A&P 2 final

Determine whether the following statement is true or false. The parasympathetic division increases sweat gland secretion. True False

False

The somatic motor division consists of somatic motor neurons that innervate cardiac, smooth, and skeletal muscle cells. True False

False

The parasympathetic nervous system is often known as the "rest and digest" division of the ANS. True False

True

Which of the following is not a result of the activation of the sympathetic nervous system? Vasodilation to the skeletal muscles Pupils dilate Vasodilation to the digestive organs Bronchioles dilate

Vasodilation to the digestive organs

Drugs known as beta-blockers may be useful in treating: benign prostatic hyperplasia. asthma. opiate withdrawal. a fast heart rate.

a fast heart rate.

The parasympathetic neurotransmitter at target organs is __________. dopamine epinephrine norepinephrine acetylcholine

acetylcholine

What neurotransmitter is released by both preganglionic and postganglionic parasympathetic neurons at their synapses? epinephrine norepinephrine both epinephrine and norepinephrine acetylcholine

acetylcholine

The labeled structure is the __________. brain stem adrenal medulla thyroid gland sweat gland

adrenal medulla- see adrenal gland with preganglionic neuron.

What is found between the preganglionic neuron and postganglionic neuron of a visceral reflex arc? central nervous system (CNS) target cell spinal cord autonomic ganglion

autonomic ganglion

Where does the cell body of the preganglionic neuron originate? postganglionic neuron target cell central nervous system (CNS) peripheral nervous system (PNS)

central nervous system (CNS)

Nicotinic and muscarinic receptors are classified as: adrenergic receptors. beta receptors. alpha receptors. cholinergic receptors.

cholinergic receptors.

What effect does the parasympathetic nervous system have on heart rate? at first decreases, then increases heart rate increases heart rate decreases heart rate no effect on heart rate

decreases heart rate

Postganglionic neurons of the autonomic nervous system __________. are afferent stimulate skeletal muscle stimulate preganglionic neurons have cell bodies located within autonomic ganglia

have cell bodies located within autonomic ganglia

A drug known as a beta-blocker should primarily affect: bronchodilation. heart rate. dilation of the pupils. sweating.

heart rate.

Which of the following is NOT an effect of the parasympathetic nervous system? increased sweat secretion decreased heart rate constriction of the pupil bronchoconstriction

increased sweat secretion

If a medication were able to selectively block nicotinic receptors on sympathetic postganglionic neurons, it would: enable stimulation of parasympathetic postganglionic receptors. enable stimulation of sympathetic postganglionic receptors. inhibit stimulation of sympathetic postganglionic receptors. Inhibit stimulation of parasympathetic preganglionic receptors.

inhibit stimulation of sympathetic postganglionic receptors.

Where are the ganglia of the parasympathetic nervous system located? near the parasympathetic preganglionic neuron close to the spinal cord near the cells or organ being innervated by parasympathetic postganglionic neurons close to the brain

near the cells or organ being innervated by parasympathetic postganglionic neurons

Which nervous system division works antagonistically to the sympathetic nervous system? central nervous system somatic nervous system sensory nervous system parasympathetic nervous system

parasympathetic nervous system

Which system works opposite to the sympathetic nervous system? central nervous system somatic nervous system sensory nervous system parasympathetic nervous system

parasympathetic nervous system

Where are autonomic ganglia located? brain central nervous system (CNS) peripheral nervous system (PNS) spinal cord

peripheral nervous system (PNS)

Cell bodies of ________ are located within autonomic ganglia, while their axons extend to target cells. postganglionic neurons sensory neurons interneurons preganglionic neurons afferent neurons

postganglionic neurons

In the last step of a visceral reflex arc, __________. afferent neurons take signal to the brain and spinal cord stimuli are integrated by the CNS motor impulses travel to autonomic ganglia postganglionic neurons stimulate target cells

postganglionic neurons stimulate target cells

Which of the following is NOT an organ innervated by the parasympathetic nervous system? salivary glands digestive glands lacrimal glands sweat glands

sweat glands

Nicotinic cholinergic receptors are found at __________. parasympathetic target organs sympathetic and parasympathetic ganglia sympathetic target organs parasympathetic ganglia only

sympathetic and parasympathetic ganglia

Where do the cell bodies of preganglionic neurons of the sympathetic nervous system originate? cranial nerves and the lumbar region of the spinal cord cervical region and sacral region of the spinal cord cranial nerves and the sacral region of the spinal cord thoracic and upper lumbar regions of the spinal cord

thoracic and upper lumbar regions of the spinal cord

Visceral reflex arcs do NOT control: heart rate. blood pressure. voluntary muscle functions. digestion.

voluntary muscle functions.

Susan suffers from irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and has repeated bouts of diarrhea. Her doctor has recommended Loperamide (Imodium) to help reduce the diarrhea. Loperamide inhibits the release of acetylcholine. Why would this drug be helpful in reducing the occurrence of diarrhea?

Acetylcholine is the main neurotransmitter of the parasympathetic nervous system, which is excitatory on the digestive system. Decreasing acetylcholine will decrease its activation, slow down muscle contractions in the digestive system, and help alleviate diarrhea.

Receptors that bind norepinephrine and epinephrine are known as: adrenergic. cholinergic. muscarinic. nicotinic.

