A&P 2 Exam 3

Given these structures: 1. perilymph 2. endolymph 3. vestibular membrane 4. vasilar membrane Which of the following arrangements lists the structures in the order sound waves coming from the outside sound waves coming from the outside encounter them in producing sound? a. 1,3,2,4 b. 1,4,2,3 c. 2,3,1,4 d. 2,4,1,3 e. 3,4,2,1

a. 1,3,2,4

Parathyroid hormone secretion increases in response to a. a decrease in blood calcium levels. b. increased production of parathyroid-stimulating hormone from the anterior pituitary. c. increased secretion of parathyroid-releasing hormone from the hypothalamus. d. increased secretion of calcitonin. e. decreased secretion of ACTH.

a. a decrease in blood calcium levels.

Immediately after the creation of an opening through the thorax into the pleural cavity, a. air flows through the hole and into pleural cavity. b. air flows through the hole and out of the pleural cavity. c. air flows neither out nor in. d. the lungs protrudes through the hole.

a. air flows through the hole and into the pleural cavity.

Which of the following statements concerning the preganglionic neurons of the ANS is true? a. all parasympathetic preganglionic neurons secrete acetylcholine. b. only parasympathetic preganglionic neurons secrete acetylcholine. c. all sympathetic preganglionic neurons secrete norepinephrine. d. only sympathetic preganglionic neurons secrete noepinephrine.

a. all parasympathetic preganglionic neurons secrete acetylcholine.

The spiral organ is within the: a. cochlear duct. b. scala vestibuli. c. scala tympani. d. vestibule. e. semicircular canal.

a. cochlear duct.

The ciliary body... a. contains smooth muscles that attach to the lens by suspensory ligaments. b. produces the vitreous humor. c. is part of the iris of the eye. d. is part of the sclera. e. all of these are correct.

a. contains smooth muscles that attach to the lens by suspensory ligaments.

When a hormone binds to a nuclear receptor a. dna produces mrna. b. g proteins are activated. c. the hormone receptor complex causes ion channels to open or close. d. the cell's response is faster than when a hormone binds to a membrane bound receptor. e. the hormone is usually a large, water soluble molecule.

a. dna produces mrna.

Which of these stimulates the secretion of ADH? a. elevated blood osmolality. b. decreased blood osmolality. c. release of hormones from the hypothalamus. d. acth e. increased blood pressure.

a. elevated blood osolality

The nasal cavity a. has openings for the paranasal sinuses. b. has a vestibule, which contains the olfactory epithelium. c. is connected to the pharynx by the nares. d. has passageways called conchae. e. is lined with squamous epithelium except for the vestibule.

a. has openings for the paranasal sinuses.

Concerning the half-life of hormones: A. lipid-soluble hormones generally have a longer half-life B. Hormones with a shorter half-life regulate activities with a slow onset and long duration. C. hormones with a shorter half-life are maintained at more constant levels in the blood D. lipid-soluble hormones are degraded rapidly by enzymes in the circulatory system. E. water-soluble hormones usually combine with plasma proteins.

a. lipid-soluble hormones generally have a longer half-life.

Which structure is a specialized receptor within the utricle? a. macula b. crista ampullaris c. spiral organ d. cupula

a. macula

A person with an abnormally powerful focusing system is _______ and uses a ____ to correct their vision. a. nearsighted, concave lens. b. nearsighted, convex lens. c. farsighted, concave lens. d. farsighted, convex lens.

a. nearsighted, convex lens.

The lens normally focuses on light onto the.. a. optic disc. b. iris. c. macula. d. cornea. e. ciliary body.

a. optic disc.

If parathyroid hormone levels increase, which of these conditions is expected? a. Osteoclast activity increases. b. calcium absorption from the small intestine is inhibitied. c. calcium reabsorption from the urine is inhibited. d. less active vitamin d forms in the kidneys e. all of these are correct.

a. osteoclast activity increases.

The white ramus communicans contains a. preganglionic sympathetic fibers. b. postganglionic sympathetic fibers. c. preganglionic parasympathetic fibers. d. postganglionic parasympathetic fibers.

a. preganglionic sympathetic fibers.

Glucagon a. primarily affects the liver. b. causes glycogen to be stored. c. causes blood glucose levels to decrease d. decreases lipid metabolism. e. performs all of these functions.

a. primarily affects the liver.

