A&P 2 Test 2: Chapter 19 Blood Vessels and Chapter 20 Lymphatic System and Lymphoid Organs and Tissues

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Lymph capillaries are absent in all except which of the following?

digestive organs

The thymus is the only lymphoid organ that does not:

directly fight antigens

Lymph leaves a lymph node via

efferent lymphatic vessels

A family of peptides called ________ are released by the endothelium and are among the most potent vasoconstrictors known.

endothelins

Which lymphatic structure drains lymph from the right upper limb and the right side of the head and thorax?

erythrocytes

Select the correct statement about factors that influence blood pressure

excess red cell production would cause a blood pressure increase

Which of the following is not true regarding fenestrated capillaries?

fenestrated capillaries form the blood-brain barrier

Functions of the spleen include all of those below except ________.

forming crypts that trap bacteria

Which of the following are functions of lymphoid tissue/

house and provide a proliferation site for lymphocytes and furnish an ideal surveillance vantage point for lymphocytes and macrophages

Which of the choices below reflects the balance (or imbalance) between the direction and amount of fluid that flows across the capillary walls?

hydrostatic and osmotic pressure

The most common form of shock is

hypovolemic

Peyer's patches are found in the ________.

ileum, small intestine

Peripheral resistance

increases as blood viscosity increases

Blood flow to the skin

increases when environmental temperature rises

Cerebral blood flow is regulated by ________.

intrinsic autoregulatory mechanisms

Brain blood flow autoregulation ________.

is abolished when abnormally high CO2 levels persist

In the dynamics of blood flow through capillaries, hydrostatic pressure ________.

is the same as capillary blood pressure

Digestive tract-associated lymphatic tissue includes all of the following except___________.

islets of langerhans

Which of the following statements regarding the thymus is not true

it has follicles similar to those in the spleen

Highly specialized lymph capillaries called ________ are present in the villi of the intestinal mucosa.

lacteals

What do the ductus

ligamentum arteriosum; fossa ovalis

The tonsils located

lingual tonsils

Which of the choices below does not explain why low capillary pressures are desirable?

low blood pressure is associated with longer life span than high blood pressure

Large clusters of lymph nodes occur in all of the following locations except the ________.

lower extremities

The form of circ

shock that results from large-scale loss of blood volume, or after severe vomiting or diarrhea

The influence of blood vessel diameter on peripheral resistance is ________.

significant because resistance in inversely proportional to the fourth power of the vessel radius

Where in the body would you find low oxygen levels causing vasoconstriction and high levels causing vasodilation?

lungs

Small organs associated with lymphatic vessels are termed ________.

lymph nodes

Which cells become immunocompetent due to thymic hormones?

lymphocytes

Thymic corpuscles are always found in the lighter-colored___________ regions of the thymus.

medullary

Blood islands are embryonic cells from which germ cell layer?

mesoderm

The lymphatic capillaries are ________.

more permeable than blood capillaries

Which of the following blood pressure readings would be indicative of hypertension/

170/96 in a 50 yr old man

Normal average blood pressure for a newborn baby is ________.

90/55

If blood pressure is almost normal in a person who has lost blood, does that mean the tissues are receiving adequate blood flow?

not necessarily

Which of the following would not be classified as a lymphatic structure?

pancreas

Antibodies that act against a particular foreign substance are released by ________.

plasma cells

Which of the following is not a functions of the lymph node?

produce lymph fluid and cerebrospinal fluid

Which statement best describes arteries?

All carry blood away from the heart.

Select the correct statement about lymphocytes

B cells produce plasma cells, which secrete antibodies into the blood.

Select the correct statement about blood flow

Blood flow through the entire vascular system is equivalent to cardiac output.

Which of the following signs of hypovolemic shock is a relatively late sign?

rapidly falling blood pressure

Which of the following is not a normal component of lymph?

red blood cells

Permitting the exchange of nutrients and gases between the blood and tissue cells is the primary function of ________.

