A&P Ch. 5&6
The type of intercellular junction that functions as a rivet or "spot weld" is a(n) A. desmosome B. gap junction C. tight junction D. ion channel
A
We enjoy sunbathing because it stimulates keratinocytes to release A. beta endorphin. B. collagen. C. carotene. D. keratin.
A
xposure to ultraviolet light darkens skin by stimulating synthesis of A. melanin. B. carotene. C. hemoglobin. D. cyanin.
A
Injections that are administered into the tissues of the skin are called A. subcutaneous. B. intradermal. C. intramuscular. D. hypodermic.
B
Which of the following characteristics is used to name tissue types? A. Location in the body B. Number of inclusions C. Organization of cells D. Number of mitochondria
C
Which of the following happens first after a scab forms? A. phagocytic cells remove dead material. B. the scab sloughs off. C. fibroblasts from the wound edge form new collagenous fibers. D. blood vessels send out new branches under the scab.
C
Which of the following is not a characteristic of nervous tissue? A. It is found in the brain and spinal cord. B. Some of its cells send electrochemical messages. C. Its intercellular space is filled with collagen. D. Its cells sense changes in their surroundings.
C
Which of the following is not correct concerning the skin? A. The dermis is usually thicker than the epidermis. B. The epidermis is composed of stratified squamous epithelium. C. The subcutaneous layer is between the dermis and the epidermis. D. The dermis contains smooth muscle and nervous tissue.
C
Which of the following is not one of the four basic types of body tissues? A. Epithelial tissue B. Connective tissue C. Eye tissue D. Muscle tissue
C
You step out of the shower and vigorously rub your skin with a towel. If you were able to analyze the towel, you would find skin cells. They are most likely A. subcutaneous layer cells. B. from the dermis. C. keratinized epidermal cells. D. fibroblasts.
C
_______ produce connective tissue fibers. A. Macrophages B. Mast cells C. Fibroblasts D.osteoclasts
C
. Collagen is a major component of A. bone. B. ligaments and tendons. C. connective tissue. D. all of the above.
D
A _______ membrane lines tubes and cavities that open to the outside of the body. A. serous B. cutaneous C. synovial D. mucous
D
The advantage of cryo-electron tomography is that it A. enables cells to divide continually. B. is cheaper than other methods. C. provides a static view of the skin. D. preserves intercellular junctions.
D
The arrector pili muscle is attached to A. the nail bed. B. a sebaceous gland. C. the hypodermis. D. a hair follicle.
D
The dermis is composed largely of A. stratified columnar epithelium. B. dense regular connective tissue. C. stratified squamous epithelium. D. dense irregular connective tissue.
D
The epidermis A. retains water in deeper skin layers. B. keeps out harmful chemicals and pathogens. C. protects the skin against mechanical injury. D. all of the above.
D
The functions of skin include A. acting as a protective covering. B. housing sensory receptors. C. regulating body temperature. D. all of the above.
D
The hardness of a nail comes from A. carotene. B. collagen. C. calcium. D. keratin.
D
The layer of the epidermis that includes melanocytes and a single row of columnar cells that undergo mitosis is the A. stratum corneum. B. stratum granulosum. C. stratum spinosum. D. stratum basale.
D
"Cutaneous membrane" refers to A. skin. B. bones. C. cartilage. D. mucus.
A
14. A carcinoma is a cancer originating from A. epithelium. B. connective tissue. C. muscle tissue. D. nerve tissue.
A
A (An) ______ gland does not branch before reaching the glandular cells or secretory part. A. simple B. compound C. tubular D. alveolar
A
A burn affecting only the epidermis is a A. superficial partial-thickness burn. B. deep partial-thickness burn. C.second-degree burn. D.third-degree burn.
A
A general characteristic of connective tissue is that it A. consists of cells with much extracellular material. B. has no blood supply. C. covers the outside of organs. D. lines organs.
