7.1 Quiz

Which of the following best explains the changes depicted in Map 2 ? A The rise of the Safavid Persian Empire B European imperialism and increasing ethnic nationalism C Sunni versus Shia rivalries within the Islamic world D The decline of Silk Road trade routes

B European imperialism and increasing ethnic nationalism

All of the following resulted from the French and Russian Revolutions EXCEPT A a loss of power for the established church B a socialist economic system C the execution of the monarch and family D the rise of a strong autocratic leader

B a socialist economic system

Which of the following is an accurate comparison of the Chinese and the Mexican revolutions during the twentieth century? A Both promoted imperialism. B Both were supported by Japan. C Both promoted religious education. D Both were supported by an elite group of landlords. E Both generated land-redistribution policies.

E Both generated land-redistribution policies.

Which of the following is an accurate description of relations between European states and the Ottoman Empire in the period 1815 to 1914 ? A The Ottomans were expanding at the expense of Russia, England, and France. B Russian, English, and French expansion came at the expense of the Ottomans. C The Ottomans, in alliance with the Russians, English, and French, sought to impede German unification. D The Ottomans supported nationalism in the Balkans to destabilize Europe.

B Russian, English, and French expansion came at the expense of the Ottomans.

Which of the following statements best represents a nationalistic interpretation of the collapse of the Ottoman and Russian empires during and immediately after the First World War? A Military weakness and political instability were the primary reasons for the collapse of these empires. B The growing demands of various ethnic groups within these multiethnic empires were the primary reasons for the collapse. C The slow pace of industrialization in these empires left them unable to compete militarily and politically with more developed countries. D Religious differences between the Russian Empire and the Ottoman Empire led to their final collapse.

B The growing demands of various ethnic groups within these multiethnic empires were the primary reasons for the collapse.

Which of the following factors contributed most significantly to the contraction of the Ottoman Empire in the nineteenth century? A Adoption of gunpowder weaponry B The Opium Wars C The Berlin Conference of 1884 and 1885 D Independence movements inspired by ethnic nationalism

D Independence movements inspired by ethnic nationalism

Which of the following was a major similarity between the goals of leaders of the Chinese Communist Revolution, such as Mao Zedong, and the goals of leaders of the Mexican Revolution, such as Emiliano Zapata, in the early twentieth century? A Advocacy of a global workers' revolution B Active encouragement for integration into the global economy C Concern primarily with improving conditions for urban factory workers D Support for redistribution of land to poor peasants

D Support for redistribution of land to poor peasants

"Are we prepared for so stubborn a fight as a future war involving the great powers of Europe will undoubtedly become? The answer, we must say without evasion, is no. In addition to the military considerations, there is also the political angle. It should not be forgotten that Russia and Germany are representatives of the conservative principle in the civilized world, as opposed to the democratic principle represented by England and France. From this point of view, a war between Russia and Germany, regardless of the specific issues over which it is fought, is profoundly undesirable to both sides. Such a conflict, however it ends, would entail the weakening of the conservative principle of which the two powers are the only reliable bulwarks. Moreover, one must realize that, under the precarious conditions that now exist, a general European war is mortally dangerous to both Russia and Germany, no matter who wins. It is my firm conviction, based on long and careful study of the multitude of subversive tendencies and movements that we are presently facing, that there must inevitably break out in the defeated country a social revolution that, by the very nature of these things, will inevitably spread to the country of the victor. In our country today, there are countless agitators telling the peasant that he should demand a gratuitous share of somebody else's land, or the worker that he should be getting hold of the entire capital and profits of the manufacturer. War with Germany will create exceptionally favorable conditions for such agitations." Pyotr Durnovo, Russian Minister of the Interior, memorandum to Tsar Nicholas II, February 1914 Which development during the first decade of the twentieth century can best be explained in the context of the "weakening of the conservative principle" mentioned in the first paragraph of the passage? A The collapse of the Austro-Hungarian Empire, as socialists in the Balkans led revolutions that greatly weakened the Habsburg monarchy B The Mexican Revolution, as middle classes and peasants united to oust longtime dictator Porfirio Díaz and establish a more equitable society C The Boer War, in which Dutch-speaking white settlers inflicted several military defeats on British colonial armies in southern Africa D The formation of the Triple Entente alliance, in which Great Britain, France, and Russia pledged to work together to check the rise of Germany

B The Mexican Revolution, as middle classes and peasants united to oust longtime dictator Porfirio Díaz and establish a more equitable society

"The immense majority of Mexico's villages and citizens own only the ground on which they stand. They suffer the horrors of poverty without being able to better their social status . . . or without being able to dedicate themselves to industry or agriculture due to the fact that the lands, woods, and water are monopolized by the few." Emiliano Zapata,, Plan of Ayala, 1911 The opinion expressed in the passage above is most consistent with which of the following? A Privatizing Mexico's water and mineral resources B Guaranteeing workers' rights to organize and go on strike C Redistributing one-third of the land controlled by large landholders to landless peasants D Abrogating all contracts giving foreign nationals ownership of Mexican land

C Redistributing one-third of the land controlled by large landholders to landless peasants

Which of the following contributed significantly to the decline of both the Qing and the Ottoman Empires? A Widespread revolts by factory workers and labor unions B Collapse of domestic stock and bond markets C Attempts by the Soviet Union to spread world communism D Internal conflict with ethnic and religious minorities

D Internal conflict with ethnic and religious minorities

"Are we prepared for so stubborn a fight as a future war involving the great powers of Europe will undoubtedly become? The answer, we must say without evasion, is no. In addition to the military considerations, there is also the political angle. It should not be forgotten that Russia and Germany are representatives of the conservative principle in the civilized world, as opposed to the democratic principle represented by England and France. From this point of view, a war between Russia and Germany, regardless of the specific issues over which it is fought, is profoundly undesirable to both sides. Such a conflict, however it ends, would entail the weakening of the conservative principle of which the two powers are the only reliable bulwarks. Moreover, one must realize that, under the precarious conditions that now exist, a general European war is mortally dangerous to both Russia and Germany, no matter who wins. It is my firm conviction, based on long and careful study of the multitude of subversive tendencies and movements that we are presently facing, that there must inevitably break out in the defeated country a social revolution that, by the very nature of these things, will inevitably spread to the country of the victor. In our country today, there are countless agitators telling the peasant that he should demand a gratuitous share of somebody else's land, or the worker that he should be getting hold of the entire capital and profits of the manufacturer. War with Germany will create exceptionally favorable conditions for such agitations." Pyotr Durnovo, Russian Minister of the Interior, memorandum to Tsar Nicholas II, February 1914 Durnovo's argument in the second paragraph regarding the effect of war between Germany and Russia on the two countries would prove to be A inaccurate in its prediction that war between Germany and Russia would lead to "social revolution" B accurate in its prediction that both Germany and Russia would succumb to revolution regardless of which side won the war C inaccurate in its prediction that revolution would break out first in the defeated country D accurate in its prediction that a war with Germany would create the circumstances for a revolution in Russia

D accurate in its prediction that a war with Germany would create the circumstances for a revolution in Russia