A & P II: Blood Quiz 1 & 2

erythropoietin, erythrocytes

A decrease in blood oxygen increases the release of __________________ from kidneys and liver, and it stimulates the production of _________________ by red bone marrow.

four protein chains and four heme groups

A hemoglobin molecule is composed of ________ ___________ _________ and ________ ________ ___________.

liver, spleen, bone marrow

Aged and damaged erythrocytes are broken down by macrophages in the _________, __________, and _________ ____________.

iron ions, antibodies

Beta-globulins (example: transferrin) transport ________ _____, whereas immunoglobulins are ________________.

connective

Blood is correctly classified as a ________________ tissue.

globin, heme

Hemoglobin contains ________, a protein combined with an iron-containing pigment called ________.

55,45

In a given volume of blood, about ________% is plasma and ________% is formed elements.

increase the viscosity of blood

One of the unhealthy effects of blood doping is to _____________ the __________ of __________.

bright red

Oxygen-rich blood is ________ _______ in color.

collagen in connective tissues

Platelets become sticky and adhere to each other when exposed to _____________ in _____________ __________.

form stacks

Rouleaux refers to the ability of RBCs to ________ _________.

platelets, leukocytes

The "buffy coat" in a centrifuged blood sample is composed of ____________ and _______________.

erythrocytes

The clinical definition of the hematocrit refers to the percentage of ________________ in blood.

fibrin

The enzyme thrombin converts fibrinogen into strands of ________, which form a blood clot.

oxygen, carbon dioxide

The hemoglobin found in erythrocytes is able to chemically attach to ____________ or __________ ____________.

oxygen

The hemoglobin within erythrocytes plays a major role in the transport of ________ by the blood.

albumins

The most abundant plasma proteins are the ___________.

hematocrit

The percent fraction of formed elements relative to whole blood is the _________________.

Hemopoiesis

The process of producing the formed elements of blood is called __________________.

Erythropoietin

Two organs that help detect low red blood cell numbers and produce the hormone, __________ to correct this are the kidneys and liver.

5 liters

Typically, an adult's body contains on average about ____ _________ of blood.

-transport body heat -defense against toxins and pathogens -transport of gases -transport of nutrients and waste

What are some functions of blood? (4 functions)

liver

Which organ secretes most of the plasma proteins?

Protection

Which term best describes the function of blood when considering the presence of leukocytes and antibodies?

liver, spleen

Worn-out red blood cells are removed from circulation by the ________ and ________.