Capillaries

Which of the following is likely during vigorous exercise?

Capillaries of the active muscles will be engorged with blood.

The most common type of blood capillary is the

Continuous capillary

Which of the following is not one of the three main factors influencing blood pressure?

Emotional state

All the lymphoid organs are well developed before birth.

False

Arterial pressure in the pulmonary circulation is much higher than in the systemic circulation because of its proximity to the heart.

False

In the spleen, red pulp is involved in the immune functions and white pulp is involved in disposing of worn-out RBCs.

False

Like blood, lymph flows both to and from the heart.

False

Osmotic pressure is created by the presence in a fluid of small diffusible molecules that easily move through the capillary membrane.

False

Peyer's patches are clusters of lymphoid tissue found primarily in the large intestine.

False

The cisterna chyli collects lymph from the lumbar trunks draining the upper limbs and from the intestinal trunk draining the digestive organs.

False

The most important role of the spleen is to provide a site for lymphocyte proliferation and immune surveillance and response.

False

The pancreas is an example of an organ with arteries that do not anastomose.

False

The simplest lymphoid organs are the lymph nodes.

False

The thick-walled arteries close to the heart are called muscular arteries.

False

There are more efferent lymphatic vessels leaving a lymph node than there are afferent vessels entering a lymph node.

False

Vasodilation is a widening of the lumen due to smooth muscle contraction.

False

Which of the following processes provides a long term response to changes in blood pressure?

renal regulation

Which of the following statements regarding the hepatic portal system is false?

It branches off the Inferior Vena Cava

Select the correct statement about lymphoid tissue.

Lymphoid tissue is predominantly reticular connective tissue

The appendix, tonsils, and Peyer's patches are examples of ________.

MALT

The arteries that are also called distributing arteries are the ________.

Muscular arteries

Which of the following chemicals does not help regulate blood pressure?

Nitric acid

Aldosterone will ________.

Promote an increase in blood pressure

Which of the choices below explains why the arterioles are known as resistance vessels?

The contraction and relaxation of the smooth muscle in their walls can change their diameter.

A thrombus (blood clot) in the first branch of the arch of the aorta would affect the flow of blood to the ________.

right side of the head and neck and right upper arm

Which of the following are involved directly in pulmonary circulation/

right ventricle, pulmonary artery, and left atrium

A precapillary sphincter is a cuff of smooth muscle that regulates the flow of blood into the capillaries.

True

About 3 liters of fluid are lost to the tissue spaces every 24 hours and are returned to the bloodstream as lymph.

True

An increase in blood viscosity will cause an increase in peripheral resistance.

True

An obstruction in the superior vena cava would decrease the flow of blood from the head and neck to the heart.

True

Arteries supplying the same territory are often merged with one another, forming arterial anastomoses.

True

Because lymph vessels are very low-pressure conduits, movements of adjacent tissues are important in propelling lymph through the lymphatics.

True

Chyle is delivered to the blood via the lymphatic system.

True

Digested fats are absorbed from the intestine by the lymph capillaries.

True

Every minute, about 1.5 ml of fluid leaks out of the capillaries.

True

Hypotension is generally considered systolic blood pressure that is below 100 mm Hg.

True

If even a small part of the spleen is left in a ten-year-old child, it will most likely regenerate itself.

True

Lymph capillary permeability

True

Lymphatic capillaries are permeable to proteins

True

Lymphocytes reside temporarily in lymphoid tissue, then move to other parts of the body.

True

Lymphoid tissue is mainly reticular connective tissue.

True

The adjustment of blood flow to each tissue in proportion to its requirements at any point in time is termed autoregulation.

True

The azygos vein originates in the abdomen.

True

The carotid sinus reflex protects the blood supply to the brain, whereas the aortic reflex is more concerned with maintaining adequate blood pressure in the systemic circuit as a whole.

True

The cerebral arterial circle (circle of Willis) is an arterial anastomosis.

