A&P 2 Test 2: Chapter 19 Blood Vessels and Chapter 20 Lymphatic System and Lymphoid Organs and Tissues
Lymph capillaries are absent in all except which of the following?
digestive organs
The thymus is the only lymphoid organ that does not:
directly fight antigens
Lymph leaves a lymph node via
efferent lymphatic vessels
A family of peptides called ________ are released by the endothelium and are among the most potent vasoconstrictors known.
endothelins
Which lymphatic structure drains lymph from the right upper limb and the right side of the head and thorax?
erythrocytes
Select the correct statement about factors that influence blood pressure
excess red cell production would cause a blood pressure increase
Which of the following is not true regarding fenestrated capillaries?
fenestrated capillaries form the blood-brain barrier
Functions of the spleen include all of those below except ________.
forming crypts that trap bacteria
Which of the following are functions of lymphoid tissue/
house and provide a proliferation site for lymphocytes and furnish an ideal surveillance vantage point for lymphocytes and macrophages
Which of the choices below reflects the balance (or imbalance) between the direction and amount of fluid that flows across the capillary walls?
hydrostatic and osmotic pressure
The most common form of shock is
hypovolemic
Peyer's patches are found in the ________.
ileum, small intestine
Peripheral resistance
increases as blood viscosity increases
Blood flow to the skin
increases when environmental temperature rises
Cerebral blood flow is regulated by ________.
intrinsic autoregulatory mechanisms
Brain blood flow autoregulation ________.
is abolished when abnormally high CO2 levels persist
In the dynamics of blood flow through capillaries, hydrostatic pressure ________.
is the same as capillary blood pressure
Digestive tract-associated lymphatic tissue includes all of the following except___________.
islets of langerhans
Which of the following statements regarding the thymus is not true
it has follicles similar to those in the spleen
Highly specialized lymph capillaries called ________ are present in the villi of the intestinal mucosa.
lacteals
What do the ductus
ligamentum arteriosum; fossa ovalis
The tonsils located
lingual tonsils
Which of the choices below does not explain why low capillary pressures are desirable?
low blood pressure is associated with longer life span than high blood pressure
Large clusters of lymph nodes occur in all of the following locations except the ________.
lower extremities
The form of circ
shock that results from large-scale loss of blood volume, or after severe vomiting or diarrhea
The influence of blood vessel diameter on peripheral resistance is ________.
significant because resistance in inversely proportional to the fourth power of the vessel radius
Where in the body would you find low oxygen levels causing vasoconstriction and high levels causing vasodilation?
lungs
Small organs associated with lymphatic vessels are termed ________.
lymph nodes
Which cells become immunocompetent due to thymic hormones?
lymphocytes
Thymic corpuscles are always found in the lighter-colored___________ regions of the thymus.
medullary
Blood islands are embryonic cells from which germ cell layer?
mesoderm
The lymphatic capillaries are ________.
more permeable than blood capillaries
Which of the following blood pressure readings would be indicative of hypertension/
170/96 in a 50 yr old man
Normal average blood pressure for a newborn baby is ________.
90/55
If blood pressure is almost normal in a person who has lost blood, does that mean the tissues are receiving adequate blood flow?
not necessarily
Which of the following would not be classified as a lymphatic structure?
pancreas
Antibodies that act against a particular foreign substance are released by ________.
plasma cells
Which of the following is not a functions of the lymph node?
produce lymph fluid and cerebrospinal fluid
Which statement best describes arteries?
All carry blood away from the heart.
Select the correct statement about lymphocytes
B cells produce plasma cells, which secrete antibodies into the blood.
Select the correct statement about blood flow
Blood flow through the entire vascular system is equivalent to cardiac output.
Which of the following signs of hypovolemic shock is a relatively late sign?
rapidly falling blood pressure
Which of the following is not a normal component of lymph?
red blood cells
Permitting the exchange of nutrients and gases between the blood and tissue cells is the primary function of ________.