A
A serous membrane consists of a A. layer of simple squamous epithelium and a thin layer of areolar tissue. B. layer of pseudostratified epithelium and a thick layer of areolar tissue. C. layer of simple squamous epithelium and a thick layer of dense connective tissue. D. layer of simple squamous epithelium and a thick layer of cartilage.
A
About 90% of all cancers originate from A. epithelium. B. connective tissue . C. muscle tissue . D. nervous tissue.
A
Accessory structures of the skin originate from the A. epidermis. B. basement membrane. C. dermis. D. subcutaneous layer.
A
Cutaneous melanomas are associated with A. short exposure to high-intensity sunlight. B. prolonged exposure to low-intensity sunlight. C. occasional exposure to X-rays. D. exposure to background radiation
A
Epithelial tissue functions in A. recreation, absorption, and protection B. contraction, movement, and reflexes C. reacting to stimuli, thinking, and remembering D. nourishing and hydrating tissues
A
Extracellular matrix consists of A. ground substance and protein fibers. B. fixed cells and wandering cells. C. heparin and keratin. D. lacunae and lamellae.
A
In a condition called incontinentia pigmenti, the skin has deep dark splotches, due to melanin that seeps down into the dermis. Normally, melanin is confined to the A. epidermis. B. basement membrane. C. papillae. D. hair.
A
In areas of the skin where the epidermis is thin, the ________ may be absent. A. stratum lucidum B. stratum granulosum C. stratum corneum D. stratum basale
A
In the inherited disease ichythyosis, the skin is rough, brown, and very scaly because the uppermost layer cannot peel off as easily as skin normally does. The part of the skin that is affected is the A. epidermis. B. basement membrane. C. dermis. D. subcutaneous layer.
A
Inflammation makes skin A. red, swollen and painful to touch. B. cool and clammy. C. secrete abundant antibodies. D. peel off.
A
Intercellular junctions connect A. cell membranes B. cell nuclei C. blood cells D. microtubules
A
Reddened skin reflects A. dilated blood vessels with more blood entering the dermis. B. eating too many carrots. C. inheriting extra melanin. D. constricted blood vessels with more blood entering the epidermis.
A
Sebaceous glands secrete A. fat globules that mix with cellular debris, forming sebum. B. hormones. C. sweat in the armpits. D. mucus.
A
The blood-brain barrier consists of A. capillaries whose cells are firmly attached by overlapping tight junctions surrounded by astrocytes. B. a sheet of muscle tissue that separates the brain from the skull. C. aligned blood cells. D. capillaries joined by desmosomes that are closer together than they are elsewhere.
A
The flexible proteins that link the cell membranes of squamous epithelial cells in skin are A. cadherins. B. collagens. C. cellular adhesion molecules (CAMs). D. keratins.
A
The human integumentary system includes A. skin, nails, hair follicles, and sweat glands. B. the epidermis, dermis, and subcutaneous layer. C. bones and muscles. D. only one type of tissue.
A
Which of the following is a normal response to excessive loss of body heat in a cold environment? A. Dermal blood vessels constrict. B. Sweat glands become active. C. Smooth muscles relax. D. Dermal blood vessels dilate
A
Which of the following is not true about the extracellular matrix? A. It is the same in all tissues. B. In epithelium it consists of a basement membrane and interstitial matrix. C. In many body parts it includes various glycoproteins. D. It may include integrins.
A
16. Which type of tissue lines the follicles of the thyroid glands? A. Simple squamous epithelium B. Simple cuboidal epithelium C. Stratified cuboidal epithelium D. Glandular epithelium
B
22. Cartilage tissues are likely to be slow in healing following an injury because A. chondrocytes cannot divide. B. chondrocytes do not have direct blood supplies. C. the intercellular material is semisolid. D. cartilage cells are immersed in fluids.
