A&P 2 Exam #1 Review

Which of the following descriptions pertaining to valves are ACCURATELY matched with it's location? 1. pulmonary semilunar valve - is the valve between left ventricle and aorta 2. tricuspid valve - is the valve between right atrium and right ventricle 3. bicuspid valve - valve between left atrium and left ventricle 4. aortic semilunar valve - valve between right ventricle and the pulmonary trunk

2 and 3

The most abundant plasma protein is the:

Albumins

During the cardiac cycle, just before atrial systole, but after ventricular diastole:

All four chambers are at rest and AV valves are open.

Which valve prevents backflow of blood into the left ventricle when the ventricles relax?

Aortic semilunar valve

Select the accurate description concerning the relationship between blood vessel lumen diameter and blood pressure:

As the size of the lumen diameter decreases -> resistance increases --> blood pressure increases

Imagine a patient who is losing large amount of blood and as a result has less stretch of their aorta with each heartbeat. Which of the following reflexes will occur in order to increase blood pressure?

Baroreceptors decrease firing along parasympathetic system, the cardioacceleratory center and vasomotor center increase firing, and heart rate increases and the blood vessels vasoconstrict

During atrial and ventricular plateau,

Ca2+ and K+ voltage-gated channels are open

The papillary muscles attach to the cusps of the atrioventricular valves by means of the:

Chordae tendineae

One of the functions of blood is to regulate fluid levels in the body. If too much fluid escapes from the bloodstream, enters the tissues and is not returned back to the cardiovascular system by the lymphatic system, blood pressure will:

Decrease

As blood moves from the arterial end to the venous end of a capillary, net filtration pressure:

Decreases

Place the answers in the correct order in the sentence based off the description. Fibrinolysis involves ____________________ of the fibrin framework, and it involves the enzyme ________________.

Degradation: plasmin

In an ECG, what does the P wave represent?

Depolarization of the atria

Oxygen and carbon dioxide are transported between the blood and interstitial fluid by way of:

Diffusion from areas of higher concentration to lower concentration

Which of the following is an ACCURATE statement concerning erythrocyte production?

Erythropoietin increases the rate of red blood cell production

Based off of the provided list, identify which of the following leukocytes are granulocytic? I. Neutrophils II. Eosinophils III. Lymphocytes IV. Monocytes V. Basophils VI. Erythrocytes

I, II, V

Sympathetic innervation of the heart: I. Increases the heart rate II. Decreases the heart rate III. Increases the force of contractions IV. Decreases the force of contractions

I, III

Which of the following statement(s) accurately characterizes blood flow in the human body? I. There is a 1 directional flow of blood through vessels. II. Arteries always carry oxygenated blood. III. Veins always carry deoxygenated blood. IV. Arteries carry blood away from the heart. V. Veins carry blood toward the heart.

I, IV, V

Which of the following answers accurately depicts the order of cell formation during Erythropoiesis? I. Proerythroblast II. Hematopoietic stem cell III. Reticulocyte IV. Erythrocyte

II, I, III, IV

Excitation of the vasomotor center results in:

Increased sympathetic activity involving vasoconstriction of the blood vessel, leading to increased blood pressure

A person with blood type AB- should NOT receive blood from a person with ________.

O+ nor AB+

The opening or closing of ALL heart valves is caused (directly or indirectly) by:

Pressure changes created during the alternating contraction and relaxation of the chambers during the cardiac cycle.

What does the T wave represent on an ECG?

Repolarization of both ventricles

Which of the following sentences provides the correct order of electrical stimulation through the heart's conduction system:

SA node, AV node, AV Bundle, Bundle Branches, Purkinje fibers

Which of the following statements pertaining to capillary beds is ACCURATE?

Sinusoids allow all components of the blood (i.e. formed elements, ions, and solutes) to be exchanged between the blood and the tissue.

The SA node spontaneously depolarizes to initiate cardiac muscle contraction.

TRUE

Which clotting pathway is activated when the blood vessel is injured from the outside of the blood vessel?

The extrinsic pathway

The formed element produced from megakaryocytes is the:

The formed element produced from megakaryocytes is the:

During ventricular systole:

The semilunar valves are open and the AV are valves close.