Capillaries
Which of the following is likely during vigorous exercise?
Capillaries of the active muscles will be engorged with blood.
The most common type of blood capillary is the
Continuous capillary
Which of the following is not one of the three main factors influencing blood pressure?
Emotional state
All the lymphoid organs are well developed before birth.
False
Arterial pressure in the pulmonary circulation is much higher than in the systemic circulation because of its proximity to the heart.
False
In the spleen, red pulp is involved in the immune functions and white pulp is involved in disposing of worn-out RBCs.
False
Like blood, lymph flows both to and from the heart.
False
Osmotic pressure is created by the presence in a fluid of small diffusible molecules that easily move through the capillary membrane.
False
Peyer's patches are clusters of lymphoid tissue found primarily in the large intestine.
False
The cisterna chyli collects lymph from the lumbar trunks draining the upper limbs and from the intestinal trunk draining the digestive organs.
False
The most important role of the spleen is to provide a site for lymphocyte proliferation and immune surveillance and response.
False
The pancreas is an example of an organ with arteries that do not anastomose.
False
The simplest lymphoid organs are the lymph nodes.
False
The thick-walled arteries close to the heart are called muscular arteries.
False
There are more efferent lymphatic vessels leaving a lymph node than there are afferent vessels entering a lymph node.
False
Vasodilation is a widening of the lumen due to smooth muscle contraction.
False
Which of the following processes provides a long term response to changes in blood pressure?
renal regulation
Which of the following statements regarding the hepatic portal system is false?
It branches off the Inferior Vena Cava
Select the correct statement about lymphoid tissue.
Lymphoid tissue is predominantly reticular connective tissue
The appendix, tonsils, and Peyer's patches are examples of ________.
MALT
The arteries that are also called distributing arteries are the ________.
Muscular arteries
Which of the following chemicals does not help regulate blood pressure?
Nitric acid
Aldosterone will ________.
Promote an increase in blood pressure
Which of the choices below explains why the arterioles are known as resistance vessels?
The contraction and relaxation of the smooth muscle in their walls can change their diameter.
A thrombus (blood clot) in the first branch of the arch of the aorta would affect the flow of blood to the ________.
right side of the head and neck and right upper arm
Which of the following are involved directly in pulmonary circulation/
right ventricle, pulmonary artery, and left atrium
A precapillary sphincter is a cuff of smooth muscle that regulates the flow of blood into the capillaries.
True
About 3 liters of fluid are lost to the tissue spaces every 24 hours and are returned to the bloodstream as lymph.
True
An increase in blood viscosity will cause an increase in peripheral resistance.
True
An obstruction in the superior vena cava would decrease the flow of blood from the head and neck to the heart.
True
Arteries supplying the same territory are often merged with one another, forming arterial anastomoses.
True
Because lymph vessels are very low-pressure conduits, movements of adjacent tissues are important in propelling lymph through the lymphatics.
True
Chyle is delivered to the blood via the lymphatic system.
True
Digested fats are absorbed from the intestine by the lymph capillaries.
True
Every minute, about 1.5 ml of fluid leaks out of the capillaries.
True
Hypotension is generally considered systolic blood pressure that is below 100 mm Hg.
True
If even a small part of the spleen is left in a ten-year-old child, it will most likely regenerate itself.
True
Lymph capillary permeability
True
Lymphatic capillaries are permeable to proteins
True
Lymphocytes reside temporarily in lymphoid tissue, then move to other parts of the body.
True
Lymphoid tissue is mainly reticular connective tissue.
True
The adjustment of blood flow to each tissue in proportion to its requirements at any point in time is termed autoregulation.
True
The azygos vein originates in the abdomen.
True
The carotid sinus reflex protects the blood supply to the brain, whereas the aortic reflex is more concerned with maintaining adequate blood pressure in the systemic circuit as a whole.
True
The cerebral arterial circle (circle of Willis) is an arterial anastomosis.
