A&P 1 Unit 1

Distinguish between examples of homeostasis and stress

Homeostasis is the activity of cells throughout the body to maintain the physiological state within a narrow range that is compatible with life. Stress

Apply the scientific method to a biological problem

Observation, Question, Hypothesis, Prediction, Test Prediction,

Explain the components of feedback systems

Receptor- monitors a controlled condition Control Center- determines next action Effector- Receives directions from the control center and produces a response that changes controlled condition Negative Feedback Loop- original stimulus reversed Positive Feedback Loop- original stimulus intensified

Explain the difference between anatomy & physiology

The difference between anatomy and physiology is that anatomy is the study of the human structure and physiology is the study of how it functions.

Distinguish between the different levels of structural organization within the body including: atom organelle tissue organ system molecule cell organ organism

The smallest unit of any of these pure substances (elements) is an atom. Atoms are made up of subatomic particles such as the proton, electron and neutron. Two or more atoms combine to form a molecule, such as the water molecules, proteins, and sugars found in living things. Molecules are the chemical building blocks of all body structures. A cell is the smallest independently functioning unit of a living organism. Single celled organisms, like bacteria, are extremely small, independently-living organisms with a cellular structure. A human cell typically consists of flexible membranes that enclose cytoplasm, a water-based cellular fluid, with a variety of tiny functioning units called organelles. In humans, as in all organisms, cells perform all functions of life. A tissue is a group of many similar cells (though sometimes composed of a few related types) that work together to perform a specific function. An organ is an anatomically distinct structure of the body composed of two or more tissue types. Each organ performs one or more specific physiological functions. An organ system is a group of organs that work together to perform major functions or meet physiological needs of the body.

Using examples, explain the operation and effects of negative and positive feedback systems on homeostasis

With negative feedback, the output reduces the original effect of the stimulus. In a positive feedback system, the output enhances the original stimulus. A good example of a positive feedback system is child birth. During labor, a hormone called oxytocin is released that intensifies and speeds up contractions.