A&P 2 Chapter 19 Quiz

Match the formed element with the correct technical name. 1. Red blood cells 2. White blood cells 3. Platelets

1. Erythrocytes 2. Leukocytes 3. Thrombocytes

Indicate whether each statement is true or false. 1. Blood carries oxygen from the cells that produce it to the lungs where it is expelled. 2. Blood transports ingested nutrients, ions, and water from the digestive tract to the cells. 3. The osmotic composition of blood is critical for maintaining normal fluid and ion balance. 4. Cells and chemicals in the blood make up an important part of the integumentary system, protecting against foreign substances, such as microorganisms and toxins. 5. The blood carries the hormones and many of the enzymes that regulate body processes from one part of the body to another.

1. False 2. True 3. True 4. False 5. True

Match the blood types with the correct antigens and antibodies. 1. A antigens 2. Anti-B antibodies 3. B antigens 4. Anti-A antibodies 5. A and B antigens 6. Neither Anti-A or Anti-B antibodies 7. Neither A or B antigens 8. Anti-A and Anti-B antibodies

1. Type A 2. Type A 3. Type B 4. Type B 5. Type AB 6. Type AB 7. Type O 8. Type O

The lifespan of an erythrocyte is about ____ days

120

Most adult hemoglobin has

2 alpha globins and 2 beta globins

Typically, an adult's body contains ___________ of blood.

5 liters

A person with type AB blood has ________________ RBC antigen(s).

A and B

A woman's first pregnancy is normal but her second pregnancy results in hemolytic disease of the newborn (HDN), or erythroblastosis fetalis. The second child needed a transfusion to completely replace the agglutinating blood. The mother is most likely type __________ and both children are most likely __________.

A, Rh-negative ; B, Rh-positive

A universal recipient has blood type __________.

AB

Which is the most rare ABO blood type in the US?

AB

A person with type A blood can safely donate RBCs to someone of type __________ and can receive RBCs from someone of type __________.

AB ; O

Which of the following is not required for the formation of a blood clot?

Albumin

Why are pregnant Rh- women given an injection of Rh immune globulin?

Antibodies in the injection bind fetal RBC antigens so they cannot stimulate her immune system to produce anti-D antibodies.

The overproduction of erythrocytes is called ___________________.

Erythrocytosis

Which of the following might be injected into a patient who is prone to forming blood clots and therefore at risk of a heart attack or stroke?

Heparin

A universal donor has blood type ____________________.

O

Basophils release histamine and heparin. True or False

True

Iron is transported in the blood by transferrin. True or False

True

_______________ is the immediate but temporary constriction of a blood vessel that results when smooth muscle within the wall of the vessel contracts.

Vascular spasm

A deficiency of ___________ can cause pernicious anemia.

Vitamin B12

If your son was diagnosed with hemophilia, he would have

a disorder of the clotting process

A pulmonary embolism is most likely caused by a clot reaching

a lung through a pulmonary artery

This figure shows the formed elements of blood. What does "7" represent?

a lymphocyte

Which of the following is an agranulocyte?

a monocyte

Sickle cell disease is caused by

a mutation

The most abundant plasma protein is

albumin

An individual's hematocrit would vary with

altitude, age, sex

Hemolytic disease of the newborn (HDN) occurs when

an Rh-negative woman is carrying an Rh-positive fetus.

If an individual has a deficiency of hemoglobin in the blood, they would have

anemia.

To prevent unwanted clotting, the blood contains several __________, which prevent clotting factors from initiating clot formation under normal circumstances.

anticoagulants

The red blood cells of type AB blood have on their surfaces

antigens A and B

If an individual has a deficiency of hemoglobin due to the inability of the red bone marrow to produce red blood cells, they would have

aplastic anemia

In the breakdown of hemoglobin, the globin chains

are broken down by macrophages into amino acids

Hemoglobin transporting carbon dioxide is called _______________.

carbaminohemoglobin

A blood clot that breaks loose and travels in the blood flow is called a(n) _______________.

embolus

The hormone released from the kidneys that promotes the production of red blood cells is ________________.

erythropoietin

The basic event in the formation of a blood clot is the change of

fibrinogen to fibrin

Most oxygen is transported bound to

heme groups in hemoglobin

The sequence in the breakdown of the non-iron portion of the heme is

heme, biliverdin, bilirubin, conjugated bilirubin, bilirubin derivatives, feces and urine

An increased erythropoietin (EPO) output by the kidneys would lead to all of the following except

increased hypoxemia

Athletes abuse erythropoietin (EPO) because it

increases the red blood cell supply, which brings more oxygen to muscle cells.

Heparin prevents blood clotting by

inhibiting the formation of prothrombin activator and the action of thrombin on fibrinogen.

Aspirin

inhibits the action of the enzyme cyclooxygenase (COX)

Aspirin inhibits platelet plug formation by

interfering with the synthesis of prostaglandins.

Vitamin B12 is poorly absorbed in the absence of

intrinsic factor

Heme released from hemoglobin in aged red blood cells is decomposed in the liver into

iron and the bile pigment biliverdin, which is eventually converted to bilirubin.

Vitamin K

is essential for the synthesis of prothrombin

In the breakdown of hemoglobin, the iron

is transported by transferrin to the liver. is transported by transferrin to the spleen. is transported by transferrin to the red bone marrow. (ALL OF THE ABOVE)

If an individual had a reduction in the overall number of white blood cells, they would have

leukopenia

Most clotting factors are synthesized in the

liver

Bilirubin

may build up in the circulation and cause jaundice.

Platelets develop DIRECTLY from ____________.

megakaryocytes

Differential count of ___________ typically increases in response to bacterial infections.

neutrophils

The most abundant white blood cells are the

neutrophils

Which of the following is mismatched?

pernicious anemia - loss of blood from the body

RhoGam injections are given to

prevent sensitization of the mother.

Risk factors for deep vein thrombosis are

prolonged periods of staying still in one position use of oral contraceptives or estrogen dehydration recent abdominal surgery (ALL OF THE ABOVE)

Platelets play an important role in preventing blood loss by

promoting the formation of clots to seal off wounds in vessels

Plasma without the clotting factors is _____________.

serum

Where do most RBCs die?

spleen and liver

If an individual has a deficiency of hemoglobin due to an autosomal recessive disease that results in insufficient production of globin, they would have

thalassemia

The final step in the formation of a blood clot is

that thrombin converts fibrinogen to fibrin

In leukemia

the blood has too many immature leukocytes the person has lowered resistance to infection the blood has too few platelets the person has a tendency to bleed and bruise (ALL OF THE ABOVE)

Mr.Smith moved from a low altitude to a high altitude and experienced an increase in RBCs. Which of the following caused this increase?

the lower oxygen concentration seen at higher altitudes

Hematocrit is

the percent of red blood cells in a blood sample

If an individual had a reduction in the number of platelets they would have

thrombocytopenia

A blood clot that forms abnormally in a blood vessel is a(n)

thrombus

Most strokes and heart attacks are caused by the abnormal clotting of blood in an unbroken vessel. Moreover, a piece of the _______________ (clot) may break loose and begin to travel in the bloodstream as a(n)____________________.

thrombus ; embolus

In edema

tissues swell with fluid

The first phase in hemostasis is

vascular spasm