A&P 1 Unit 1 Chapter 2

What lipid is used by the body as a precursor for the production of steroid hormones?

cholesterol

bond between sodium and chloride in NaCl involves what?

the transfer of electrons from one atom to another

Catalysts

they lower the energy activation requirements for a chemical reaction to occur and they include enzymes

Lipid used by the body for insulation

triglycerides

A chemical reaction involves interactions between the _____ of two different atoms.

valence electrons

chemical bond that involves the sharing of valence electrons between two atoms

covalent

Conversion of energy from one form to another usually releases what?

heat

What chemical bond forms between adjacent water molecules

hydrogen bonds

If an atom gains an electron it becomes a

ion and anion

What is the major significance of the element chlorine in the body?

ionized form is most plentiful anion in extracellular fluid

The nucleus of unstable ...? of an element will decay leading to emission of radiation

isotopes

Major function of DNA?

long term storage of information for protein synthesis

Among isotopes of any particular element, the number of _____ can vary, and therefore the mass number of the element will vary.

neutrons

In a polar covalent bond, the atom that has the most electronegativity will have a

partial negative charge

Fatty acid that contains more than one double bond in its hydrocarbon chain

polyunsaturated

96% of the body mass is made from what?

Carbon, Oxygen, Hydrogen, and Nitrogen

The energy stored in the bonds of the molecules in the foods that humans eat is a form of what energy

Potential and chemical energy

Of the major types of organic compounds found in the body, which type is used to make enzymes, to make structural molecules such as collagen, and nearly always has complex, 3-dimensional structures?

Proteins

The three types of subatomic particles that are important for understanding chemical reactions in the human body are

Protons, Neutrons, and Electrons

What are negatively charged particles found in shells around the nucleus of a particular atom equal to?

The number of protons

The most abundant and important inorganic compound in the body?

Water

What is a negatively charged atom?

anion

RNA, DNA and ATP are formed from?

Nucleotides

What region of an atom contains the protons and neutrons?

Nucleus

What can lower the amount of free radicals in the body?

Antioxidants

Primary structure of a protein consists of?

A sequence of amino acids linked by peptide bonds

Proton donor?

Acid

A solution with a pH less than 7 is?

Acidic

What is a monosaccharide that is used by cells to produce energy?

Glucose