A&P CH 8
A synchondrosis: A. Allows bone growth B. Equalizes pressure between vertebrae C. Includes a joint capsule D. Allows free movement
A. Allows bone growth
Name the class of joint consisting of bone ends held together by collagenous tissue. A. Fibrous B. Synovial C. Cartilaginous
A. FIbrous
A gomphosis is a ___ joint. A. Fibrous B. Cartilagenous C. Synovial D. Synchondrosis
A. Fibrous
A suture is an example of a(n): A. Fibrous joint B. Cartilagenous joint C. Synovial joint D. Plane joint
A. Fibrous joint
The joint between adjacent vertebral bodies is a: A. Symphysis that is amphiarthrotic B. Symphysis that is synarthrotic C. Symphysis that is diarthrotic D. Synovial that is synarthrotic
A. Symphysis that is amphiarthrotic
Moving a part away from the midline (lifting the upper limb horizontally to form a right angle with the side of the body) or from the axial line of the limb (spreading the fingers or toes).
Abduction
Moving a part toward the midline (returning the upper limb from the horizontal position to the side of the body) or toward the axial line of the limb (moving the fingers or toes closer together).
Adduction
Hyaline cartilage that covers the ends of bones in a synovial joint
Articular cartilage
Bones of a synovial joint are held together by: A. A synovial membrane B. A joint capsule C. A meniscus D. Articular cartilage
B. A joint capsule
Joints are also called: A. Annotations B. Articulations C. Affectations D. Affiliations
B. Articulations
Types of fibrous joints include: A. Synarthrotic, amphiarthrotic, and diarthrotic joints B. Syndesmosis, suture, and gomphosis joints C. Synchondrosis, symphysis, and synovial joints D. Pivot, condylar, and ellipsoidal joints
B. Syndesmosis, suture, and gomphosis joints
Ball shaped head of one bone articulates with cup-shaped socket of another
Ball-and-socket
Saclike, fluid-filled cushioning structure, lined with a synovial membrane, near a joint; cushion and aid movements of tendons over bony parts
Bursae
Inflammation of fluid-filled sacs associated with a joint
Burstitis
Joints in which the bone ends are bound together by hyaline cartilage or fibrocartilage are classified as: A. Immovable joints B. Synovial joints C. Cartilaginous joints D. Fibrous joints
C. Cartilaginous joints
The joint stiffness that occurs with aging is typically due to changes in ___ within the joint. A. Water content B. Bone ends C. Collagen D. Cartilage
C. Collagen
A tooth root attached to a jawbone by a periodontal ligament is a ___. A. Synchondrosis B. Syndesmosis C. Gomphosis D. Synovial joint
C. Gomphosis
A joint capsule is reinforced by: A. Tendons binding articular ends of bones together B. Articular cartilage cushioning ends of bones C. Ligaments binding articular ends of bones together D. Hyaline cartilage providing strength to the capsule walls.
C. Ligaments binding articular ends of bones together
Articular cartilage receives oxygen and nutrients from: A. A direct blood supply B. Blood vessels in underlying spongy bone C. Surrounding synovial fluid D. Chondrocytes
C. Surrounding synovial fluid
Two or more bones connected by hyaline cartilage or fibrocartiage; types
Cartilaginous; Synchondrosis and symphysis
Moving a part so that its end follows a circular path (moving the finger in a circular motion without moving the hand).
Circumduction
Oval-shaped condyle of one bone articulates with elliptical cavity of another
Condylar
Joints: A. Bind bones B. Allow bones to grow C. Enable body parts to move D. All of the above
D. All of the above
A synovial membrane: A. Is very thick with many layers of cells B. Secretes serous fluid C. Secretes mucus D. Secretes synovial fluid
D. Secretes synovial fluid
The transverse humeral ligaments, and coracohumeral ligament are important in maintaining the stability of the ___ joint. A. Elbow B. Knee C. Hip D. Shoulder
D. Shoulder
Which of the following is not a type of fibrous joint? A. Sydesmosis B. Coronal suture C. Gomphosis D. Symphysis
D. Symphysis
Classifying joints as synarthrotic, amphiarthrotic, or diarthrotic represents: A. Location in the body B. The composition of the joint C. The number of bones that the joint affects D. The degree of movement possible at the joint
D. The degree of movement possible at the joint
Lowering a part (drooping the shoulders)
Depression
Movement at the ankle that brings the foot closer to the shin (rocking back on one's heels).