Down-regulation a. produces a decrease in the number of receptors in the target cells. b. produces an increase in target cells' sensitivity to a hormone. c. is found in target cells that respond to hormones that are maintained at constant levels. d. occurs partly because of an increase in receptor synthesis by the target cell. e. all of these are correct.

a. produces a decrease in the number of receptors in the target cells.

The chemosensitive area a. stimulates the respiratory center when blood co2 levels increase b. stimulates the respiratory center when blood pH increases. c. is located in the pons. d. stimulates the respiratory center when blood o2 levels increase e. all of these are correct

a. stimulates the respiratory center when blood co2 levels increase.

Concerning dark adaptation, a. the amount of rhodopsin increases b. the pupils constrict. c. it occurs more rapidly than light adaptation. d. all of these are correct.

a. the amount of rhodopsin increases.

Given the list of molecule types: 1. nucleic acid derivatives. 2. fatty acid derivatives. 3. peptides. 4. proteins. 5. phosopholipids. Which could be hormone molecules? a. 1,2,3 b. 2,3,4 c. 1,2,3,4 d. 2,3,4,5 3. 1,2,3,4,5

b. 2,3,4

Choose the statement that most accurately predicts the long term effect of exposure to a substance that prevents the active transport of iodide by the thyroid gland. a. Large amounts t3 and t4 accumulate within the thyroid follicles. b. the person exhibits hypothyroidism. c. the anterior pituitary secretes smaller amounts of TSH. d. the circulating levels of t3 and t4 increase.

b. The person exhibits hypothyroidism.

An increase in the loudness of sound occurs as a result of an increase in the ______ of the sound wave. a. frequency b. amplitude c. resonance d. both a and b are correct.

b. amplitude

Which of these is not a means by which hormones are eliminated from the circulatory system? a. excreted into urine or bile. b. bound to binding proteins c. enzymatically degraded in the blood (metabolism) d. actively transported into cells. e. conjugated with sulfate or glucuronic acid.

b. bound to binding proteins.

The parietal pleura a. covers the surface of the lung. b. covers the inner surface of the thoracic cavity. c. is the connective tissue partition that divides the thoracic cavity into right and left pleural cavities. d. covers the inner surface of the alveoli. e. is the membrane across which gas exchange occurs.

b. covers the inner surface of the thoracic cavity.

Which of these is (are) expected in cushing syndrome (hypersecretion of adrenal cortex hormones) a. loss of hair in women. b. deposition of adipose tissue in the face, neck, and abdomen. c. low blood glucose. d low blood pressure. e. all of these are correct.

b. deposition of adipose tissue in the face, neck, and abdomen.

Which of these hormones stimulates somatomedin secretion? a. fsh b. gh c. lh d. prolactin. e. tsh

b. gh

During expiration, the intra-alveolar pressure is a. lower than the pleural pressure. b. greater than the barometric pressure. c. lower than the barometric pressure. d. unchanged

b. greater than the barometric pressure.

Splanchnic nerves a. are part of the parasympathetic division. b. have preganglionic neurons that synapse in the collateral ganglia. c. exit from the cervical region of the spinal cord. d. travel from the spinal cord to the sympathetic chain ganglia. e. all of these are correct.

b. have preganglionic neurons that synapse in the collateral ganglia.

Growth hormone a. increases the usage of glucose b. increases the breakdown of lipids. c. decreases the synthesis of proteins. d. decreases the synthesis of glycogen e. all of these are correct.

b. increases the breakdown of lipids

When blood glucose levels increase, the secretion of which of these hormones increases? a. glucagon b. insulin c. GH d. cortisol e. epinephrine.

b. insulin.

The chloride shift a. promotes the transport of co2 in the blood. b. occurs when cl replaces hco3 within red blood cells. c. maintains electrical neutrality in red blood cells and the plasma. d. all of these are correct.

b. occurs when cl replaces hco3 within red blood cells.

Lipid-soluble hormones readily diffuse through capillary walls, whereas water-soluble hormones, such as proteins, must a. pass through capillary cells. b. pass through pores in the capillary endothelium. c. be moved out of the capillary by active transport. d. remain in the blood. e. be broken down to amino acid before leaving the blood.

b. pass through pores in the capillary endothelium.

The fibrous tunic of the eye includes the... a. conjunctiva. b. sclera. c. choroid. d. iris. e. retina

b. sclera

The oxygen hemoglobin dissociation curve is adaptive because it a. shifts to the right in the pulmonary capillaries and to the left in the tissue capillaries. b. shifts to the left in the pulmonary capillaries and to the right in the tissue capillaries c. does not shift

b. shifts to the left in the pulmonary capillaries and to the right in the tissue capillaries.

