A&P 1 Exam 1 review quiz

If an animal cell has 18 chromosomes and undergoes mitosis, how many chromosomes would each daughter cell have?

18

Thin skin contains ________ epidermal layer(s) and thick skin contains ________ layers.

4;5

The genetically programmed death of cells is called

apoptosis.

The first cervical vertebra is called the

atlas

The smallest stable units of matter are

atoms

The skull and vertebral column are part of the ________ skeleton.

axial

The second cervical vertebra is called the

axis

Elevated levels of calcium ion in the blood stimulate the secretion of the hormone

calcitonin.

Intercalated discs and pacemaker cells are characteristic of ________ tissue.

cardiac muscle

What is the only type of cell found in cartilage matrix?

chondrocytes

Which of the following constitutes the pectoral girdle?

clavicles and scapulae

The five vertebral regions are the cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral, and

coccygeal

Epithelial tissue is always attached to which other major tissue type?

connective tissue

The largest quantities of keratin are found in the epidermal layer called the stratum

corneum

The articular cartilage of a typical long bone is composed of what type of cartilage?

hyaline cartilage

What type of tissue is replaced in the embryo during endochondral ossification?

hyaline cartilage

Which connective tissue is found between the ribs and the sternum?

hyaline cartilage

While assessing a patient, you discover that after pinching the skin on the back of the hand, it remains peaked. This is a sign of

dehydration

The deltoid muscle attaches to what process?

deltoid tuberosity

Primary ossification centers develop in long bones in the

diaphysis

The shaft of long bones is called the

diaphysis

The process by which cells become specialized is called

differentiation

The radius and ulna are bound to each other by a(n) ________ ligament

interosseous

The loose connective tissue component of a mucous membrane is called the

lamina propria

The vertebral arch is formed by the pedicles and the

laminae

Adipose tissue is stored within the

medullary cavity

The endoplasmic reticulum is an example of a(n) ________ organelle.

membranous

The region of a long bone between the end and the shaft is known as the

metaphysis

Which of the following cytoskeleton components moves the chromosomes during cell division?

microtubules

Which organelle is more prominent in cells that make large amounts of protein?

nucleolus

What is the correct term for the opening formed by the pubis and the ischium?

obturator foramen

The foramen magnum is found in the ________ bone.

occipital

The optic nerve passes through which structure?

optic canal

Which of the following is arranged in correct order from the most complex to the simplest?

organism, system, organ, tissue, cellular, molecular

Cells that secrete the organic components of the bone matrix are called

osteoblasts

The structural units of mature compact bone are called

osteons

The natural age-related loss of bone mass is called

osteopenia

If osteoclasts are more active than osteoblasts, bones will become

osteopenic

What gland responds when the blood calcium level is too low?

parathyroid gland

Tendons and ligaments attach to the ________ of bone

periosteum

The superficial membrane of a bone is called the

periosteum

In which layer of the skin are melanocytes found?

stratum basale

The short projections at the distal ends of both the radius and ulna are the

styloid processes.

The facial nerve (VII) passes through the internal acoustic meatus and then through the

stylomastoid foramen

The anterior surface of the scapula is smooth and concave. The name of the concave depression is the

subscapular fossa.

What are the body's two sources of cholecalciferol (vitamin D3)?

sunlight and food

The study of the general form and superficial markings of an organism is called ________ anatomy.

surface

The part of the vertebrae that transfers weight along the axis of the vertebral column is the

vertebral body

The disease osteomalacia causes calcium loss from the skeleton, which would result in bones that are

weaker and more flexible.

In which abdominopelvic quadrant and region is the stomach predominantly found?

left upper quadrant and epigastric region

Receptor molecules on the surface of cells bind specific molecules called, in general

ligands

The humerus is an example of a(n) ________ bone.

long

The clavicles articulate with which portion of the sternum?

manubrium

The prominent bulge just posterior and inferior to the external auditory meatus is the

mastoid process

The combination of fibers and ground substance in supporting connective tissues is known as

matrix

During development a cleft palate forms when which bones fail to meet along the midline of the hard palate?

maxillae

The ulnar nerve is exposed when it crosses the posterior surface of what process?

medial epicondyle

________ prevents damaging bone-to-bone contact within movable joints.

Articular cartilage

Which of following is a function of the skeletal system? protection of internal organs blood cell production body support calcium homeostasis All of the answers are correct.

All of the answers are correct

A cell duplicates its chromosomes during the ________ phase.

S

How do sex hormones affect bone growth?

They cause ossification to be faster than cartilage replacement.

Which of the following is the term for the articulation of the clavicles with the scapulae?

acromioclavicular joint

If a tumor secretes high levels of osteoclast-activating factor, which of the following would you expect to occur as a result of this condition? increased osteoclast activity increases in blood levels of calcium bone fragility decreased bone density All of the answers are correct

all of the answers are correct

A person who is standing facing forward with hands at the sides and palms facing forward is in the ________ position.

anatomical

When production of sex hormones increases at puberty, epiphyseal plates

become narrower

Where is the tissue level of organization?

between cells and organs

The central canal of an osteon contains

blood vessels

If blood calcium levels drop below 8.5 mg/dL which hormone is likely to be activated?

both calcitriol and parathyroid hormone

A child with rickets often has

bowed legs

Accelerated closure of the epiphyseal plates could be caused by

elevated levels of estrogen

Chemical reactions that absorb energy are called

endergonic.

Glands that secrete hormones into the interstitial fluid are ________ glands.

endocrine

The hydrolysis of ATP yields ADP, phosphate ion, and

energy

Chemical reactions that occur in the body are accelerated by

enzymes.

The layer of the skin that provides a barrier against bacteria as well as chemical and mechanical injuries is the

epidermis

Where is spongy bone found in long bones? Where is spongy bone found in flat bones?

epiphyses; between the compact bone layers

Which of the four basic tissue types form coverings or linings of organs?

epithelial

The olfactory foramina are found in which of the following bones?

ethmoid

The large foramen that serves as a passageway for the medulla of the brain and the accessory nerve (XI) is the

foramen magnum

The scapula articulates with the humerus at the ________ joint.

glenohumoral

The study of tissues is called

histology

Which method of secretion destroys the cell?

holocrine

________ marrow is found between the trabeculae of spongy bone.

red

Identify the role of cholesterol in the plasma membrane.

reduces membrane fluidity and permeability

While performing cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) on an unconscious person, you are careful to position your hands correctly to avoid damage to the

ribs and xiphoid process

The liver is primarily located in the ________ quadrant.

right upper

Nail production occurs at the nail

root

Which of the following membranes covers the surface of visceral organs?

serous

What is the purpose of the secondary curves?

shift the weight of the body to permit an upright posture

Bones that are boxy with approximately equal dimensions are

short bones

The junction type that lets neighboring cells exchange small molecules is the

simple columnar epithelium

Which muscle tissue consists of multinucleate cells?

skeletal

A skull bone that could be described as looking like a bat with wings extended is the

sphenoid

Give the clinical term for the condition in which the vertebral laminae fail to unite during development.

spina bifida

The four primary sutures are lambdoid, coronal, sagittal, and

squamous

The internal acoustic meatus is located in which bone?

temporal

The zygomatic arch is formed by the articulation of processes from which two bones?

temporal and zygomatic

How would removing hydroxyapatite from bone matrix affect the physical properties of a bone?

the bone would be more flexible

Facilitated diffusion differs from ordinary diffusion in that

the rate of facilitated diffusion is limited by the number of available carrier proteins.

The diaphragm muscle separates the ________ from the ________.

thoracic cavity; abdominopelvic cavity