A&P 1 - Ch. 16 Review

The type of receptor that readily adapts to a stimulus is known as a __________ receptor. A. phasic B. tonic C. transducer D. multimodal

Phasic

Which eye feature provides vitamin A for photoreceptor cells? A. Cornea B. Conjunctiva C. Sclera D. Pigmented layer of the retina E. Neural layer of the retina

Pigmented layer of the retina

A reduction in sensitivity to a continually applied stimulus is called A. sensation B. tonicity C. conscious awareness D. adaptation E. transduction

Adaptation

A reduction in sensitivity to a continually applied stimulus is called: A. sensation. B. tonicity. C. conscious awareness. D. adaptation. E. transduction.

Adaptation

These receptors detect changes in pressure within the body caused by the stretch or distention of internal structures. A. Chemoreceptors B. Thermoreceptors C. Photoreceptors D. Mechanoreceptors E. Baroreceptors

Baroreceptors

There are five basic taste sensations. Select the one mismatched with its causative agent. A. Sweet; organic compounds such as sugar B. Sour; hydrogen ions from acids such as those in lemons C. Salty; metal ions such as potassium or sodium D. Bitter; acids such as those in toxins or poisons E. Umami; amino acids such as glutamate or aspartate found in chicken soup

Bitter; acids such as those in toxins or poisons

There are five basic taste sensations. Select the one mismatched with its stimulating agent. A. Sweet; organic compounds such as sugar B. Sour; hydrogen ions from acids such as those in lemons C. Salty; metal ions such as potassium or sodium D. Bitter; acids such as those in toxins or poisons E. Umami; amino acids such as glutamate or aspartate found in chicken soup

Bitter; acids such as those in toxins or poisons

By definition, transducers: A. are electrical devices that do not work with biological systems. B. change one form of energy into another form. C. transmit signals away from the central nervous system. D. transmit signals toward the central nervous system.

Change one form of energy into another form

The lens of the eye flattens when A. ciliary muscles contract. B. ciliary muscles relax. C. extrinsic eye muscles contract. D. extrinsic eye muscles relax. E. intrinsic muscles of the iris contract.

Ciliary muscles relax

The lens of the eye flattens when: A. ciliary muscles contract. B. ciliary muscles relax. C. extrinsic eye muscles contract. D. extrinsic eye muscles relax. E. intrinsic muscles of the iris contract.

Ciliary muscles relax

Auditory cells in the superior olivary nucleus receive their input from the: A. cochlear nuclei, and they are involved in localizing the source of a sound. B. cochlear nuclei, and they determine the pitch of a sound. C. inferior colliculi, and they are used to relay the information directly to the primary auditory cortex. D. inferior colliculi, and they filter out irrelevant auditory information. E. thalamus, and they allow us to recognize familiar voices.

Cochlear nuclei, and they are involved in localizing the source of a sound

After being funneled by the auricle, sound waves pass (in sequence) through the A. external acoustic meatus, tympanic membrane, ossicles, and oval window. B. external acoustic meatus, oval window, ossicles, and cochlea. C. external acoustic meatus, tympanic membrane, internal acoustic meatus, and oval window. D. internal acoustic meatus, tympanic membrane, oval window, and ossicles. E. internal acoustic meatus, tympanic membrane, ossicles, and round window.

External acoustic meatus, tympanic membrane, ossicles, and oval window

Which term best describes receptors that detect stimuli from the external environment? A. Interoceptors B. Exteroceptors C. Proprioceptors D. Nociceptors E. Thermoreceptors

Exteroceptors

Which papillae, distributed on the anterior two-thirds of the tongue surface, lack taste buds? A. Papiform B. Filiform C. Fungiform D. Vallate E. Foliate

Filiform

There are three types of unencapsulated tactile receptors. Select the exception A. Free nerve endings B. Sebaceous filaments C. Root hair plexus D. Tactile discs

Free nerve endings, root hair plexus, tactile discs

A person having a heart attack may feel pain along the medial side of the the left arm. This pain is known as A. referred pain B. phantom pain C. selected pain D. covert pain E. masked pain

Referred pain

Which statement accurately describes the merits of different receptive field properties? A. Having small receptive fields allow for more precision, but since more receptors are needed it increases overall energy costs. B. Having large receptive fields allow for more precision, but since since the area of responsiveness is larger, it increases the body's energy costs. C. Having small receptive fields allows for more precision, smaller body surfaces, and decreased energy costs overall. D. Having large receptive fields allows for more precision, larger body surfaces, and decreased energy costs overall.