Given these ear bones: 1. incus, 2. malleus, 3. stapes. Choose the arrangement that lists the ear bones in order from the tympanic membrane to the inner ear. a. 1,2,3 b. 1,3,2 c. 2,1,3 d. 2,3,1 e. 3,2,1

c. 2,1,3

Given these events: 1. cAMP is synthesized. 2. The x subunit of g protein is activated. 3. Phosphodiesterase breaks down cAMP Choose the arrangement that lists the events in the order they occur after a hormone binds to a receptor. a. 1,2,3 b. 1,3,2 c. 2,1,3 d. 2,3,1 e. 3,2,1

c. 2,1,3

Given these neurons in the retina: 1. Bipolar cells 2. Ganglionic cells 3. Photoreceptor cells Choose the arrangement that lists the correct order of the cells encountered by light as it enters the eye and travels toward the pigmented layer of the retina. a. 1,2,3 b. 1,3,2 c. 2,1,3 d. 2,3,1 e. 3,1,2

c. 2,1,3

Given these areas of the retina: 1. macula 2. fovea centralis 3. optic disc 4. periphery of the retina. Choose the arrangement that lists the areas according to the density of cones, starting with the area that has the highest density of cones. a. 1,2,3,4 b. 1,3,2,4 c. 2,1,4,3 d. 2,4,1,3 e. 3,4,1,2

c. 2,1,4,3

Given these events 1. activation of cAMP 2. activation of genes. 3. alteration of enzyme activity Which of these events can occur when a hormone binds to a nuclear hormone receptor? a. 1 b. 1,2 c. 2,3 4, 1,2,3

c. 2,3

Given these lung volumes: 1. tidal volume = 500 mL 2. residual volume = 1000 mL 3. Inspiratory reserve volume = 2500 mL 4. Expiratory reserve volume = 1000 mL 5. Dead space = 1000 mL The vital capacity is a. 3000 ml b 3500 ml c. 4000 ml d. 5000 ml e. 6000 ml

c. 4000 ml

Melatonin a. is produced by the posterior pituitary. b. production increases as day length increases. c. inhibits the development of the reproductive system. d. increases GnRH secretion by the hypothalamus. e. decreases the tendency to sleep.

c. Inhibits the development of the reproductive system.

When acetylcholine binds to nicotinic receptors a. the cell's response is mediated by G proteins. b. the response can be excitatory or inhibitory. c. Na+ channels open. d. the binding occurs at the effectors. e. all of these are correct.

c. Na+ channels open.

Which of these events is expected if the sympathetic division is activated? a. secretion of watery saliva increases. b. tear production increases. c. air passageways dilate. d. glucose release from the liver decreases. e. all of these are correct.

c. air passageways dilate.

Alveolar ventilation is the a. tidal volume times the respiratory rate. b. minute volume plus the dead space. c. amount of air available for gas exchange in the lungs. d. vital capacity divided by the respiratory rate. e. inspiratory reserve volume times minute volume.

c. amount of air available for gas exchange in the lungs.

Blood o2 levels a. are more important than co2 levels in the regulation of respiration. b. need to change only slightly to cause a change in respiration. c. are detected by sensory receptors in the carotid and aortic bodies. d. all of these are correct.

c. are detected by sensory receptors in the carotid and aortic bodies.

Calcitonin a. is secreted by the parathyroid gland. b. levels increase when blood calcium levels decrease. c. causes blood calcium levels to decrease. d. insufficiency results in weak bone and tetany.

c. causes blood calcium levels to decrease.

Oxytocin is responsible for a. preventing milk letdown from the mammary glands. b. preventing goiter. c. causing contraction of the uterus. d. maintaining normal calcium levels. e. increasing metabolic rate.

c. causing contraction of the uterus.

A sudden increase in blood pressure a. initiates a sympathetic reflex that decreases heart rate. b. initiates a local reflex that decreases heart rate. c. initiates a parasympathetic reflex that decreases heart rate. d. both a and b are correct. e. both b and c are correct.

c. initiates a parasympathetic reflex that decreases heart rate.

Contraction of the bronchiolar smooth muscle has which of these effects? a. a smaller pressure gradient is required to get the same rate of airflow, compared with normal bronchioles. b. it increases airflow through the bronchioles. c. it increases resistance to airflow. d. it increases alveolar ventilation.

c. it increases resistance to airflow.

