount
mode
In a group of values, the value that occurs most often.
horizontal
left to right; parallel to the horizon
ratio
A comparison of the two values of two numbers
prime number
A number with exactly two factors: the number itself and one.
rhombus
A parallelogram whose four sides and opposite angles are congruent.
rectangle
A parallelogram with four right angles
area
The amount of space inside a 2-dimensional figure
quotient
The answer to a division problem
product
The answer to a multiplication problem. The result of multiplying two or more factors.
difference
The answer to a subtraction problem.
denominator
The bottom number of a fraction; the total number of equal parts
range
The difference between the least and greatest values in a set of numbers.
circumference
The distance around a circle (the perimeter of a circle).
perimeter
The distance around a figure.
face
The flat surface of a polyhedron
least common multiple (LCM)
The smallest multiple that two or more numbers have in common
minimum
The smallest number in a set of data
mean
The sum of a group of numbers divided by the number of numbers. Also known as the average.
numerator
The top number of a fraction; how many parts of a whole or group are included in the fraction.
polygon
Three or more line segments in a plane that forms a closed figure. The line segments never cross but meet at their endpoints.
vertex (vertices - plural)
A Corner; point at which two line segments, lines, or rays meet to form an angle; point where three or more faces intersect
improper fraction
A fraction with a numerator that is larger than or equal to its denominator.
lowest terms
A fraction with all common factors (other than 1) factored out of the numerator and denominator
radius
A length that is half the diameter of a circle; the distance from the center to the outside of the circle
diameter
A line segment that passes through the center of a circle and has its endpoints on the circle. It describes how wide the circle is.
common factor
A number that is a factor of two or more numbers.
common denominator
A number that is a multiple of all denominators in a problem.
factor
A number that is multiplied by another number to find a product
quadrilateral
A polygon that has four sides.
hexagon
A polygon with six sides.
composite number
A positive whole number with more than two factors. In other words, a number that is not prime.
parallelogram
A quadrilateral with two pairs of congruent, parallel sides.
array
A rectangular arrangement of objects in rows and columns.
prism
A solid figure that has two congruent, parallel polygons as its bases. Its sides are parallelograms
translation
A transformation that moves all of the points of a figure the same distance in the same direction; a slide
reflection
A transformation that produces a mirror image of a figure; a flip
rotation
A transformation that turns a figure around a fixed point; a spin
equilateral triangle
A triangle with equal sides and equal angles.
right triangle
A triangle with one right angle
scalene triangle
A triangle with sides of different lengths and no two angles are the same.
square unit
A unit for measuring area
median
A value found by ordering a group of data from least to greatest and choosing the middle value of the group.
even number
A whole number ending with 0, 2, 4, 6, or 8 in the ones place.
odd number
A whole number ending with 1, 3, 5, 7, or 9 in the ones place.
integers
All whole numbers (both positive and negative) and zero.
acute angle
An angle measuing more than 0 degrees and less than 90 degrees
right angle
An angle that measures 90 degrees
obtuse angle
An angle with a measurement greater than 90 degrees but less than 180 degrees
octagon
An eight-sided polygon
prime factorization
Breaking down a composite number until all of the factors are prime
concentric circles
Circles that have the same center but radii of different lengths
estimate
Find an approximate answer for a problem. Round the numbers before working the problem.
equivalent
Having equal value
congruent
Having the same size and shape
parallel lines
Lines that do not intersect. //
perpendicular lines
Lines that meet or cross at right angles
addends
Numbers added together to find a sum.
area
Surface space that is measured in square units.
sum
The answer to an addition problem.
angle
The figure formed when two lines meet at a common endpoint called a vertex.
maximum
The largest number in a set of data
greatest common factor (GCF)
The largest single factor for two or more numbers.
probability
The likelihood that an event will occur.
capacity
The measure of the amount of a substance that a container will hold
divisor
The number by which a number is divided
dividend
The number to be divided in a division problem
percent
The ratio of a number to 100 (per one hundred). %
simplify
To make a fraction easier to work with by taking out common factors. To write in lowest terms.
vertical
straight up and down; perpendicular to the horizon