Having small receptive fields allow for more precision, but since more receptors are needed it increases overall energy costs

Eyelids serve two purposes: one is to protect the eye and the other is to A. help distribute blood to the eye surface. B. help distribute lacrimal fluid to cleanse and lubricate the surface. C. help spread antiviral solution. D. help to control the transmission of the nerve impulse to the retina. E. prevent excess mucus from obscuring vision.

Help distribute lacrimal fluid to cleanse and lubricate the surface

Where is the greatest concentration of cones located? A. In the optic disc B. In the ora serrata C. In the fovea centralis D. In the posterior retina E. In the optic nerve

In the fovea centralis

Which term best describes receptors that detect stimuli from internal organs? A. Interoceptors B. Exteroceptors C. Proprioceptors D. Nociceptors E. Thermoreceptors

Interoreceptors

The structure that functions as a diaphragm to control pupil size is the A. ora serrata. B. suspensory ligament. C. iris. D. cornea. E. anterior chamber.

Iris

The structure that functions as a diaphragm to control pupil size is the: A. ora serrata. B. suspensory ligament. C. iris. D. cornea. E. anterior chamber.

Iris

Most axons within the optic tract terminate in the A. temporal lobe of the cerebral cortex. B. occipital lobe of the cerebral cortex. C. lateral geniculate nucleus of the thalamus. D. medial geniculate nucleus of the thalamus.

Lateral geniculate nucleus of the thalamus

What inner ear structure detects acceleration and deceleration movements of the head? A. Tensor tympani and stapedius B. Spiral organ C. Maculae D. Ossicles E. Scala vestibule

Maculae

These receptors respond to touch, pressure, vibration, and stretch. A. Chemoreceptors B. Thermoreceptors C. Photoreceptors D. Mechanoreceptors E. Baroreceptors

Mechanoreceptors

The classification of a receptor as a photoreceptor or a mechanoreceptor depends on A. the location of origin of the stimulus it perceives B. the modality of the stimulus it perceives C. its location in the body D. whether it is a somatic or visceral receptor

Modality

High frequency sounds activate neurons within the cochlea that are: A. near the oval window at the base of the cochlea. B. far from the oval window at the apex of the cochlea. C. along the entire length of the cochlea

Near the oval window at the base of the cochlea

These receptors respond to pain caused by external and internal stimuli. A. Chemoreceptors B. Thermoreceptors C. Photoreceptors D. Mechanoreceptors E. Nociceptors

Nociceptors

Olfactory glomeruli are located in the thalamus. A. olfactory epithelium. B. olfactory bulbs. C. hypothalamus.

Olfactory bulbs

What part of the retina lacks photoreceptors? A. Optic disc B. Macula lutea C. Fovea centralis D. Posterior retina E. All choices are correct

Optic disc

The conjunctiva that lines the internal surface of the eyelids is termed the ____________ conjunctiva A. palpebral B. retinal C. ocular D. epithelial E. visceral

Palpebral

Which structure is not considered to be part of the membranous labyrinth? A. Scala vestibuli B. Semicircular duct C. Saccule D. Cochlear duct E. Utricle

Scala vestibuli

As a middle aged person gets older, the lenses of their eyes no longer assume as round of a shape when their ligaments slacken. This results in difficulty in: A. seeing nearby objects. B. seeing distant objects. C. seeing colored objects. D. seeing low contrast scenes.

Seeing nearby objects

Conscious awareness of incoming sensory information is called A. sensation B. receptor C. a stimulus D. adaptation E. transducer

Sensation

The part of the cochlea that converts pressure waves (from sounds) into changes in membrane potentials is the: A. modiolus. B. scala tympani. C. spiral organ. D. scala vestibuli. E. helicotrema.

Spiral organ

The most numerous type of receptor in the body is the A. chemoreceptor. B. tactile receptor. C. thermoreceptor. D. nociceptor. E. photoreceptor.

Tactile receptor

The "dark current" of photoreceptors refers to A. the exit of Na+ and Ca2+ out of the cell when light is not hitting the cell. B. the entry of Na+ and Ca2+ into the cell when light is not hitting the cell. C. the entry of K+ into the cell when light is not hitting the cell. D. the exit of K+ out of the cell when light is not hitting the cell.

The entry of Na+ and Ca2+ into the cell when light is not hitting the cell.

