A&P Ch 7
Abducts upper arm
Deltoid
The top of the foot is elevated with the toes pointing upward
Dorsiflexion
Turns the ankle so the bottom of the foot faces toward the lateral side of the body
Eversion
Makes the angle between the two bones at a joint larger
Extension
Compresses abdomen
External oblique
Makes the angle between the two bones at the joint smaller
Flexion
Raises eyebrows*
Frontal
Plantar flexes the ankle
Gastrocnemius
Extends thigh
Gluteus maximus
Flexes knee
Hamstring group
Flexes thigh or trunk
Iliopsoas
The opposite movement of rotation is:*
Immobility, inaction or fixed.
Attachment point to the bone that moves during muscle contraction
Insertion
Turns the ankle so the bottom of the foot faces toward the midline of the body
Inversion
Muscle contraction in which the muscle tenses but does not shorten
Isometric
Type of muscle contraction in which the muscle shortens and the joint moves
Isotonic
Extends and helps adduct upper arm*
Latissimus dorsi
Closes the jaw
Masseter
Single motor neuron with all the muscle cells it innervates
Motor unit
Protein that makes up the thick myofilament
Myosin
Point of contact between the nerve ending and the muscle fiber
Neuromuscular junction
Closes eyes*
Orbicularis oculi
Draws lips together*
Orbicularis oris
Attachment point to the bone that is stationary during contraction
Origin
Flexes and helps adduct upper arm
Pectoralis major
The bottom of the foot is directed downward so you are standing on your toes
Plantar flexion
Results in the hand position with the palm turned toward the posterior position
Pronation
Extends knee
Quadriceps group
Flexes trunk
Rectus abdominis
Flexes thigh and rotates lower leg
Sartorius
Another name for voluntary muscle
Skeletal muscle
Another name for visceral muscle
Smooth muscle
Rotates and flexes the head and neck
Sternocleidomastoid
Results in the hand position with the palm turned toward the anterior position
Supination
Dorsiflexes the ankle
Tibialis anterior
Extends the head and neck
Trapezius
Extends elbow
Triceps brachii
Elevates corners of the mouth and lips*
Zygomaticus
The minimal level of stimulation required to cause a fiber to contract is called:
a threshold stimulus
Moving a part of the body away from the midline of the body is called:*
abduction
The thin myofilament of the skeletal muscles is made of:*
actin
Moving a part of the body toward the midline of the body is called:*
adduction
Endurance training leads to:*
an increased number of blood vessels to the muscle
Strength training leads to:*
an increased number of myofilaments
Which of the following muscles is a muscle that moves the upper extremities?
biceps brachii, triceps brachii and the latissimus dorsi
According to the sliding filament model, in order for a sarcomere to contract:
bridges must form between the actin and myosin, ATP must be broken down for energy and calcium must be released from the endoplasmic reticulum
A fluid-filled sac that acts as a lubricating structure for muscle movement is a(n):
bursae
Intercalated disks are found in:*
cardiac muscle
The muscle contracts but does not shorten, even though an increase in muscle tension does occur. This sentence describes:*
isometric contractions
The muscle contracts and shortens and the insertion end moves toward the point of origin.*
isotonic contractions
Which of the following muscles is not a muscle of the head and neck?
latissimus dorsi
What part of the body does the biceps femoris move?
lower extremities
What part of the body does the gastrocnemius move?*
lower extremities
What part of the body does the sartorius move?*
lower extremities
A single motor neuron with all the muscle cells it innervates is called a:
motor unit
Which of the following muscles is a muscle of the trunk?
rectus abdominis, internal oblique and the external oblique
When calcium is released into the sarcomere*
removes the blocking protein from the actin
Movement around a longitudinal axis is:*
rotation
The basic contractile unit of a skeletal muscle is the:*
sarcomere
Which of the following muscles is a muscle that moves the lower extremities?
sartorius, iliopsoas and the gracilis
Striations are found in:*
skeletal muscle and cardiac muscle
The hand position when the body is in anatomical position is:*
supination
A bursae is a saclike structure that is filled with:
synovial fluid
The connective tissue that attaches muscle to bone is called:*
tendon
When a muscle contraction occurs:
the Z lines are pulled closer together
When a muscle fiber is subjected to a stimulus, it contracts completely. This is called:
the all-or-none-law
If a prime mover flexes a joint:
the antagonist will extend the joint
If an injury caused damage to the insertion of the biceps brachii muscle (the anterior muscle of the upper arm), the injury would be nearest:
the elbow
The muscle attachment to the more movable bone is called the:*
insertion
If you weigh 120 pounds, your skeletal muscles weigh about:
50 pounds
Moving part of the body away from the midline of the body
Abduction
Protein that makes the thin myofilament
Actin
Moving part of the body toward the midline of the body
Adduction
Adducts thigh
Adductor group
Flexes elbow
Biceps brachii
Tonic contractions:*
do not shorten the muscle and are important in maintaining posture
The term that refers to ankle and foot movement is:*
dorsiflexion
Tension during muscle lengthening is often called
eccentric contractions
The loose connective tissue outside the muscle organs that forms a flexible, sticky "packing material" between the muscles, bone, and skin is called:
fascia
Groups of muscle fibers are called:*
fascicles
What part of the body does the masseter move?*
head and neck
What part of the body does the sternocleidomastoid move?*
head and neck
What part of the body does the zygomaticus move?*
head and neck
The thick myofilament of the skeletal muscles is made of:*
myosin
Which of the following systems play a role in body movement?
nervous system, respiratory systemand the circulatory system
The point of contact between the nerve and the muscle fibers it stimulates is called a:*
neuromuscular junction
What allows you to lift different weights with the same muscle is the:
number of motor units used by the muscle
The muscle attachment to the more stationary bone is called the:
origin
The movement that is opposite dorsiflexion is:*
plantar flexion
To produce smooth movement at a joint:
the prime mover and synergists must contract
What part of the body does the external oblique move?*
trunk of the body
What part of the body does the rectus abdominis move?*
trunk of the body
This is a quick, jerky response to a stimulus seen in isolated muscles but is not important in normal muscle activity:
twitch contraction
What part of the body does the deltoid move?*
upper extremities
What part of the body does the pectoralis major move?*
upper extremities
Another name for smooth muscle is:*
visceral muscle and/or involuntary muscle
Another name for skeletal muscle is*
voluntary muscle