True
The lymphatic capillaries function to absorb the excess protein-containing interstitial fluid and return it to the bloodstream.
True
The outer most layer of a blood vessel is the tunica intima.
True
The pulmonary circulation does no directly serve the metabolic needs of body tissues.
True
When tissues are inflamed, lymphatic capillaries develop openings that permit uptake of large particles such as cell debris, pathogens, and cancer cells.
True
Whereas diffusion is more important for solute exchange between plasma and interstitial fluid, bulk flow is more important for regulation of the relative volumes of blood and interstitial fluid.
True
Which tunic of an artery is most responsible for maintaining blood pressure and continuous blood circulation?
Tunica media
Which of the following is true about veins?
Veins are called capacitance vessels or blood reservoirs.
When the lymphatic structures of a limb are blocked due to tumors, the result is ________.
severe localized edema distal to the blockage of that limb
Which of the following would not result in the dilation of the feeder arterioles and opening of the precapillary sphincters in systemic capillary beds?
a local increase in pH
The term ductus venosus refers to ________.
a special fetal vessel that allows umbilical blood to bypass the liver
Arteriolar blood pressure increases in response to all but which of the following?
all of these
The short-term controls of blood pressure, mediated by the nervous system and bloodborne chemicals, primarily operate via all but which of the following?
altering blood volume
What is a bubo?
an infected lymph node
Arterial ________ provide alternate pathways for blood to get to an organ.
anastomoses
The arteries that directly feed into the capillary beds are called ________.
arterioles
Secondary hypertension can be caused by
arteriosclerosis
The ________ in the carotid sinuses and aortic arch detect increases in blood pressure.
baroreceptors
Which of the choices below does not involve tissue perfusion?
blood clotting
Which of the following is the most significant source of blood flow resistance?
blood vessel diameter
The internal carotid arteries supply the _______ with blood
brain
Which of the following is not a method that maintains lymph flow?
capillary smooth muscle contraction
The baroreceptors in the car
changes in arterial pressure
The thymus is most active during ________.
childhood
Tonsils have blind-ended structures called ________.
crypts
The _____ veins drain the gall bladder.
cystic
A patient with essential hypertension might have pressures of 200/120 mm Hg. This hypertensive state could result in all of the following changes except ________.
decreased size of the heart muscle
Modified capillaries that are lined with phagocytes are called ________.
sinusoids
The velocity of blood flow is
slowest in the capillaries because the total cross-sectional area is the greatest
Lymph transport involves all but which of the following?
smooth muscle contraction in the lymph capillary walls
Branches of the celiac trunk include the common hepatic, left gastric, and ________ arteries.
splenic
The pulse pressure is
systolic pressure minus diastolic pressure
Mechanisms that do not help regulate blood pressure include ________.
the dural sinus reflex
A sentinel node is
the first node to receive lymph from an area suspected to be cancerous
Which of the following do not influence arterial pulse rate?
the vessel selected to palpate
The left subclavian artery is the __________ major branch of the aortic arch
third
Which of the following does not contain a mucosa-associated lymphatic tissue.
thymus
Lymphoid tissue that appears as a swelling of the mucosa in the oral cavity is called a(n) ________.
tonsil
The_______are the simplest lymphoid organs and are found at the entrance of the pharynx.
tonsils
Which of the following is not a function of the lymphatic system
transporting respiratory gases
Lymphatic ________ are formed from the union of the largest collecting vessels.
trunks
Histologically, the ________ is squamous epithelium supported by a sparse connective tissue layer.
tunica intima
Factors that aid
urinary output
The type of circulatory shock due to abnormal expansion of blood vessels and a rapid drop in blood pressure is _______-
vascular
Which of the following is a type of circulatory shock?
vascular, due to extreme vasodilation as a result of loss of vasomotor tone
Splenic ________ pulp is primarily concerned with immune functions of the spleen.
white
The ________ pulp of the spleen forms cuffs around the central arteries.
white