Contraction of the smooth muscle in the ciliary body causes the.. a. lens to flatten. b. pupil to constrict. c. lens to become more spherical. d. pupil to dilate.

c. lens to become more spherical.

In the condition in which a benign tumor results in hypersecretion of hormones from the adrenal medulla, expected symptoms include a. hypotension b. bradycardia c. pallor d. lethargy e. hypoglycemia

c. pallor

The rate of diffusion of a gas across the respiratory membrane increases as the a. respiratory membrane becomes thicker. b. surface area of the respiratory membrane decreases. c. partial pressure gradient of the gas across the respiratory membrane increases. d. diffusion coefficient of the gas decreases. e. all of these are correct.

c. partial pressure gradient of the gas across the respiratory membrane increases.

Which of these parts of the brainstem is correctly matched with its function? a. ventral respiratory groups - stimulate the diaphragm. b. dorsal respiratory groups - limit inflation in the lungs c. pontine respiratory groups - is involved in the switch between inspiration and expiration. d. all of these are correct

c. pontine respiratory groups - is involved in the switch between inspiration and expiration.

Which of the following is not a hormone produced by the ovaries? a. estrogen b. progesterone. c. prolactin d. inhibin e. relaxin

c. prolactin

LH and FSH a. are produced in the hypothalamus. b. production is increased by TSH. c. promote the production of gametes and reproductive hormones. d. inhibit the production of prolactin. e. all of these are correct

c. promote the production of gametes and reproductive hormones.

Which of these photoreceptor cells is not correctly matched with its funciton? a. rods - vision in low light b. cones - color vision c. rods - visual activity

c. rods - visual activity

During an asthma attack, a person has difficulty breathing because of constriction of the a. trachea b. bronchi c. terminal bronchioles d. alveoli e. respiratory membrane

c. terminal bronchioles

Damage to the semicircular canals affects the ability to detect a. sound b. the position of the head relative to the ground. c. the movement of the head in all directions. d. all of these are correct.

c. the movement of the head in all directions.

When comparing the endocrine system and the nervous system, the endocrine system generally a. is faster acting than the nervous system. b. produces effects that are shorter in duration. c. uses blood-borne chemical messengers. d. produces more localized effects. e. relies less on chemical messengers

c. uses blood-borne chemical messengers.

Carbon dioxide is mostly transported in the blood a. dissolved in plasma. b. bound to blood proteins. c. within hco3 d. bound to the heme portion of hemoglobin e. bound to the globin portion of hemoglobin

c. within hco3

In the retina are cones that are most sensitive to a particular color. Given this list of colors: 1. red 2. yellow 3. green 4. blue Indicate which colors correspond to specific types of cones. a. 2,3 b. 3,4 c. 1,2,3 d. 1,3,4 e. 1,2,3,4

d. 1,3,4

Given these events 1. the x subunit of a g protein interacts with ca channels 2. calcium ions diffuse into the cell. 3. the x subunit of a g protein is activated. Choose the arrangement that lists the events in the order they occur after a hormone binds to a receptor on a smooth muscle cell.

d. 3,1,2

Given these structures: 1. collateral ganglion 2. sympathetic chain ganglion 3. white ramus communicans 4. splanchnic nerve Choose the arrangement that lists the structures in the order an action potential travels through them on the way from a spinal nerve to an effector. a. 1,3,2,4 b. 1,4,2,3 c. 3,1,4,2 d. 3,2,4,1 e. 4,3,1,2

d. 3,2,4,1

Given these structures: 1. lens 2. aqueous humor 3. vitreous humor 4. cornea. Which of the following arrangements lists the structures in the order that light entering the eye encounters them? a. 1,2,3,4 b. 1,4,2,3 c. 4,1,2,3 d. 4,2,1,3 e. 4,3,2,1

d. 4, 2, 1, 3

Given these events: 1. Bipolar cells depolarize. 2. Glutamate release from presynaptic terminals of photoreceptor cells decreases. 3. Light strikes photorecpetor cells. 4. Photoreceptor cells are depolarized. 5. Photoreceptor cells are hyperpolarized. Choose the arrangement that lists the correct order of events, starting with the photoreceptor cells in the resting, nonactivated state. a. 1,2,3,4,5 b. 2,4,3,5,1 c. 3,4,2,5,1 d. 4,3,5,2,1 e. 5,3,4,1,2

d. 4,3,5,2,1

Compliance of the lungs and thorax a. is the volume by which the lungs and thorax change for each unit change of intra-alveolar pressure. b. increases in emphysema c. decreases because of lack of surfactant d. all of these are correct.

d. all of these are correct.