Atrial natriuretic peptide stimulates;

Vasodilation, increased urine output, and therefore decreased blood pressure

When an individual's blood clots to close a cut blood vessel,

a fibrin network is formed that traps formed elements

In a medical laboratory, antisera is used to determine an individual's blood type. You can determine a person's blood type because if the antigen specific to the antisera is present on the erythrocyte surface, the blood will?

agglutinate

Under normal conditions, blood pressure is highest in the

arteries

Contraction of cardiac muscle cells in the atria are stimulated to contract after which electrical event:

atrial depolarization

Precapillary sphincters will: a. Control blood flow into the true capillaries b. All of these answer are correct. c. Cause blood to flow directly from the metarteriole into the postcapillary venule. d. Close when the tissue's needs have been met

b

Which of the following is an accurate description of what occurs at the capillaries? a. fluid moves out (filtration) on the arteriole end of the capillary and in (reabsorption) on the venule end b. the amount of fluid leaving the arteriole end of a capillary is greater than the amount of fluid returning to the capillary on the venule end c. all of these events occur. d. the lymphatic vessels pick up 15% of the fluid in the interstitial space

c

Which of the following blood vessels is ACCURATELY paired with its functions:

capillaries - site of exchange between the blood and tissues (cells)

1,2,3,4,5, and 6

cerebrospinal fluid

Which statement is accurate? a. Platelets release chemicals that impair healing of the vessel wall b. Platelets remove clotting factors from the blood c. Platelets release chemicals that decrease vasoconstriction (inhibiting vascular spasms) d. Platelets release chemicals that increase vasoconstriction (enhancing vascular spasms)

d

Place the answers in the correct order in the sentence based off the description. _______ occurs on the arteriole end of a capillary and ____________ on the venule end of a capillary.

filtration : reabsorption

The heme in hemoglobin:

has an iron core

Scott was in a car accident and suffered a severe hemorrhage (i.e. blood loss from a blood vessel). In order for his body to restore homeostasis of blood pressure, his compensatory response probably did which of the following:

increased secretion of Angiotensin II by the renin/angiotensin system

If the colloid osmotic pressure decreases and all other pressures remain the same, this would result in:

less fluid being pulled back into the blood from the interstitial space

Leukocytes are composed of granulocytic and agranulocytic cells. Agranulocytic cells include:

lymphocytes and monocytes

Place the answers in the correct order in the sentence based off the description. Blood vessels are made of tunics. The tunica _____________ controls lumen diameter, the tunica _____________ comes into contact with blood, while the tunica ________________ contains the vasa vasorum.

media : intima : externa

Net filtration is determined by the hydrostatic and osmotic pressures in the blood and surrounding tissue (i.e. interstitial fluid). If the blood hydrostatic pressure increases and all other pressures remain the same, this would result in:

more fluid leaving the capillaries and entering the interstitial space

Which combination of blood types between the mother and father could result in hemolytic new born disease?

mother is B- and father is B+

A physician cuts open the heart as it lies in the body. The correct order of layers (superficial to deep) she would cut through would be:

pericardium, myocardium, endocardium

Place the answers in the correct order in the sentence based off the description. Blood colloid osmotic pressure is largely due to _______________________________ and promotes _________________________.

plasma proteins in the blood : reabsorption

Large doses of cocaine can lead to dangerous increases in heart rates. Such a stimulant is a:

positive chronotropic agent

Which of the following is anatomic structure is accurately matched with its function?

pulmonary trunk - receives blood from the right ventricle

Cardiac output equals the:

stroke volume x heart rate

Venous return of blood to the heart occurs due to pressure created by

the respiratory and the skeletal muscle pumps

Which of the following statements pertaining to the destruction of heme within the erythrocyte is ACCURATE?

urobilin is released in the urine

A network of small arteries called the ________________ provides a blood supply to the tunica externa of very large vessels.

vasa vasorum

The epicardium is another name for the:

visceral layer of serous pericardium

Changing the total amount of red blood cells (RBC's) within blood, affects which characteristic of blood?

viscosity

Which of the following statements about cardiac muscle are ACCURATE? 1. Cardiac muscle is striated 2. Cardiac muscle is innervated by the autonomic nervous system 3. Cardiac muscle is composed of branching cells that form the myocardium 4. Cardiac muscle has cells held together with desmosomes

1, 2, 3, 4

Given the following descriptions, which of the following statements are functions of the blood? 1. delivery of O2 to tissue cells for cellular respiration 2. transport of CO2 from cells that was produced during cellular respiration 3. transport of hormones 4. regulate blood pH through buffers 5. deliver heat to the body's tissues 6. protect the body from infection through the action of white blood cells

1,2,3,4,5, and 6