A&P Block 3 Exam

From which structures do oxygen molecules move from the lungs to the blood?

Alveoli

Which ventilates alveoli more effectively: slow, deep breaths or rapid, shallow breaths? Explain. (Module 21.11C).

Slow, deep breaths because a smaller amount of tidal volume of each breath is spent moving air into and out of the anatomic dead space

The process be which dissolved gases are exchanged between the blood and interstitial fluids is

internal respiration

Hemoglobin

is a protein that can bind four molecule of oxygen

After blood becomes oxygenated

it returns to the heart and is then pumped to body cells

The pneumotaxic center of the pons

modifies the rate and depth of breathing

Emphysema

occurs due to the destruction of alveolar surfaces and inadequate surface area for oxygen and carbon dioxide exchange.

During inhalation

the diaphragm and rib muscles contract

When the diaphragm and extenral intercostal muscles contract,

the volume of the thorax increases

If a patient being tested inhales as deeply as possible and then exhales as much as possible, the volume of air expelled would be the patients

vital capacity

The most important chemical regulator of respiration is

carbon dioxide

The apneustic centers promote quiet inhalation by stimulating the

dorsal respiratory (DRG)

Explain the relationship among BPG, oxygen, and hemoglobin. (Module 21.13C)

BPG is a compound generated by RBCs that decreased hemoglobin's affinity for oxygen. If the concentration of BPG increases, the amount of oxygen released by hemoglobin will increase.

Are chemoreceptors more sensitive to blood CO2 levels or blood O2 levels? (Module 21.17A)

Blood CO2 levels

Compare dysplasia, metaplasia, neoplasia, and anaplasia (Module 21.18C)

Dysplasia is the development of abnomral cells, metaplasia, is the development of abnomral changes in tissue structure, neoplasia is the conversion of normal cells to tumor cells, and anaplasia is the spread of malignant cells throughout the body

Which of the following is defined as the amount of air remaining in the lungs after one had completed a quiet respiratory cycle?

Functional residual capacity (FRC)

Which of the following statements is true regarding partial pressure and the diffusion of gases in the body?

In internal respiration, the PCO2 in the systemic capillary is 40, while the PCO2 in the interstitial fluid is 45.

Which statement is correct?

In the blood, oxygen is bound to hemoglobin, a protein found in red blood cells

During exercise, hemoglobin releases more oxygen to active skeletal muscles than it does when those muscles are at rest. Why? (Module 21.13B)

Increased temperature and decreased pH generated by active skeletal muscles cause hemoglobin to release more oxygen during exercise than when the muscles are at rest.

Which of the following statements about the chloride shift is FALSE?

It causes RBCs to swell

Which of the following statements regarding tobacco smoking and lung damage is true?

Neoplasi is not reversible, even if the person stops smoking, but can be treated by surgery

What is true regarding the compliance of the lungs?

The lower the compliance, the less easily air flows along the conducting passages

The amount of air that moves into the respiratory system during a single respiratory cycle under resting conditions

Tidal volume

Most of the carbon dioxide in the blood is transported as

bicarbonate ions