B
A (An) _______ gland branches repeatedly before reaching the glandular cells or secretory part. A. simple B. compound C. tubular D. alveolar
B
A basement membrane anchors A. muscle tissue to nervous tissue B. epithelial tissue to connective issue C .connective tissue to muscle tissue D. brain tissue to nervous tissue
B
A woman undergoes coronary bypass surgery, in which a blood vessel from her leg is moved to her heart, where it supplements the blood supply following a heart attack. This procedure is a(n) A. xenograft. B. autograft. C. allograft. D. isograft.
B
An organ consists of A. skin and bones. B. two or more tissues grouped together that function together. C. at least four tissues grouped together that function together. D. one variety of each of the four tissue types.
B
Apocrine sweat glands are most abundant on or in the A. forehead. B. axilla. C. neck. D. palms of the hands..
B
Areolar tissue contains A. many adipocytes filled with fat. B. collagenous fibers, elastic fibers, and gel-like ground substance. C. chondrocytes and lacunae. D. osteocytes, osteoblasts, and canaliculi.
B
Blood vessels in the ___________ supply epidermal cells with nutrients. A. epidermis B.dermis C. stratum basale D. hair follicle
B
Bone cells form concentric circles around longitudinal tubes called A. osteons. B. central canals. C. lacunae. D. canaliculi.
B
Eccrine sweat glands A. are most common in the armpits and groin. B. respond primarily to elevated body temperature. C. respond primarily to emotional stress. D. usually are associated with hair follicles.
B
Elastic connective tissue forms A. bones. B. branching networks or parallel strands. C. cartilage. D. ligaments and tendons.
B
Epithelial membranes are typically composed of A. connective tissue and underlying muscle tissue. B. epithelium and underlying connective tissue. C. connective tissue and underlying epithelium. D. epithelium and underlying muscle tissue.
B
Eumelanin and pheomelanin are A. reddish-yellow and brownish-black pigments, respectively. B. brownish-black and reddish-yellow pigments, respectively. C. types of keratin. D. present in excess in a person with albinism.
B
In treating a burn patient, the "rule of nines" is used to estimate the A. depth of the burn. B. surface area of the burn. C. degree and source of the burn. D. type of scar that will form.
B
Melanocytes transfer melanin granules to A. mast cells. B. nearby keratinocytes. C. macrophages. D. the subcutaneous layer.
B
Milk and ear wax A. are not secretions. B. are secreted from modified sweat glands. C. are secreted from modified sebaceous glands. D. are in the blood.
B
Of the four major types of membranes, the one consisting of dense connective tissue overlying loose connective tissue is A. serous membrane. B. synovial membrane. C. mucous membrane. D. cutaneous membrane.
B
Shafts of hair are composed of A. living dermal cells. B. dead epidermal cells. C. living epidermal cells. D. dead dermal cells.
B
Which of the following is not a method for helping prevent pressure ulcer formation? A. Massaging the skin B. Eating foods rich in protein C. Providing adequate fluid intake D. Maintaining one body position
D
he antihistamine Benadryl has a sedative effect, but the antihistamine Zyrtec does not, because A. Benadryl is taken as a liquid and Zyrtec as a pill. B. Benadryl costs more than Zyrtec. C. Zyrtec crosses the blood-brain barrier but Benadryl does not. D. Benadryl crosses the blood-brain barrier but Zyrtec does not.
D
Which person is at highest risk of developing a cutaneous carcinoma? A. A light-complexioned man age 52 who goes to the beach on summer weekends and does not use sunblock because he likes to be tan B. An eighty-year-old who spends most of her time indoors C. A twenty-two-year-old college student who is outdoors often and uses sunblock D. A black woman who spends most of her time in her office
A
Skin wrinkles with age because A. collagen degrades in the subcutaneous layer as the epidermis shrinks. B. fat is lost from the subcutaneous layer and the dermis shrinks. C. the number of sweat glands diminishes. D. epidermal cells undergo a burst of cell division
B
The basis of using proteomics to describe tissues is that A. different cell types produce different sets of tRNAs. B. different cell types produce different sets of mRNAs. C. all cells produce the same amounts of the same proteins. D. the genetic code is universal.
