8.4-8.8

The year of revolt and why it that its nickname

1968. A lot of revolting happened that year like in improvements where students marched against authoritarian government, in improvements and northern improvements where people protested over religious issues, and Brazil where marchers demanded improvements in public education and fairer treatment of workers.

Islam

Africa/Middle East: several small groups used a fundamentalist interpretation of Islam used by mainstream Muslims to justify terrorism. Ex. Boko Haram, Taliban, and al Qaeda

One example of a colony that achieved independence through armed struggle after 1900

Algeria, Vietnam

Soviet leaders were afraid of the Prague Spring (Czech reform movement)'s independence. In 1968, the Soviet Union used this doctrine, which stated that the Soviet Union and its allies would intervene if an action by one member threatened other socialist countries.

Brezhnev Doctrine

How did Mao Zedong gain the support of the peasantry in China?

Chinese communist leader: known as a non-violent leader:

One way that nationalist leaders in Asia sought independence differently from the ways nationalist leaders in Africa sought independence after 1900

Countries in Africa were decolonized because of wars whereas colonies in Asia were decolonized because of peaceful, nonviolent protests

Mao Zedong's attempt to reinvigorate China's commitment to communism, which silenced his critics and secured his power.

Cultural Revolution

After resolving the crises of the 1960s, the relationship between the U.S. and Soviet Union improved. What is this period of time called?

Detente

Which of the following leaders is seen as a more progressive Communist, came to power in 1985, allowed elements of free enterprise in the Soviet economy, and supported a policy of opening up Soviet society and the political process by granting greater freedom

Gorbachev

What was the land reform policy in China in 1958 where peasant lands were organized into communes held by the state?

Great Leap Forward

Where did the White Revolution occur? What is is?

Iran: progressive reforms to ware fell womens right to vote,creating a social warefell system, and funding literacy programs in villages.

How did Israel become an independent nation? How did people react

Israel became an independent nation when US prez jimmy carter settled the camp David accords which was a peace treaty. The Palestinians and Arabs did not like it. The Palestinian liberation organization wanted the return of occupied lands and the creation of an independent nation of Palestine.

The border region in the mountainous north between India and Pakistan that causes tension and rivalry because both places claim it.

Kashmir

What was the communist guerilla organization that overthrew the right-wing government of Cambodia after the Vietnam War called?

Khmer Rouge

Post-WW2, the use of terrorism grew, all of the following regions experienced terrorism in some way. northern Ireland

Most of Ireland got separated from the UK in 1922. the roman Catholics suffered discrimination and they wanted to join the rest of Ireland but the northern Ireland protestants refused.

What group advocated for a separate nation for Indian Muslims starting around 1906

Muslim League

One example of a regional, religious, or ethnic movement that challenged colonial rule and imperial boundaries after 1900

Muslim league

Peru

Peru: Abimael Guzman created Shining path based on the ideas of mao Zedong and Khmer rouge. It began decades of bombing and assassinations in order to overthrow the existing government and replace it with a communist one.

Spain

Spain: The ETA wanted independence from the basque region in northern Spain. ETAs actions killed and injured many people. ETA was very hostile. It finally ended in 2011.

By the early 1980s, the U.S. and Soviet Union had more than 12,000 nuclear missiles pointed at the other side. Because of this, Reagan declared that the U.S. would create a missile defense program called what?

Strategic Defense Initiative (SDI)

When General Nasser seized the canal that was administered by the British and French in Egypt - this ended with an agreement for the Suez Canal to become an international waterway open to traffic of all nations under the sovereignty of Egypt after the U.S. intervened - this is also a good example of a nation maintaining a non-aligned position between the U.S. and Soviet Union during the Cold War

Suez crisis

what issues were the us and the USSR faceing that detente helped with ?

The U.S: bad economy. the possibility of establishing relations in china could open new markets to the united states fixing their economy as well. The Soviet Union: russias economy stopped growing so they needed to fix their relation with china and the US In all, detente is a relaxation between strained nations

How did Egypt become a republic

The king was overthrown and the republic was established

US

United States: acts of terrorism in the US come from different groups like domestic groups including white nationalists or extreme right-wing views. one was when two anti gov extremists bombed a federal building in Oklahoma city targeting Muslim Jews and black people.

How did the cultural revolution commit china to communism

removed negative opinions about Mao and allowed him to maintain his power over china. Mao order the red guards to seize government officials, teachers, and others and send them to the countryside for reeducation