Hormones are released into the blood a. at relatively constant levels. b. in large amounts in response to a stimulus. c. in an episodic fashion. d. all of these are correct.

d. all of these are correct.

T3 and T4 a. require iodine for their production b. are made from the amino acid tyrosine. c. are transported in the blood bound to thyroxine-binding globulin. d. all of these are correct.

d. all of these are correct.

Normally, which of the following keeps the lungs from collapsing? a. surfactant b. pleural pressure c. elastic recoil d. both a and b are correct

d. both a and b are correct.

Within the pancreas, the pancreatic islets produce a. insulin b. glucagon c. digestive enzymes d. both a and b are correct. e. all of these are correct.

d. both a and b are correct.

Oxygen is mostly transported in the blood a. dissolved in plasma b. bound to blood proteins c. within hco3 d. bound to the heme portion of hemoglobin

d. bound to the heme portion of hemoglobin

The hypothalamohypophysical portal system a. contains one capillary bed. b. carries hormones from the anterior pituitary to the body. c. carries hormones from the posterior pituitary to the body. d. carries hormones from the hypothalamus to the anterior pituitary. e. carries hormones from the hypothalamus to the posterior pituitary.

d. carries hormones from the hypothalamus to the anterior pituitary.

Which of these is not a hormone secreted by the adrenal cortex a. aldosterone b. androgens c. cortisol d. epinephrine

d. epinephrine

Which of these structures is found within or is a part of the external ear? a. oval window b. auditory tube. c. ossicles d. external auditory canal e. cochlear duct

d. external auditory canal.

The adrenal medulla a. produces steroids. b. secretes cortisol as its major product. c. decreases its secretions during exercise. d. forms from a modified portion of the sympathetic division of the ANS e. all of these are correct

d. forms from a modifies portion of the sympathetic division of the ANS

The sympathetic division a. is always stimulatory. b. is always inhibitory. c. is usually under conscious control. d. generally opposes the actions of the parasympathetic division. e. both a and c are correct.

d. generally opposes the actions of the parasympathetic division.

Axons in the optic nerve from the right eye a. all go to the right occipital lobe. b. all go to the left occipital lobe. c. all go to the thalamus. d. go mostly to the thalamus, but some go to the superior colliculus. e. go partly to the right occipital love and partly to the left occipital lobe.

d. go mostly to the thalamus, but some go to the superior colliculus.

Which of these secretions does not decrease with aging of the endocrine system? a. gh secretions b. melatonin secretions. c. thyroid hormone secretion d. parathyroid hormone secretion

d. parathyroid hormone secretion

Sympathetic axons reach organs through all of the following except a. abdominopelvic nerve plexuses. b. head and neck nerve plexuses. c. thoracic nerve plexuses. d. pelvic splanchnic nerves. e. spinal nerves.

d. pelvic splanchnic nerves.

Terminal bronchioles branch to form a. the alveolar duct. b. alveoli c. bronchioles d. respiratory bronchioles.

d. respiratory bronchioles

Which of these is not a part of the enteric nervous system? a. ans motor neurons. b. neurons located only in the digestive tract. c. sensory neurons. d. somatic motor neurons.

d. somatic motor neurons.

Which of the following statements regarding the adrenal gland is true? a. The parasympathetic division stimulates the adrenal gland to release acetylcholine. b. The parasympathetic division stimulates the adrenal gland to release epinephrine. c. The sympathetic division stimulates the adrenal gland to release acetylcholine. d. The sympathetic division stimulates the the adrenal gland to release epinephrine.

d. the sympathetic division stimulates the adrenal gland to release epinephrine.

During quiet expiration, the a. abdominal muscles relax b. diaphragm moves inferiorly c. external intercostal muscles contract d. thorax and lungs passively recoil e. all of these are correct

d. thorax and lungs passively recoil

Which of these cranial nerves does not contain parasympathetic fibers? a. oculomotor b. facial c. glossopharyngeal d. trigeminal e. vagus

d. trigeminal

Interpretation of different sounds is possible because of the ability of the ____ to virbrate at different frequencies and stimulate the _____. a. vestibular membrane, vestibular nerve. b. vestibular membrane, spiral organ. c. vasilar membrane, vestibular nerve. d. vasilar membrane, spiral organ.

d. vasilar membrane, spiral organ.

