A&P Ch 6 Quiz BONES
The structure of bone tissue suits the function. Which of the following bone tissues is adapted to support weight and withstand torsion stresses? irregular bone compact bone trabecular bone spongy bone
compact bone
Spongy bone contains ________. osseous lamellae osteons trabeculae lamellar bone
trabeculae
Skeletal remains are discovered at an archeological site. X-rays of the femur show evidence of a thin epiphyseal plate. This bone likely belonged to which of the following? 25 year old female 8 year old female 18 year old male 60 year old male
18 yo male
Prevention of osteoporosis includes adequate intake of ________. calcium, and vitamin E vitamin D and chloride calcium and vitamin D potassium and vitamin D
Calcium and vitamin D
Which of the following statements best describes interstitial growth of cartilage? -Growth occurs in the lining of the long bones. -Chondrocytes in the lacunae divide and secrete matrix, allowing the cartilage to grow from within. -Unspecialized cells from mesenchyme develop into chondrocytes, which divide and form cartilage. -Fibroblasts give rise to chondrocytes that differentiate and form cartilage.
Chondrocytes in the lacunae divide and secrete matrix, allowing the cartilage to grow from within.
What type of bones are the following?: Skull Arm Rib Sacrum Finger Patella Ankle
Flat Long Flat Irregular Long Sesamoid Short
match the following: a) Chondrocytes b) Appositional growth c) Intramembranous ossification d) Epiphyseal line e) Epiphyseal plate -The appearance of this structure signals the end of bone growth. -The cells responsible for the early stages of endochondral ossification. -Bone develops from a fibrous membrane. -Area where bone longitudinal growth takes place. -The growth pattern of bone in which matrix is laid down on the surface.
a) The cells responsible for the early stages of endochondral ossification. b) The growth pattern of bone in which matrix is laid down on the surface. c) Bone develops from a fibrous membrane. d) The appearance of this structure signals the end of bone growth. e) Area where bone longitudinal growth takes place.
Match the following: a) Endosteum b) Osteoclasts c) Lamellae d) Canaliculi e) Osteoblasts Layers of bone matrix. The lining of the marrow cavity. Cells that can build bony matrix. Cells that can dissolve the bony matrix. Small channels that radiate through the matrix of bone.
a)The lining of the marrow cavity. b)Cells that can dissolve the bony matrix. c)Layers of bone matrix. d)Small channels that radiate through the matrix of bone. e)Cells that can build bony matrix.
epiphyseal plate
between epiphysis and diaphysis
The central (Haversian) canal that runs through the core of each osteon is the site of ________ cartilage and interstitial lamellae blood vessels and nerve fibers adipose tissue and nerve fibers yellow marrow and spicules
blood vessels and nerve fibers
Ossification (Osteogenesis) is the process of ________. making collagen fibers for calcified cartilage bone formation bone destruction to liberate calcium making a cartilage model of the fetal bone
bone formation
In the epiphyseal plate, cartilage grows ________. -in a circular fashion -by pushing the epiphysis away from the diaphysis -from the edges inward -by pulling the diaphysis toward the epiphysis
by pushing the epiphysis away from the diaphysis
Choose the structures that most directly provide nutrients and remove wastes from osteocytes in compact bone. canaliculi nutrient foramens central canals perforating (Volkmann's) canals
canaliculi
What can a deficiency of growth hormone during bone formation cause? decreased epiphyseal plate activity inadequate calcification of bone decreased osteoclast activity increased osteoclast activity
decreased epiphyseal plate activity
A fracture in the shaft of a bone would be a break in the ________. epiphysis metaphysis articular cartilage diaphysis
diaphysis
At what age do bones reach their peak density? at birth early adulthood late adulthood early childhood
early adulthood
Epiphysis
ends of long bones
Which of the following is the single most important stimulus for epiphyseal plate activity during infancy and childhood? thyroid hormone parathyroid hormone growth hormone calcium
growth hormone
Choose the best location for obtaining a red bone marrow sample from a patient. head of humerus medullary cavity of femur frontal bone hip bone
hip bone
What kind of tissue is the forerunner of long bones in the embryo? dense fibrous connective tissue hyaline cartilage elastic connective tissue fibrocartilage
hyaline cartilage
The term diploë refers to the ________. -fact that most bones are formed of two types of bone tissue -two types of marrow found within most bones -internal layer of spongy bone in flat bones -double-layered nature of the connective tissue covering the bone
internal layer of spongy bone in flat bones
Ossification of the ends of long bones ________. is produced by secondary ossification centers involves medullary cavity formation is a characteristic of intramembranous bone formation takes twice as long as diaphysis ossification
is produced by secondary ossification centers
At an archeological site you discover a bone that is cylindrical in shape, about one inch long and a quarter of an inch wide. Choose the correct classification. long irregular sesamoid short
long
Where is yellow marrow found?
medullar cavity of long bones
The cell responsible for secreting the matrix of bone is the ________. chondrocyte osteocyte osteoclast osteoblast
osteoblast
Bones are constantly undergoing resorption (breaking bone down) for various reasons. Which of the following cells accomplishes this process? osteoblast stem cell osteoclast osteocyte
osteoclast
When an osteoblast becomes completely surrounded by its own matrix secretions it is referred to as an ________. osteogenic cell chondrocyte osteocyte osteoclast
osteocyte
Bones are covered and lined by a protective tissue called periosteum. The inner (osteogenic) layer consists primarily of ________ osteogenic cells cartilage and compact bone chondrocytes and osteocytes dense irregular connective tissue
osteogenic cells
What is the structural unit of compact bone? osseous matrix lamellar bone the osteon spongy bone
osteon
compact bone
outer layer, solid
Which hormone increases osteoclast activity to release more calcium ions into the bloodstream? calcitonin parathyroid hormone thyroxine estrogen
parathyroid hormone
Which of the following is a bone marking name that indicates an armlike bar of bone? foramen epicondyle ramus fossa meatus
ramus
The resilience of bone is thought to come from which of the following? amount of mineral salt and protein in the bone sacrificial bonds in or between collagen molecules presence of osteoblasts in the bone amount of mineral salts in the bone
sacrificial bonds in or between collagen molecules
In humans, the effect of the hormone calcitonin is to ________. -decrease mitosis of chondrocytes at the epiphyseal plate -increase blood calcium levels by inhibiting osteoblasts -temporarily decrease blood calcium levels when administered in large doses -increase blood calcium levels by stimulating osteoclasts
temporarily decrease blood calcium levels when administered in large doses
Cartilage grows in two ways, appositional and interstitial. What is appositional growth? -the secretion of new matrix against the external face of existing cartilage -the lengthening of hyaline cartilage -along the edges only of existing osteons, making each osteon larger -growth at the epiphyseal plate
the secretion of new matrix against the external face of existing cartilage
Which bone would likely take the longest to heal? finger bone of an elderly individual thigh bone of an elderly individual thigh bone of a young individual finger bone of a young individual
thigh bone of an elderly individual