A&P Ch 6 Quiz BONES

The structure of bone tissue suits the function. Which of the following bone tissues is adapted to support weight and withstand torsion stresses? irregular bone compact bone trabecular bone spongy bone

compact bone

Spongy bone contains ________. osseous lamellae osteons trabeculae lamellar bone

trabeculae

Skeletal remains are discovered at an archeological site. X-rays of the femur show evidence of a thin epiphyseal plate. This bone likely belonged to which of the following? 25 year old female 8 year old female 18 year old male 60 year old male

18 yo male

Prevention of osteoporosis includes adequate intake of ________. calcium, and vitamin E vitamin D and chloride calcium and vitamin D potassium and vitamin D

Calcium and vitamin D

Which of the following statements best describes interstitial growth of cartilage? -Growth occurs in the lining of the long bones. -Chondrocytes in the lacunae divide and secrete matrix, allowing the cartilage to grow from within. -Unspecialized cells from mesenchyme develop into chondrocytes, which divide and form cartilage. -Fibroblasts give rise to chondrocytes that differentiate and form cartilage.

Chondrocytes in the lacunae divide and secrete matrix, allowing the cartilage to grow from within.

What type of bones are the following?: Skull Arm Rib Sacrum Finger Patella Ankle

Flat Long Flat Irregular Long Sesamoid Short

match the following: a) Chondrocytes b) Appositional growth c) Intramembranous ossification d) Epiphyseal line e) Epiphyseal plate -The appearance of this structure signals the end of bone growth. -The cells responsible for the early stages of endochondral ossification. -Bone develops from a fibrous membrane. -Area where bone longitudinal growth takes place. -The growth pattern of bone in which matrix is laid down on the surface.

a) The cells responsible for the early stages of endochondral ossification. b) The growth pattern of bone in which matrix is laid down on the surface. c) Bone develops from a fibrous membrane. d) The appearance of this structure signals the end of bone growth. e) Area where bone longitudinal growth takes place.

Match the following: a) Endosteum b) Osteoclasts c) Lamellae d) Canaliculi e) Osteoblasts Layers of bone matrix. The lining of the marrow cavity. Cells that can build bony matrix. Cells that can dissolve the bony matrix. Small channels that radiate through the matrix of bone.

a)The lining of the marrow cavity. b)Cells that can dissolve the bony matrix. c)Layers of bone matrix. d)Small channels that radiate through the matrix of bone. e)Cells that can build bony matrix.

epiphyseal plate

between epiphysis and diaphysis

The central (Haversian) canal that runs through the core of each osteon is the site of ________ cartilage and interstitial lamellae blood vessels and nerve fibers adipose tissue and nerve fibers yellow marrow and spicules

blood vessels and nerve fibers

Ossification (Osteogenesis) is the process of ________. making collagen fibers for calcified cartilage bone formation bone destruction to liberate calcium making a cartilage model of the fetal bone

bone formation

In the epiphyseal plate, cartilage grows ________. -in a circular fashion -by pushing the epiphysis away from the diaphysis -from the edges inward -by pulling the diaphysis toward the epiphysis

by pushing the epiphysis away from the diaphysis

Choose the structures that most directly provide nutrients and remove wastes from osteocytes in compact bone. canaliculi nutrient foramens central canals perforating (Volkmann's) canals

canaliculi

What can a deficiency of growth hormone during bone formation cause? decreased epiphyseal plate activity inadequate calcification of bone decreased osteoclast activity increased osteoclast activity

decreased epiphyseal plate activity

A fracture in the shaft of a bone would be a break in the ________. epiphysis metaphysis articular cartilage diaphysis

diaphysis

At what age do bones reach their peak density? at birth early adulthood late adulthood early childhood

early adulthood

Epiphysis

ends of long bones

Which of the following is the single most important stimulus for epiphyseal plate activity during infancy and childhood? thyroid hormone parathyroid hormone growth hormone calcium

growth hormone

Choose the best location for obtaining a red bone marrow sample from a patient. head of humerus medullary cavity of femur frontal bone hip bone

hip bone

What kind of tissue is the forerunner of long bones in the embryo? dense fibrous connective tissue hyaline cartilage elastic connective tissue fibrocartilage

hyaline cartilage

The term diploë refers to the ________. -fact that most bones are formed of two types of bone tissue -two types of marrow found within most bones -internal layer of spongy bone in flat bones -double-layered nature of the connective tissue covering the bone

internal layer of spongy bone in flat bones

Ossification of the ends of long bones ________. is produced by secondary ossification centers involves medullary cavity formation is a characteristic of intramembranous bone formation takes twice as long as diaphysis ossification

is produced by secondary ossification centers

At an archeological site you discover a bone that is cylindrical in shape, about one inch long and a quarter of an inch wide. Choose the correct classification. long irregular sesamoid short

long

Where is yellow marrow found?

medullar cavity of long bones

The cell responsible for secreting the matrix of bone is the ________. chondrocyte osteocyte osteoclast osteoblast

osteoblast

Bones are constantly undergoing resorption (breaking bone down) for various reasons. Which of the following cells accomplishes this process? osteoblast stem cell osteoclast osteocyte

osteoclast

When an osteoblast becomes completely surrounded by its own matrix secretions it is referred to as an ________. osteogenic cell chondrocyte osteocyte osteoclast

osteocyte

Bones are covered and lined by a protective tissue called periosteum. The inner (osteogenic) layer consists primarily of ________ osteogenic cells cartilage and compact bone chondrocytes and osteocytes dense irregular connective tissue

osteogenic cells

What is the structural unit of compact bone? osseous matrix lamellar bone the osteon spongy bone

osteon

compact bone

outer layer, solid

Which hormone increases osteoclast activity to release more calcium ions into the bloodstream? calcitonin parathyroid hormone thyroxine estrogen

parathyroid hormone

Which of the following is a bone marking name that indicates an armlike bar of bone? foramen epicondyle ramus fossa meatus

ramus

The resilience of bone is thought to come from which of the following? amount of mineral salt and protein in the bone sacrificial bonds in or between collagen molecules presence of osteoblasts in the bone amount of mineral salts in the bone

sacrificial bonds in or between collagen molecules

In humans, the effect of the hormone calcitonin is to ________. -decrease mitosis of chondrocytes at the epiphyseal plate -increase blood calcium levels by inhibiting osteoblasts -temporarily decrease blood calcium levels when administered in large doses -increase blood calcium levels by stimulating osteoclasts

temporarily decrease blood calcium levels when administered in large doses

Cartilage grows in two ways, appositional and interstitial. What is appositional growth? -the secretion of new matrix against the external face of existing cartilage -the lengthening of hyaline cartilage -along the edges only of existing osteons, making each osteon larger -growth at the epiphyseal plate

the secretion of new matrix against the external face of existing cartilage

Which bone would likely take the longest to heal? finger bone of an elderly individual thigh bone of an elderly individual thigh bone of a young individual finger bone of a young individual

thigh bone of an elderly individual