8.1 Skin Physiology

"Spiny" irregularly shaped cells are located in the

"Spiny" irregularly shaped cells are located in the stratum spinosum.

A fibrous protein that helps prevent the skin from sagging is called:

A fibrous protein that helps prevent the skin from sagging is called elastin.

A primary component of skin cells is a protein substance called:

A primary component of skin cells is a protein substance called keratin.

What is NOT true of the stratum lucidum layer?

All of the following statements are true of the stratum lucidum layer: it is transparent, whorl pattern provides traction and it is thickest on the palms of the hands and soles of the feet.

An opening in the skin that contains the root of a hair within it is called a:

An opening that contains the root of a hair within it is called a hair follicle.

A male hormone that is present in both men and women and influences the amount of sebum produced is called:

Androgen is a male hormone that is present in both men and women and influences the production of sebum.

A strong protein substance that, when broken down, forms bundles that strengthen and give structure to the skin is:

Collagen is a strong protein substance that, when broken down, forms bundles that strengthen and give structure to the skin.

Collagen makes up approximately what percentage of the dermis?

Collagen makes up approximately 70% of the dermis.

Which medical term pertains to the study of skin, its structures, functions, diseases and treatments?

Dermatology pertains to the study of skin, its structures, functions, diseases and treatments.

Keratinocytes on the surface of the skin remain tightly interconnected by intercellular connections called

Desmosomes are intercellular connections that allow keratinocytes on the surface of the skin to remain tightly interconnected.

What are eccrine glands primarily responsible for?

Eccrine glands are primarily responsible for thermoregulation.

Of the following skin cell types, which is found in the epidermis and has the function of covering and protecting?

Epithelial skin cells are found in the epidermis and have the function of covering and protecting.

Foreign substances in the body that provoke an immune response are called

Foreign substances in the body that provoke an immune response are called antigens.

Which of the following types of cells connect the dermis to the epidermis

Hemidesmosomes cells connect the dermis to the epidermis.

Which of the following provides the body with its first line of defense against infection by identifying foreign substances in the skin?

Immune cells provide the body with its first line of defense against infection by identifying foreign substances in the skin.

Which of the following sensory cells report pressure and pain?

Krause's End Bulbs report pressure and pain.

Which types of cells help protect the body from infection and are found in the stratum spinosum layer

Langerhans cells help protect the body from infection and are found in the stratum spinosum layer.

Which of the following cell types carry lymph?

Lymphocytes carry lymph.

Where are mast cells located?

Mast cells are located in the dermis layer of the skin.

Which receptor is responsible for reporting light pressure and cold?

Meissner's Corpuscles are light pressure and cold receptors.

What gives skin its color?

Melanocytes give skin its color.

Where are Merkel Cells located?

Merkel Cells are located in the stratum germinativum.

Which type of cells are touch receptors, or sensory cells that are only found in the thick skin of the stratum germinativum?

Merkel cells are touch receptors, or sensory cells that are only found in the thick skin of the stratum germinativum. 2)

Microphage cells perform which of the following functions?

Microphage cells fight infections.

Which of the following receptors report deep pressure and pain?

Pacinian Corpuscles report deep pressure and pain.

Tiny openings that allow sweat or sebum to pass through the surface of the skin are called:

Pores are tiny openings that allow sweat or sebum to pass through the surface of the skin.

What functions do Ruffini's Corpuscles perform?

Ruffini's Corpuscles report long-term pressure and heat.

Sebaceous glands continually produce and secrete:

Sebaceous glands continually produce and secrete sebum.

Sebaceous glands originate in which of the following areas?

Sebaceous glands originate in the dermis.

What is the microscopic study of the skin's tissue called?

Skin histology is the microscopic study of the skin's tissue.

What is the largest organ of the body?

Skin is the largest organ of the body.

Which cells protect the layers of the skin found below the stratum corneum?

Squamous cells protect the layers of the skin found below the stratum corneum.

What is the transparent layer of the epidermis that is thickest on the palms of the hands and soles of the feet?

Stratum lucidum is the transparent layer of the epidermis that is thickest on the palms of the hands and soles of the feet.

What do sudoriferous glands produce?

Sudoriferous glands produce sweat.

Water mixed with salt and other chemicals that have built up in the body is called:

Sweat is water mixed with salt and other chemicals that have built up in the body.

Which of the following organisms represents immune cells that recognize antigens and assist in destroying them?

T-cells represent immune cells that recognize antigens and assist in destroying them.

Which of the following terms is a layer of oil and moisture created when sebum mixes with the secretions of sweat glands

The acid mantle is a layer of oil and moisture created when sebum mixes with the secretions of sweat glands.

The basal cells of the stratum germinativum continually divide through the process called:

The basal cells of the stratum germinativum continually divide through the process called mitosis.

The dermis is divided into two layers known as the papillary dermis and the:

The dermis is divided into two layers known as the papillary dermis and the reticular dermis.

Which of the following skin terms identifies the second layer or true skin?

The dermis is the skin term that identifies the second layer or true skin.

The epidermis is primarily composed of:

The epidermis is composed primarily of keratinocytes.

What is the outermost layer of the skin called?

The epidermis is the outermost layer of the skin.

The integumentary system is made up of which of the following components?

The integumentary system is made up of skin and its layers.

What function of the integumentary system gives the body the ability to maintain an internal body temperature?

The regulation function of the integumentary system gives the body the ability to maintain an internal body temperature.

A complex mixture of fatty acids that keeps the skin soft, supple and pliable is called:

The skin secretes sebum, a complex mixture of fatty substances that keeps the skin soft, supple and pliable.

What layer of the epidermis is the toughest and acts as a barrier to moisture loss?

The stratum corneum is the layer of the epidermis that is the toughest and acts as a barrier to moisture loss

Which of the following is the toughest layer of the epidermis?

The stratum corneum is the toughest layer of the epidermis.

Which layer of the epidermis is also called the basal layer?

The stratum germinativum layer of the epidermis is also called the basal layer.

The layer of skin in which the cells are more regularly shaped and resemble many tiny granules is the:

The stratum granulosum is the layer of the skin in which the cells are more regularly shaped and resemble many tiny granules

Which of the following epidermal layers have intercellular connections that provide strength and support between cells?

The stratum spinosum is the epidermal layer that has intercellular connections that provide strength and support between cells.

The study of the skin's functions is referred to as:

The study of the skin's functions is referred to as skin physiology.

The subcutaneous layer is composed primarily of:

The subcutaneous layer is composed primarily of adipose tissue

Which layer of skin is primarily composed of fatty (adipose) tissue and acts as a shock absorber and insulator to protect the bones?

The subcutaneous layer is primarily composed of fatty (adipose) tissue and acts as a shock absorber and insulator to protect the bones.

The subcutaneous layer of the skin is composed primarily of which type of tissue?

The subcutaneous layer of the skin is composed primarily of adipose tissue.

Which layer of the skin is located below the dermis and composed primarily of adipose (fatty) tissue?

The subcutaneous layer of the skin is located below the dermis and composed primarily of adipose (fatty) tissue.