Adrenergic

What do the parasympathetic and sympathetic nervous systems share in common? Both systems are divisions of the autonomic nervous system. Both systems have short preganglionic neurons and long postganglionic neurons. Both systems trigger the same motor response in target organs. Both systems are called the "rest and digest" division of the autonomic nervous system (ANS).

Both systems are divisions of the autonomic nervous system.

Where are cell bodies of preganglionic parasympathetic neurons located? Brainstem and sacral region of the spinal cord Thoracic and sacral regions of the spinal cord Brainstem and upper lumbar region of the spinal cord Thoracic and upper lumbar regions of the spinal cord

Brainstem and sacral region of the spinal cord

Which of the following effects is NOT one of the characteristic of the sympathetic nervous system action on its target cells? Dilation of the pupil Increase in heart rate Vasoconstriction Bronchoconstriction

Bronchoconstriction

If a drug is administered to block the heart's adrenergic receptors, how is heart rate affected during exercise? Heart rate will increase in response to the drug. The heart will stop beating. The drug has no effect on heart rate during exercise. Heart rate will be unable to increase in response to exercise.

Heart rate will be unable to increase in response to exercise.

Which of the following divisions of the nervous system is often called the "rest and digest" division of the nervous system? Somatic motor division Parasympathetic nervous system Sympathetic nervous system Visceral sensory division

Parasympathetic nervous system

Identify #3 in the figure. Postganglionic neuron Sympathetic Preganglionic neuron Parasympathetic

Postganglionic neuron- See pic comparing sympathetic and parasympathetic neurons.

Motor impulses are sent from the CNS to postganglionic neurons in step __________.

See diagram of visceral reflex arc.

What are the two major divisions of the autonomic nervous system (ANS)? Somatic sensory and visceral motor Parasympathetic and visceral motor Sympathetic and somatic sensory Sympathetic and parasympathetic

Sympathetic and parasympathetic

Why do individuals who suffer from brainstem injuries have difficulty with their autonomic functions? -The brainstem contains the autonomic centers and the cell bodies of many parasympathetic neurons that regulate autonomic responses. -The brainstem contains the hypothalamus, which regulates the autonomic nervous system and its functioning. -Autonomic functions are controlled by the cerebellum which communicates directly with the brainstem.

The brainstem contains the autonomic centers and the cell bodies of many parasympathetic neurons that regulate autonomic responses.

Where is a postganglionic cell located? The cell body comes before the ganglion; the axon also comes before the ganglion. The cell body comes after the ganglion; the axon comes before the ganglion. The cell body comes before the ganglion; the axon comes after the ganglion. The cell body is located in the ganglion; the axon comes after the ganglion.

The cell body is located in the ganglion; the axon comes after the ganglion.

What best characterizes the function of the parasympathetic nervous system? The parasympathetic nervous system prepares the body for physical activity. The parasympathetic nervous system maintains homeostasis when the body is at rest. The parasympathetic nervous system is the "fight or flight" system. The parasympathetic nervous system prepares the body for emergency situations.

The parasympathetic nervous system maintains homeostasis when the body is at rest.

Both preganglionic and postganglionic parasympathetic neurons release acetylcholine at their synapses. True False

True

Determine whether the following statement is true or false. The parasympathetic division increases secretions from the salivary glands. True False

True

Determine whether the following statement is true or false. The sympathetic division causes the adrenal medulla to release epinephrine and norepinephrine. False True

True

Determine whether the following statement is true or false. The sympathetic division increases heart rate. True False

True

The axons of parasympathetic postganglionic neurons are: situated within terminal ganglia. found close to the spinal cord. long. short.

short

Somatic motor neurons innervate: skeletal muscle cells. smooth muscle cells. cardiac muscle cells. glands.

skeletal muscle cells.

What two systems are interfaced by the adrenal medulla? parasympathetic nervous system and endocrine system somatic nervous system and autonomic nervous system parasympathetic nervous system and sympathetic nervous system sympathetic nervous system and endocrine system

sympathetic nervous system and endocrine system

What is responsible for keeping blood vessels partially constricted at all times? parasympathetic tone sympathetic tone cerebral cortex control somatic control

sympathetic tone

Which structure is highlighted? cardiac nerves sympathetic trunk right lymphatic duct thoracic duct

sympathetic trunk-see PAL

An accident destroyed the sympathetic ganglion housing the neurons that innervate David's heart. However, during exercise, his heart rate and blood pressure increase normally. This occurs because: the adrenal medulla remains undamaged and can secrete epinephrine and norepinephrine into the bloodstream to stimulate the heart. the vagus nerves are undamaged and can stimulate the heart to beat faster and increase blood pressure. the parasympathetic ganglia of the heart are undamaged and can secrete epinephrine and norepinephrine which will stimulate the heart. the parasympathetic ganglia of the heart are undamaged, and the neurons will secrete ACh, which is an excitatory neurotransmitter and will increase heart rate and blood pressure.

the adrenal medulla remains undamaged and can secrete epinephrine and norepinephrine into the bloodstream to stimulate the heart.

The adrenal medulla serves to supplement: the somatic nervous system. the parasympathetic nervous system. the sympathetic nervous system. both the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems.

the sympathetic nervous system.