A&P 2 Online Ch. 16 The endocrine System

Which of the following hormones is NOT important for fluid homeostasis?

Epinephrine

Secondary sex characteristics of females are stimulated by:

Estrogens

Which of the following is a gondatropin?

Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)

What is NOT a responsibility of insulin?

Gloconeogenesis and glycogenolysis

High levels of testosterone inhibit the release of:

Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH).

All target cells:

Have receptors to which hormones bind.

The body's tendency to maintain relatively constant internal conditions is called:

Homeostasis

chemical messengers released by endocrine glands to regulate some functions of other cells are known as:

Hormones

What type of hormone can cross the plasma membrane to bind a receptor in the cytosol or nucleus?

Hydrophobic Hormones

Where is the antidiuretic (ADH, or vasopressin) made? AKA the releasing and inhibiting hormone.

Hypothalamus

Which of the following is an effect of thyroid hormones T3 and T4?

Increase in the metablolic rate

What is NOT an effect of the parathyroid hormone (PTH)?

Increased osteoblast activity

When blood glucose levels increase, a hormone called insulin is released from endocrine cells in the pancreas. The role of insulin is to return blood glucose levels to normal. which part of this negative feedback loop is the stimulus?

Increasing blood glucose leves

Type 1 diabetes mellitus is caused by a lack of:

Insulin

Which hormone lowers blood glucose levels?

Insulin

What is NOT a primary effect of aldosterone?

Maintaining blood glucose

What of the following organs contains target cells for oxytocin?

Mammary Glands

The pineal gland procedures the hormone ________________.

Melatonin

What hormones are made by the posterior pituitary gland?

No hormones are made by the posterior pituitary gland.

Which hormone controls the milk-let-down reflex?

Oxytocin

With which gland does the hypothalamus have a close anatomical and physiological relationship?

Pituitary Gland

What is the main function of glucagon?

Raise blood glucose levels

what type of hormone is made from cholesterol?

Steroid hormones

Thymosin and thymopoietin assist in the maturation of:

T lymphocytes

Which of the following hormones will be elevated in at a patient with primary hypothyroidism, which results in a nonfunctional thyroid gland?

TSH

A liver cell responds to insulin by:

Taking in glucose and converting it to glycogen

Testosterone is produced by the:

Testes

Insulin is produced by the _______ cells of the pancreas.

beta

Excess cortisol could result in:

high blood glucose levels

From superficial to deep, the 3 layers of the adrenal cortex are:

zona glomerulosa, zona fasciculate, zona riticularis

Which of the following is NOT one of the functions of the endocrine system?

Controls memory and learning

One example of a hormone involved in the response to stress is __________________.

Cortisol

Which hormone acts as a potent anti-inflammatory agent?

Cortisol

Which hormone promotes gluconeogenesis as a way to increase blood glucose levels?

Cortisol

What element is necessary for the production of triiodothyronine (t3) and thyroxine (T4).

Iodine

What cells in the body respond to glucagon by breaking down glycogen and releasing glucose?

Liver cells

Body cells that respond to insulin include:

Liver cells, as well as most other cells of the body.

Hormones that control hormone secretion from other glands are known as:

Tropic Hormones

Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) promotes:

Vasodilation

What is the primary effect of antidiuretic hormone (ADH, or vasopressin)?

Water retention by the kidneys

What hormone is made by the parafollicular cells of the thyroid gland?

Calcitonin

What hormones are released from the adrenal medulla?

Catecholamines

The anterior pituitary hormone that controls the release of glucocorticoids from the adrenal cortex is_________________.

ACTH

Which of the following is a hormone released at the posterior pituitary?

ADH

Hypersecretion of growth hormones after epiphyseal plates closes causes a disorder known as:

Acromegaly

What does thyrotropin-releasing hormone target?

Anterior Pituitary (adenohypophysis)

When blood glucose levels are low:

The pancreas releases glucagon, which eventually causes blood glucose levels to increase.

When blood glucose levels are high:

The pancreas releases insulin

Which of the following hormones is important for T lymphocyte maturation?

Thymosin

What does thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) target?

Thyroid Gland

Which of the following glands is located in the anterior neck, just superficial to the larynx?

Thyroid Gland