A&P 1 Unit 1 Chapter 2
What lipid is used by the body as a precursor for the production of steroid hormones?
cholesterol
bond between sodium and chloride in NaCl involves what?
the transfer of electrons from one atom to another
Catalysts
they lower the energy activation requirements for a chemical reaction to occur and they include enzymes
Lipid used by the body for insulation
triglycerides
A chemical reaction involves interactions between the _____ of two different atoms.
valence electrons
chemical bond that involves the sharing of valence electrons between two atoms
covalent
Conversion of energy from one form to another usually releases what?
heat
What chemical bond forms between adjacent water molecules
hydrogen bonds
If an atom gains an electron it becomes a
ion and anion
What is the major significance of the element chlorine in the body?
ionized form is most plentiful anion in extracellular fluid
The nucleus of unstable ...? of an element will decay leading to emission of radiation
isotopes
Major function of DNA?
long term storage of information for protein synthesis
Among isotopes of any particular element, the number of _____ can vary, and therefore the mass number of the element will vary.
neutrons
In a polar covalent bond, the atom that has the most electronegativity will have a
partial negative charge
Fatty acid that contains more than one double bond in its hydrocarbon chain
polyunsaturated
96% of the body mass is made from what?
Carbon, Oxygen, Hydrogen, and Nitrogen
The energy stored in the bonds of the molecules in the foods that humans eat is a form of what energy
Potential and chemical energy
Of the major types of organic compounds found in the body, which type is used to make enzymes, to make structural molecules such as collagen, and nearly always has complex, 3-dimensional structures?
Proteins
The three types of subatomic particles that are important for understanding chemical reactions in the human body are
Protons, Neutrons, and Electrons
What are negatively charged particles found in shells around the nucleus of a particular atom equal to?
The number of protons
The most abundant and important inorganic compound in the body?
Water
What is a negatively charged atom?
anion
RNA, DNA and ATP are formed from?
Nucleotides
What region of an atom contains the protons and neutrons?
Nucleus
What can lower the amount of free radicals in the body?
Antioxidants
Primary structure of a protein consists of?
A sequence of amino acids linked by peptide bonds
Proton donor?
Acid
A solution with a pH less than 7 is?
Acidic
What is a monosaccharide that is used by cells to produce energy?
Glucose