B
The epidermis is about ___ mm thick and the dermis is about ___ mm thick. A. 1.0 to 2.0; 0.07 to 0.12 B. 0.07 to 0.12; 1.0 to 2.0 C. 3.0 to 4.0; 5.0 to 6.0 D. 0.01 to 0.10; 0.10 to 1.0
B
The melanocytes in very dark skin A. are more abundant than they are in light skin. B. contain single, large, pigment granules. C. lack pigment but shrivel up and turn black. D. contain many small pigment granules.
B
The muscle tissue that can be consciously controlled is A. smooth muscle tissue. B. skeletal muscle tissue. C. intestinal muscle tissue. D. cardiac muscle tissue.
B
The nerve fibers in the dermis stimulate A. blood vessels in the epidermis. B. muscles and glands in the dermis. C. melanocytes in the epidermis. D. fat cells in the subcutaneous layer.
B
The skin appears yellowish if a person eats too much A. collagen. B. carotene. C. cyanin. D. melanin.
B
The subcutaneous layer consists of A. epithelial tissue. B. areolar and adipose tissue. C. epithelial tissue and areolar tissue. D. adipose tissue and skeletal muscle tissue.
B
The tissue through which gases are exchanged between the blood and teh air in the lungs is A. stratified squamous epithelium B. simple squamous epithelium C. simple cuboidal epithelium D. simple columnar epithelium
B
The type of epithelium that lines the urinary bladder and many of the urinary passageways is A. cuboidal. B. transitional. C. pseudostratified. D. columnar.
B
The type of muscle tissue in blood vessels is A. cardiac muscle tissue. B. smooth muscle tissue. C. skeletal muscle tissue. D. voluntary muscle tissue.
B
There are __ types of muscle cells. A. 2 B. 3 C. 4 D. 5
B
he type of intercellular junction that forms tubular channels is A. a desmosome B. a gap junction C. a tight junction D. in the blood-brain barrier
B
A man donates part of his liver to his daughter, who suffers from cystic fibrosis. This procedure is a(n) A. xenograft. B. autograft. C. allograft. D. isograft.
C
A nail consists of A. dense connective tissue. B. bone. C. a nail bed and nail plate. D. collagen and elastin
C
Acne is a disorder of the A. sweat glands. B. hair follicles. C. sebaceous glands. D. apocrine glands.
C
After a severe burn, new skin may grow outwards from the hair follicles. New growth begins here because A. the hair follicles are very resistant to fire and heat. B. a person has many hair follicles. C. a hair follicle contains stem cells in the bulb region. D. the hair follicles are located in the subcutaneous layer.
C
As cells are pushed from the deeper portion of the epidermis toward the surface, A. they divide continually. B. their supply of nutrients improves. C. they die. D. they become dermal cells.
C
Cardiac muscle is found in the wall of the A. stomach. B. intestine. C. heart. D. blood vessels.
C
Cells that reside in a specific connective tissue type for an extended period of time are called A. wandering cells. B. transitional cells. C. fixed cells. D. stem cells.
C
Corns are A. areas of white skin pigmentation. B. scaly scalp areas. C. keratinized conical masses on toes. D. growths emanating from the nostrils.
C
Cutaneous carcinomas are usually caused by regular exposure to A. X-rays. B. gamma radiation. C. ultraviolet light. D. mutagenic chemicals
C
Elderly persons may become less able to maintain stable body temperature because A. they sweat excessively. B. their sebaceous glands become overactive. C. the number of sweat glands diminishes. D. the skin becomes too oily.
