A&P 1 Exam 1 review quiz
If an animal cell has 18 chromosomes and undergoes mitosis, how many chromosomes would each daughter cell have?
18
Thin skin contains ________ epidermal layer(s) and thick skin contains ________ layers.
4;5
The genetically programmed death of cells is called
apoptosis.
The first cervical vertebra is called the
atlas
The smallest stable units of matter are
atoms
The skull and vertebral column are part of the ________ skeleton.
axial
The second cervical vertebra is called the
axis
Elevated levels of calcium ion in the blood stimulate the secretion of the hormone
calcitonin.
Intercalated discs and pacemaker cells are characteristic of ________ tissue.
cardiac muscle
What is the only type of cell found in cartilage matrix?
chondrocytes
Which of the following constitutes the pectoral girdle?
clavicles and scapulae
The five vertebral regions are the cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral, and
coccygeal
Epithelial tissue is always attached to which other major tissue type?
connective tissue
The largest quantities of keratin are found in the epidermal layer called the stratum
corneum
The articular cartilage of a typical long bone is composed of what type of cartilage?
hyaline cartilage
What type of tissue is replaced in the embryo during endochondral ossification?
hyaline cartilage
Which connective tissue is found between the ribs and the sternum?
hyaline cartilage
While assessing a patient, you discover that after pinching the skin on the back of the hand, it remains peaked. This is a sign of
dehydration
The deltoid muscle attaches to what process?
deltoid tuberosity
Primary ossification centers develop in long bones in the
diaphysis
The shaft of long bones is called the
diaphysis
The process by which cells become specialized is called
differentiation
The radius and ulna are bound to each other by a(n) ________ ligament
interosseous
The loose connective tissue component of a mucous membrane is called the
lamina propria
The vertebral arch is formed by the pedicles and the
laminae
Adipose tissue is stored within the
medullary cavity
The endoplasmic reticulum is an example of a(n) ________ organelle.
membranous
The region of a long bone between the end and the shaft is known as the
metaphysis
Which of the following cytoskeleton components moves the chromosomes during cell division?
microtubules
Which organelle is more prominent in cells that make large amounts of protein?
nucleolus
What is the correct term for the opening formed by the pubis and the ischium?
obturator foramen
The foramen magnum is found in the ________ bone.
occipital
The optic nerve passes through which structure?
optic canal
Which of the following is arranged in correct order from the most complex to the simplest?
organism, system, organ, tissue, cellular, molecular
Cells that secrete the organic components of the bone matrix are called
osteoblasts
The structural units of mature compact bone are called
osteons
The natural age-related loss of bone mass is called
osteopenia
If osteoclasts are more active than osteoblasts, bones will become
osteopenic
What gland responds when the blood calcium level is too low?
parathyroid gland
Tendons and ligaments attach to the ________ of bone
periosteum
The superficial membrane of a bone is called the
periosteum
In which layer of the skin are melanocytes found?
stratum basale
The short projections at the distal ends of both the radius and ulna are the
styloid processes.
The facial nerve (VII) passes through the internal acoustic meatus and then through the
stylomastoid foramen
The anterior surface of the scapula is smooth and concave. The name of the concave depression is the
subscapular fossa.
What are the body's two sources of cholecalciferol (vitamin D3)?
sunlight and food
The study of the general form and superficial markings of an organism is called ________ anatomy.
surface
The part of the vertebrae that transfers weight along the axis of the vertebral column is the
vertebral body
The disease osteomalacia causes calcium loss from the skeleton, which would result in bones that are
weaker and more flexible.
In which abdominopelvic quadrant and region is the stomach predominantly found?
left upper quadrant and epigastric region
Receptor molecules on the surface of cells bind specific molecules called, in general
ligands
The humerus is an example of a(n) ________ bone.
long
The clavicles articulate with which portion of the sternum?
manubrium
The prominent bulge just posterior and inferior to the external auditory meatus is the
mastoid process
The combination of fibers and ground substance in supporting connective tissues is known as
matrix
During development a cleft palate forms when which bones fail to meet along the midline of the hard palate?
maxillae
The ulnar nerve is exposed when it crosses the posterior surface of what process?
medial epicondyle
________ prevents damaging bone-to-bone contact within movable joints.
Articular cartilage
Which of following is a function of the skeletal system? protection of internal organs blood cell production body support calcium homeostasis All of the answers are correct.
All of the answers are correct
A cell duplicates its chromosomes during the ________ phase.
S
How do sex hormones affect bone growth?
They cause ossification to be faster than cartilage replacement.
Which of the following is the term for the articulation of the clavicles with the scapulae?
acromioclavicular joint
If a tumor secretes high levels of osteoclast-activating factor, which of the following would you expect to occur as a result of this condition? increased osteoclast activity increases in blood levels of calcium bone fragility decreased bone density All of the answers are correct
all of the answers are correct
A person who is standing facing forward with hands at the sides and palms facing forward is in the ________ position.
anatomical
When production of sex hormones increases at puberty, epiphyseal plates
become narrower
Where is the tissue level of organization?
between cells and organs
The central canal of an osteon contains
blood vessels
If blood calcium levels drop below 8.5 mg/dL which hormone is likely to be activated?
both calcitriol and parathyroid hormone
A child with rickets often has
bowed legs
Accelerated closure of the epiphyseal plates could be caused by
elevated levels of estrogen
Chemical reactions that absorb energy are called
endergonic.
Glands that secrete hormones into the interstitial fluid are ________ glands.
endocrine
The hydrolysis of ATP yields ADP, phosphate ion, and
energy
Chemical reactions that occur in the body are accelerated by
enzymes.
The layer of the skin that provides a barrier against bacteria as well as chemical and mechanical injuries is the
epidermis
Where is spongy bone found in long bones? Where is spongy bone found in flat bones?
epiphyses; between the compact bone layers
Which of the four basic tissue types form coverings or linings of organs?
epithelial
The olfactory foramina are found in which of the following bones?
ethmoid
The large foramen that serves as a passageway for the medulla of the brain and the accessory nerve (XI) is the
foramen magnum
The scapula articulates with the humerus at the ________ joint.
glenohumoral
The study of tissues is called
histology
Which method of secretion destroys the cell?
holocrine
________ marrow is found between the trabeculae of spongy bone.
red
Identify the role of cholesterol in the plasma membrane.
reduces membrane fluidity and permeability
While performing cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) on an unconscious person, you are careful to position your hands correctly to avoid damage to the
ribs and xiphoid process
The liver is primarily located in the ________ quadrant.
right upper
Nail production occurs at the nail
root
Which of the following membranes covers the surface of visceral organs?
serous
What is the purpose of the secondary curves?
shift the weight of the body to permit an upright posture
Bones that are boxy with approximately equal dimensions are
short bones
The junction type that lets neighboring cells exchange small molecules is the
simple columnar epithelium
Which muscle tissue consists of multinucleate cells?
skeletal
A skull bone that could be described as looking like a bat with wings extended is the
sphenoid
Give the clinical term for the condition in which the vertebral laminae fail to unite during development.
spina bifida
The four primary sutures are lambdoid, coronal, sagittal, and
squamous
The internal acoustic meatus is located in which bone?
temporal
The zygomatic arch is formed by the articulation of processes from which two bones?
temporal and zygomatic
How would removing hydroxyapatite from bone matrix affect the physical properties of a bone?
the bone would be more flexible
Facilitated diffusion differs from ordinary diffusion in that
the rate of facilitated diffusion is limited by the number of available carrier proteins.
The diaphragm muscle separates the ________ from the ________.
thoracic cavity; abdominopelvic cavity