A&P Ch 7

Abducts upper arm

Deltoid

The top of the foot is elevated with the toes pointing upward

Dorsiflexion

Turns the ankle so the bottom of the foot faces toward the lateral side of the body

Eversion

Makes the angle between the two bones at a joint larger

Extension

Compresses abdomen

External oblique

Makes the angle between the two bones at the joint smaller

Flexion

Raises eyebrows*

Frontal

Plantar flexes the ankle

Gastrocnemius

Extends thigh

Gluteus maximus

Flexes knee

Hamstring group

Flexes thigh or trunk

Iliopsoas

The opposite movement of rotation is:*

Immobility, inaction or fixed.

Attachment point to the bone that moves during muscle contraction

Insertion

Turns the ankle so the bottom of the foot faces toward the midline of the body

Inversion

Muscle contraction in which the muscle tenses but does not shorten

Isometric

Type of muscle contraction in which the muscle shortens and the joint moves

Isotonic

Extends and helps adduct upper arm*

Latissimus dorsi

Closes the jaw

Masseter

Single motor neuron with all the muscle cells it innervates

Motor unit

Protein that makes up the thick myofilament

Myosin

Point of contact between the nerve ending and the muscle fiber

Neuromuscular junction

Closes eyes*

Orbicularis oculi

Draws lips together*

Orbicularis oris

Attachment point to the bone that is stationary during contraction

Origin

Flexes and helps adduct upper arm

Pectoralis major

The bottom of the foot is directed downward so you are standing on your toes

Plantar flexion

Results in the hand position with the palm turned toward the posterior position

Pronation

Extends knee

Quadriceps group

Flexes trunk

Rectus abdominis

Flexes thigh and rotates lower leg

Sartorius

Another name for voluntary muscle

Skeletal muscle

Another name for visceral muscle

Smooth muscle

Rotates and flexes the head and neck

Sternocleidomastoid

Results in the hand position with the palm turned toward the anterior position

Supination

Dorsiflexes the ankle

Tibialis anterior

Extends the head and neck

Trapezius

Extends elbow

Triceps brachii

Elevates corners of the mouth and lips*

Zygomaticus

The minimal level of stimulation required to cause a fiber to contract is called:

a threshold stimulus

Moving a part of the body away from the midline of the body is called:*

abduction

The thin myofilament of the skeletal muscles is made of:*

actin

Moving a part of the body toward the midline of the body is called:*

adduction

Endurance training leads to:*

an increased number of blood vessels to the muscle

Strength training leads to:*

an increased number of myofilaments

Which of the following muscles is a muscle that moves the upper extremities?

biceps brachii, triceps brachii and the latissimus dorsi

According to the sliding filament model, in order for a sarcomere to contract:

bridges must form between the actin and myosin, ATP must be broken down for energy and calcium must be released from the endoplasmic reticulum

A fluid-filled sac that acts as a lubricating structure for muscle movement is a(n):

bursae

Intercalated disks are found in:*

cardiac muscle

The muscle contracts but does not shorten, even though an increase in muscle tension does occur. This sentence describes:*

isometric contractions

The muscle contracts and shortens and the insertion end moves toward the point of origin.*

isotonic contractions

Which of the following muscles is not a muscle of the head and neck?

latissimus dorsi

What part of the body does the biceps femoris move?

lower extremities

What part of the body does the gastrocnemius move?*

lower extremities

What part of the body does the sartorius move?*

lower extremities

A single motor neuron with all the muscle cells it innervates is called a:

motor unit

Which of the following muscles is a muscle of the trunk?

rectus abdominis, internal oblique and the external oblique

When calcium is released into the sarcomere*

removes the blocking protein from the actin

Movement around a longitudinal axis is:*

rotation

The basic contractile unit of a skeletal muscle is the:*

sarcomere

Which of the following muscles is a muscle that moves the lower extremities?

sartorius, iliopsoas and the gracilis

Striations are found in:*

skeletal muscle and cardiac muscle

The hand position when the body is in anatomical position is:*

supination

A bursae is a saclike structure that is filled with:

synovial fluid

The connective tissue that attaches muscle to bone is called:*

tendon

When a muscle contraction occurs:

the Z lines are pulled closer together

When a muscle fiber is subjected to a stimulus, it contracts completely. This is called:

the all-or-none-law

If a prime mover flexes a joint:

the antagonist will extend the joint

If an injury caused damage to the insertion of the biceps brachii muscle (the anterior muscle of the upper arm), the injury would be nearest:

the elbow

The muscle attachment to the more movable bone is called the:*

insertion

If you weigh 120 pounds, your skeletal muscles weigh about:

50 pounds

Moving part of the body away from the midline of the body

Abduction

Protein that makes the thin myofilament

Actin

Moving part of the body toward the midline of the body

Adduction

Adducts thigh

Adductor group

Flexes elbow

Biceps brachii

Tonic contractions:*

do not shorten the muscle and are important in maintaining posture

The term that refers to ankle and foot movement is:*

dorsiflexion

Tension during muscle lengthening is often called

eccentric contractions

The loose connective tissue outside the muscle organs that forms a flexible, sticky "packing material" between the muscles, bone, and skin is called:

fascia

Groups of muscle fibers are called:*

fascicles

What part of the body does the masseter move?*

head and neck

What part of the body does the sternocleidomastoid move?*

head and neck

What part of the body does the zygomaticus move?*

head and neck

The thick myofilament of the skeletal muscles is made of:*

myosin

Which of the following systems play a role in body movement?

nervous system, respiratory systemand the circulatory system

The point of contact between the nerve and the muscle fibers it stimulates is called a:*

neuromuscular junction

What allows you to lift different weights with the same muscle is the:

number of motor units used by the muscle

The muscle attachment to the more stationary bone is called the:

origin

The movement that is opposite dorsiflexion is:*

plantar flexion

To produce smooth movement at a joint:

the prime mover and synergists must contract

What part of the body does the external oblique move?*

trunk of the body

What part of the body does the rectus abdominis move?*

trunk of the body

This is a quick, jerky response to a stimulus seen in isolated muscles but is not important in normal muscle activity:

twitch contraction

What part of the body does the deltoid move?*

upper extremities

What part of the body does the pectoralis major move?*

upper extremities

Another name for smooth muscle is:*

visceral muscle and/or involuntary muscle

Another name for skeletal muscle is*

voluntary muscle