C
Embryonic stem cells growing in a lab dish are bathed in a "cocktail" of chemicals that cause them to specialize into branching networks of single-nucleated cells that pulsate in unison. This tissue is most likely A. smooth muscle. B. skeletal muscle. C. cardiac muscle. D. epithelial tissue.
C
Exposure to ultraviolet radiation greatly increases the risk of developing A. heart disease. B. diabetes. C. skin cancer. D. glaucoma.
C
Fever is A. a result of inflammation. B. due to exposure to heat. C. a special case of hyperthermia in which body temperature rises in response to an elevated set point, typically in response to infection. D. a special case of hypothermia in which body temperature falls to protect the core from infection.
C
Gray hair is A. caused by a pigment, pseudomelanin. B. a mixture of red and brown hairs. C. a mixture of pigmented and unpigmented hairs. D. a form of albinism.
C
Hypothermia is A. associated with exercising vigorously in the heat. B. accompanied by fever. C. a lowered body temperature. D. a form of hair loss.
C
Inflammation A. is a type of infection. B. is a result of exposure to very low temperatures. C. is a normal response to stress or injury. D. is an abnormal response to injury or stress
C
Involuntary muscle tissues are A. smooth muscle tissue and skeletal muscle tissue. B. cardiac muscle tissue and skeletal muscle tissue. C. smooth muscle tissue and cardiac muscle tissue. D. smooth muscle tissue, skeletal muscle tissue, and cardiac muscle tissue.
C
Muscle cells with more than one nucleus are A. smooth muscle cells and skeletal muscle cells. B. cardiac muscle cells and smooth muscle cells. C. skeletal muscle cells only. D. smooth muscle cells only.
C
Mutations usually disrupt collagen's function because A. there are many types of collagen and this protein is widespread in the body. B. collagen has a variable structure. C. collagen has a very precise structure. D. collagen is used as a cosmetic.
C
Neurons can send messages to A. only other neurons. B. only other neurons and neuroglia. C. other neurons, glands, and muscles. D. other neurons and skeletal muscle only.
C
Skin cancer is most likely to develop from A. pigmented epithelial cells. B. pigmented melanocytes. C. nonpigmented epithelial cells. D. nonpigmented melanocytes.
C
Smooth muscle is found in the wall of the A. stomach. B. intestine. C. stomach and intestine. D. kidney and liver.
C
Sweat cools the body by A. convection. B. conduction. C. evaporation. D. radiation.
C
The granulations that appear during the healing of a large, open wound are composed mainly of A. blood clots. B. phagocytic cells. C. fibroblasts surrounding blood vessels. D. scar tissue.
C
The major blood vessels that supply the skin are in the A. epidermis. B. basement membrane. C. dermis. D. subcutaneous layer.
C
The merocrine, apocrine, and holocrine secretions differ in the A. locations of the glands that produce them. B. number of cells that secrete. C. amount of cytoplasm secreted along with the glandular product. D. amount of glycoprotein secreted with the glandular product.
C
The tissue that forms the inner lining of the respiratory passages is A. mucus-secreting and transitional B. stratified, sputum-secreting, and non-ciliated C. mucus-secreting ciliated, and pseudo stratified D. serous fluid-secreting, simple, and columnar
C
The type of intercellular junction that consists of fused membranes is a(n) A. desmosome B. gap junction C. tight junction D. ion channel
C
What determines the color of skin? A. The number of melanocytes in the epidermis. B. The thickness of the epidermis. C. The amount of melanin that melanocytes produce. D. The density of hair.
C
hich is the most likely explanation for the defect in dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa, in which the skin blisters in response to any touch? A. The skin has too many melanocytes that produce too much melanin. B. Melanocytes cannot produce melanin. C. Collagen fibrils that attach the epidermis to the dermis break down. D. The skin layers are reversed.
C
The nail plate is produced by A. bone cells. B. fibroblasts. C. melanocytes. D. specialized epithelial cells.
D
The skin dissipates excess body heat by A. dilating dermal blood vessels. B. activating eccrine sweat glands. C. radiation D. all of the above.