True

The lymphatic capillaries function to absorb the excess protein-containing interstitial fluid and return it to the bloodstream.

True

The outer most layer of a blood vessel is the tunica intima.

True

The pulmonary circulation does no directly serve the metabolic needs of body tissues.

True

When tissues are inflamed, lymphatic capillaries develop openings that permit uptake of large particles such as cell debris, pathogens, and cancer cells.

True

Whereas diffusion is more important for solute exchange between plasma and interstitial fluid, bulk flow is more important for regulation of the relative volumes of blood and interstitial fluid.

True

Which tunic of an artery is most responsible for maintaining blood pressure and continuous blood circulation?

Tunica media

Which of the following is true about veins?

Veins are called capacitance vessels or blood reservoirs.

When the lymphatic structures of a limb are blocked due to tumors, the result is ________.

severe localized edema distal to the blockage of that limb

Which of the following would not result in the dilation of the feeder arterioles and opening of the precapillary sphincters in systemic capillary beds?

a local increase in pH

The term ductus venosus refers to ________.

a special fetal vessel that allows umbilical blood to bypass the liver

Arteriolar blood pressure increases in response to all but which of the following?

all of these

The short-term controls of blood pressure, mediated by the nervous system and bloodborne chemicals, primarily operate via all but which of the following?

altering blood volume

What is a bubo?

an infected lymph node

Arterial ________ provide alternate pathways for blood to get to an organ.

anastomoses

The arteries that directly feed into the capillary beds are called ________.

arterioles

Secondary hypertension can be caused by

arteriosclerosis

The ________ in the carotid sinuses and aortic arch detect increases in blood pressure.

baroreceptors

Which of the choices below does not involve tissue perfusion?

blood clotting

Which of the following is the most significant source of blood flow resistance?

blood vessel diameter

The internal carotid arteries supply the _______ with blood

brain

Which of the following is not a method that maintains lymph flow?

capillary smooth muscle contraction

The baroreceptors in the car

changes in arterial pressure

The thymus is most active during ________.

childhood

Tonsils have blind-ended structures called ________.

crypts

The _____ veins drain the gall bladder.

cystic

A patient with essential hypertension might have pressures of 200/120 mm Hg. This hypertensive state could result in all of the following changes except ________.

decreased size of the heart muscle

Modified capillaries that are lined with phagocytes are called ________.

sinusoids

The velocity of blood flow is

slowest in the capillaries because the total cross-sectional area is the greatest

Lymph transport involves all but which of the following?

smooth muscle contraction in the lymph capillary walls

Branches of the celiac trunk include the common hepatic, left gastric, and ________ arteries.

splenic

The pulse pressure is

systolic pressure minus diastolic pressure

Mechanisms that do not help regulate blood pressure include ________.

the dural sinus reflex

A sentinel node is

the first node to receive lymph from an area suspected to be cancerous

Which of the following do not influence arterial pulse rate?

the vessel selected to palpate

The left subclavian artery is the __________ major branch of the aortic arch

third

Which of the following does not contain a mucosa-associated lymphatic tissue.

thymus

Lymphoid tissue that appears as a swelling of the mucosa in the oral cavity is called a(n) ________.

tonsil

The_______are the simplest lymphoid organs and are found at the entrance of the pharynx.

tonsils

Which of the following is not a function of the lymphatic system

transporting respiratory gases

Lymphatic ________ are formed from the union of the largest collecting vessels.

trunks

Histologically, the ________ is squamous epithelium supported by a sparse connective tissue layer.

tunica intima

Factors that aid

urinary output

The type of circulatory shock due to abnormal expansion of blood vessels and a rapid drop in blood pressure is _______-

vascular

Which of the following is a type of circulatory shock?

vascular, due to extreme vasodilation as a result of loss of vasomotor tone

Splenic ________ pulp is primarily concerned with immune functions of the spleen.

white

The ________ pulp of the spleen forms cuffs around the central arteries.

white


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