Certain odors can initiate behavioral and emotional reactions because A. the olfactory pathway is connected directly to the medulla oblongata. B. there are widespread olfactory associations within the hypothalamus and limbic system. C. olfactory sensations are interpreted at the prefrontal cortex. D. the olfactory pathway is connected directly to the occipital lobe. E. the sense of olfaction occurs immediately at the olfactory epithelium.

There are widespread olfactory associations within the hypothalamus and limbic system

The least numerous but the largest of the papillae are arranged as a V-shape on the posterior dorsal surface of the tongue. They contain the majority of taste buds and are called _____ papillae. A. papiform B. filiform C. fungiform D. vallate E. foliate

Vallate

The gelatinous mass inside of the eye is called the A. lacrimal secretion. B. mucoid body. C. vitreous humor. D. hyaloid mass. E. scleroid humor.

Vitreous Humor

Where is the saccule located? A. Within the middle ear B. Lateral to the auditory ossicles C. Within the cochlea D. Within the vestibule E. In the auditory tube

Within the vestibule

What is the correct chronological sequence of events for hearing? a: The tympanic membrane vibrates. b: Ossicles vibrate. c: Spiral organ hair cells convert stimulus to nerve impulse. d: Pressure waves from oval window travel through the scala vestibuli. a, b, c, d b, c, d, a c, b, a, d a, b, d, c e, c, , a, b

a, b, d, c

Which sequence correctly traces the pathway of aqueous humor in the eye? a: Aqueous humor is secreted by epithelial ciliary cells. b: Aqueous humor is released into the posterior chamber. c: Aqueous humor is drained into the scleral venous sinus. d: Aqueous humor washes over the lens and then passes through the pupil into the anterior chamber. a, b, c, d b, a, c, d a, b, d, c d, a, c, b

a, b, d, c

What is the correct chronological sequence of events for hearing? a: The tympanic membrane vibrates. b: Ossicles vibrate. c: Spiral organ hair cells convert stimulus to nerve impulse. d: Pressure waves from oval window travel through the scala vestibuli. A. a, b, c, d B. b, c, d, a C. c, b, a, d D. a, b, d, c E. e, c, a, b

a, b, d, c - Tympanic membrane vibrates, ossicles vibrate, pressure waves from oval window travel through the scala vestibuli, spiral organ hair cells convert stimulus to nerve impulse

The vascular tunic of the eye has three distinct regions. From anterior to posterior what are they? a: Ciliary body b: Choroid c: Iris a, b, c b, a, c c, a, b c, b, a b, c, a

c,a,b - Iris, Ciliary body, Choroid

The proper sequence of eye layers from the outermost to the innermost layer is: a: Neural tunic b: Fatty tunic c: Vascular tunic d: Fibrous tunic A. a, b, c B. b, a, c C. a, b, d D. c, a, d E. d, c, a

d, c, a - Fibrous tunic, Vascular tunic, Neural tunic

At the optic chiasm: A. all axons from each optic nerve cross to the opposite side of the brain. B. none of the axons actually cross to the opposite side of the brain. C. ganglion cell axons from the medial region of each retina cross to the opposite side of the brain. D. ganglion cell axons from the lateral region of each retina cross to the opposite side of the brain.

ganglion cell axons from the medial region of each retina cross to the opposite side of the brain.

When we initiate a rapid rotation of our head, it results in bending of cilia on hair cells: A. in the utricle of our cochleas. B. in the maculae of our semicircular ducts. C. in the ampullae of our semicircular ducts. D. in the maculae of our vestibules. E. in the ampullae of our vestibules.

in the ampullae of our semicircular ducts

The receptors responsible for detecting deep pressure & high-frequency vibration are A. Krause bulbs B. lamellated corpuscles C. arrector pili corpuscles D. Ruffini corpuscles E. tactile corpuscles

lamellated corpuscles

A photopsin is a protein: A. of a photopigment within cone photoreceptors. B. of a photopigment within rod photoreceptors. C. that is derived from Vitamin E. D. that allows ions to flow into rod and cone photoreceptors.

of a photopigment within cone photoreceptors.

Phototransduction is the process in which: A. retinal ganglion cells signal changes in the color of light. B. bipolar cells signal the presence of contrast in a visual scene. C. photoreceptors convert light energy to changes in membrane potential. D. primary visual cortex recognizes and identifies a stimulus.

photoreceptors convert light energy to changes in membrane potential.