D
The subcutaneous layer is A. made of squamous epithelium. B. part of the basement membrane. C. between the epidermis and the dermis. D. not part of the skin.
D
Which of the following are cellular fragments? A. Red blood cells B. White blood cells C. Lymphocytes D. Blood platelets
D
17. The type of epithelium that secretes into ducts that open onto surfaces like skin or into body fluids is A. simple squamous epithelium. B. transitional epithelium. C. stratified cuboidal epithelium. D. glandular epithelium.
D
A future treatment for baldness may potentially be A. head massages. B. high protein shakes. C. scalp transplants. D. stem cells from the bulb region at the base of hair follicles.
D
A person exercising vigorously on a hot, humid day may develop A. fatigue and dizziness. B. heat exhaustion. C. headache, muscle cramps, and nausea. D. all of the above.
D
A warm surface loses heat to the air molecules continuously circulating over it by A. radiation. B. evaporation. C. conduction. D. convection.
D
Adipose tissue is a form of A. epithelium. B. muscle. C. nervous tissue. D. connective tissue.
D
An autograft covers an injured area of skin with A. skin from a person other than the patient. B. a skin substitute, such as an artificial membrane. C. skin from a skin bank. D. skin from an uninjured region of the patient's body
D
An engineered tissue might include A. stem cells. B. progenitor cells. C. a scaffold built of synthetic materials. D. all of the above.
D
As a person ages, the skin typically becomes A. thicker. B. more opaque. C. more elastic. D. spotted with patches of pigment
D
Body heat is lost primarily by A. conduction. B. convection. C. evaporation. D. radiation.
D
Bone tissue contains abundant A. fibronectin. B. laminin. C. fibrocartilage. D. collagen.
D
Eccrine sweat glands differ from sebaceous glands A. in type of secretion. B. in their location. C. in whether or not they are associated with hair follicles. D. all of the above.
D
Epidermis is ________________, whereas dermis is ________________. A. the innermost layer of the skin; under the epidermis B. largely composed of dense connective tissue; composed of stratified squamous epithelial tissue C. the outermost layer of the skin; composed of stratified squamous epithelial tissue D. composed of stratified squamous epithelial tissue; composed of connective tissue, smooth muscle, and nerve cell processes
D
Functions of neuroglia include which of the following? A. They guide neurons to muscles, then pass neurotransmitters to the muscle cells. B. They serve as glue and scaffolding for neurons but have no physiological role. C. They sense changes in the environment and respond by sending electrical impulses. D. They support and bind nervous tissue and provide nutrients and growth factors to neurons by connecting them to blood vessels
D
Individuals at elevated risk for hypothermia include A. homeless people exposed to the outdoors. B. the very old and the very young. C. very thin people. D. all of the above.
D
Nerve fibers scattered throughout the dermis are associated with A. hair, melanocytes, and pores. B. bone, tendons, and muscles. C. fingernails and toenails. D. muscles, glands, and sensory receptors.
D
Skin cells play an important role in producing A. vitamin A. B. vitamin B. C. vitamin C. D. vitamin D.
D
Tendons and ligaments are composed primarily of A. dense irregular tissue. B. reticular connective tissue. C. muscle tissue. D. dense regular connective tissue.
D
wo thieves steal jewelry, and then drop it as they are escaping. The police recover the jewelry, and an officer explains on the evening news that fingerprints were obtained from the back of a watch. The thieves, whose prints are not on file, believe that they can escape prosecution by using acid to remove the epidermis on their fingerpads, so as not to be a match for the fingerprints on the watch. They are wrong because A. the prints arise from the subcutaneous layer, which is not destroyed. B. the prints arise from friction ridges of the dermis, which are not destroyed. C. the epidermis will regrow the friction ridges in a day. D. the friction ridges will not grow back in the same pattern.
D
Histology is the study of
Tissues