Given these observations: 1. a hormone affects only a specific tissue (not all tissues) 2. a tissue can respond to more than one hormone. 3. some tissues respond rapidly to a hormone, whereas others take many hours to respond. Which of these observations can be explained by the characteristic of hormone receptors? a. 1 b. 1,2 c. 2,3 d. 1,3 e. 1,2,3

e. 1,2,3

Given these phrases: 1. neuron cell bodies in the nuclei of cranial nerves. 2. neuron cell bodies in the lateral gray horn of the spinal cord (t1-l2 and s2-s4) 3. two synapses between the cns and effectors 4. regulates smooth muscle. Which of the phrases are true for the ans? a. 1,3 b. 2,4 c. 1,2,3 d. 2,3,4 3. 1,2,3,4

e. 1,2,3,4

Given these events: 1. GTP is converted to gdp 2. the subunit separates the b and y units. 3. gdp is released from the x subunit. List the order in which the events occur after a hormone binds to a membrane bound receptor. a. 1,2,3 b. 1,3,2 c. 2,3,1 d. 3,2,1 e. 3,1,2

e. 3,1,2

Which of these hormones is not secreted into the hypothalamohypophysial portal system? a. ghrh b. trh c. pih d. GnRH e. ACTH

e. ACTH

Activated G proteins can a. cause ion channels to open or close. b. activate adenylate cyclase. c. inhibit the synthesis of cAMP. d. alter the activity of ip3 e. all of these are correct.

e. all of these are correct

Glucocorticois (cortisol) a. increase the breakdown of lipids. b. increases the breakdown of proteins c. increase blood glucose levels. d. decrease inflammation. e. all of these are correct.

e. all of these are correct.

Hypersecretion of growth hormone a. results in gigantism if it occurs in children. b. causes acromegaly in adults. c. increases the probability that a person will develop diabetes. d. can lead to severe atherosclerosis. e. all of these are correct.

e. all of these are correct.

If a person who has diabetes mellitus has forgotten to take an insulin injection, the symptoms that may soon appear include a. acidosis b. hyperglycemia c. increased urine production d. lethargy and fatigue. e. all of these are correct.

e. all of these are correct.

The larynx a. connects the oropharynx to the trachea. b. has three single and six paired cartilages. c. contains the vocal folds. d. contains the vestibular folds. e. all of these are correct.

e. all of these are correct.

The parasympathetic division a. is also called the craniosacral division. b. has preganglionic axons in cranial nerves. c. has preganglionic axons in pelvic splanchnic nerves. d. has ganglia near or in the wall of effectors. e. all of these are correct.

e. all of these are correct.

Which of these can limit a cell's response to a hormone? a. phosphodiesterase. b. converting gtp to gdp c. decreasing the number of receptors. d. blocking the binding site. e. all of these are corrects.

e. all of these are correct.

Which of these can regulate the secretion of hormones from an endocrine tissue? a. other hormones. b. negative feedback mechanisms. c. humoral substances in the blood. d. the nervous system. e. all of these are correct.

e. all of these are correct.

Nicotinic receptors are located in a. postganglionic neurons of the parasympathetic division. b. postganglionic neurons of the sympathetic division. c. membranes of skeletal muscle cells. d. Both and b are correct. e. all of these sites.

e. all of these sites.

Which of these structures is innervated almost exclusively by the sympathetic division? a. gi tract. b. heart c. urinary bladder. d. reproductive tract. e. blood vessels

e. blood vessels.

If aldosterone secretions increase a. blood potassium levels increase b. blood hydrogen levels increase. c. acidosis results. d. blood sodium levels decrease. e. blood volume increases

e. blood volume increases.

The cell bodies of the postganglionic neurons of the sympathetic division are located in the a. sympathetic chain ganglia. b. collateral ganglia. c. terminal ganglia. d. dorsal root ganglia. e. both a and b are correct.

e. both a and b are correct

The pituitary gland a. develops from the floor of the brain. b. develops from the roof of the mouth. c. is stimulated by neurohormones produced in the midbrain. d. secretes only 3 major hormones. e. both a and b are correct

e. both a and b are correct.

Which of these symptoms is associated with hyposecretion of thyroid hormones? a. HTN b. nervousness c. diarrhea d. weight loss with either normal or increased food intake. e. decreased metabolic rate.

e. decreased metabolic rate.

Which of these substances, produced by many body tissues, can promote inflammation, pain, and vasodilation of blood vessels? a. endorphins b. enkephalins c. thymosin d. epidermal growth factors e. prostaglandins

e. prostaglandins