A&P 2 Online Ch. 16 The endocrine System
Which of the following hormones is NOT important for fluid homeostasis?
Epinephrine
Secondary sex characteristics of females are stimulated by:
Estrogens
Which of the following is a gondatropin?
Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
What is NOT a responsibility of insulin?
Gloconeogenesis and glycogenolysis
High levels of testosterone inhibit the release of:
Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH).
All target cells:
Have receptors to which hormones bind.
The body's tendency to maintain relatively constant internal conditions is called:
Homeostasis
chemical messengers released by endocrine glands to regulate some functions of other cells are known as:
Hormones
What type of hormone can cross the plasma membrane to bind a receptor in the cytosol or nucleus?
Hydrophobic Hormones
Where is the antidiuretic (ADH, or vasopressin) made? AKA the releasing and inhibiting hormone.
Hypothalamus
Which of the following is an effect of thyroid hormones T3 and T4?
Increase in the metablolic rate
What is NOT an effect of the parathyroid hormone (PTH)?
Increased osteoblast activity
When blood glucose levels increase, a hormone called insulin is released from endocrine cells in the pancreas. The role of insulin is to return blood glucose levels to normal. which part of this negative feedback loop is the stimulus?
Increasing blood glucose leves
Type 1 diabetes mellitus is caused by a lack of:
Insulin
Which hormone lowers blood glucose levels?
Insulin
What is NOT a primary effect of aldosterone?
Maintaining blood glucose
What of the following organs contains target cells for oxytocin?
Mammary Glands
The pineal gland procedures the hormone ________________.
Melatonin
What hormones are made by the posterior pituitary gland?
No hormones are made by the posterior pituitary gland.
Which hormone controls the milk-let-down reflex?
Oxytocin
With which gland does the hypothalamus have a close anatomical and physiological relationship?
Pituitary Gland
What is the main function of glucagon?
Raise blood glucose levels
what type of hormone is made from cholesterol?
Steroid hormones
Thymosin and thymopoietin assist in the maturation of:
T lymphocytes
Which of the following hormones will be elevated in at a patient with primary hypothyroidism, which results in a nonfunctional thyroid gland?
TSH
A liver cell responds to insulin by:
Taking in glucose and converting it to glycogen
Testosterone is produced by the:
Testes
Insulin is produced by the _______ cells of the pancreas.
beta
Excess cortisol could result in:
high blood glucose levels
From superficial to deep, the 3 layers of the adrenal cortex are:
zona glomerulosa, zona fasciculate, zona riticularis
Which of the following is NOT one of the functions of the endocrine system?
Controls memory and learning
One example of a hormone involved in the response to stress is __________________.
Cortisol
Which hormone acts as a potent anti-inflammatory agent?
Cortisol
Which hormone promotes gluconeogenesis as a way to increase blood glucose levels?
Cortisol
What element is necessary for the production of triiodothyronine (t3) and thyroxine (T4).
Iodine
What cells in the body respond to glucagon by breaking down glycogen and releasing glucose?
Liver cells
Body cells that respond to insulin include:
Liver cells, as well as most other cells of the body.
Hormones that control hormone secretion from other glands are known as:
Tropic Hormones
Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) promotes:
Vasodilation
What is the primary effect of antidiuretic hormone (ADH, or vasopressin)?
Water retention by the kidneys
What hormone is made by the parafollicular cells of the thyroid gland?
Calcitonin
What hormones are released from the adrenal medulla?
Catecholamines
The anterior pituitary hormone that controls the release of glucocorticoids from the adrenal cortex is_________________.
ACTH
Which of the following is a hormone released at the posterior pituitary?
ADH
Hypersecretion of growth hormones after epiphyseal plates closes causes a disorder known as:
Acromegaly
What does thyrotropin-releasing hormone target?
Anterior Pituitary (adenohypophysis)
When blood glucose levels are low:
The pancreas releases glucagon, which eventually causes blood glucose levels to increase.
When blood glucose levels are high:
The pancreas releases insulin
Which of the following hormones is important for T lymphocyte maturation?
Thymosin
What does thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) target?
Thyroid Gland
Which of the following glands is located in the anterior neck, just superficial to the larynx?
Thyroid Gland