Dorsiflexion
Raising a part (shrugging the shoulders)
Elevation
Turning the foot so the plantar surface faces laterally.
Eversion
Moving parts at a joint so that the angle between them increases and the parts move farther apart (straightening the knee).
Extension
2 or more bones joined together by dense connective tissue containing many collagenous fibers
Fibrous joints
3 main types of joints
Fibrous, cartilaginous, synovial
Bending parts at a joint so that the angle between them decreases and the parts come closer together (bending the knee).
Flexion
Diarthrotic
Freely movable
Joint formed by the union of a cone-shaped bony process in a bony socket
Gomphosis
Convex surface of one bone articulates with concave surface of another
Hinge
A term sometimes used to describe the extension of the parts at a joint beyond the anatomical position (bending the head back beyond the upright position); often used to describe an abnormal extension beyond the normal range of motion, resulting in injury.
Hyperextension
Synarthrotic
Immovable
Turning the foot so the plantar surface faces medially.
Inversion
An envelope, attached to the end of each bone at the joint, enclosing the cavity of a synovial joint
Joint capsule
Intermittent disorder caused by bacterial infection
Lyme arthritis
Fibrocartilage that separates the articulating surfaces of bones in the knee; divide some synovial joint into compartments
Meniscus
Degenerative disorder of joints
Osteoarthritis
Cylindrical surface of one bone articulates with ring of bone and ligament
Pivot
Articulating surfaces are nearly flat or slightly curved
Plane
Movement at the ankle that brings the foot farther from the shin (walking or standing on one's toes).
Plantar flexion
Rotation of the forearm so the palm is downward or facing posteriorly (in anatomical position). Prone refers to the body lying face down.
Pronation
Moving a part forward (thrusting the head forward).
Protraction
Moving a part backward (pulling the head backward).
Retraction
Inflammation of a joint due to autoimmune condition
Rheumatoid arthritis
Moving a part around an axis (twisting the head from side to side). Medial (internal) rotation is the turning of a limb on its longitudinal axis so its anterior surface moves toward the midline, whereas lateral (external) rotation is the turning of a limb on its longitudinal axis in the opposite direction.
Rotation
Articulating surfaces have both concave and convex regions; surface of one bone fits the complementary surface of another
Saddle
Amphiarthrotic
Slightly movable
Torn or overstretched tendons or ligaments
Sprain
Rotation of the forearm so the palm is upward or facing anteriorly (in anatomical position). Supine refers to the body lying face up.
Supination
Broad margins of adjacent bones join together and unite by a thin layer of dense connective tissue; between flat bones of skull
Sutures
Found where articular surfaces of the bones are covered by hyaline cartilage and the cartilage is attached to a pad of fibrocartilage.
Symphysis
Occurs where bones are united by hyaline cartilage that may disappear as a result of bone growth
Synchondrosis
Type of joint in which bundles of connective tissue unite bones
Syndesmosis
A ___ is a fibrous joint with bones bound by long connective tissue fibers, whereas a ___ is a fibrous joint where flat bones are united by a thin layer of connective tissue
Syndesmosis, suture
Types of fibrous joints
Syndesmosis, sutures, gomphosis
Membrane that forms the inner lining of the capsule of a freely movable joint; secretes what?
Synovial membrane; synovial fluid
Freely moveable type of joint which most joints are; consist of
Synovial; Articular cartilage, a joint capusle, and synovial membrane
Joint movements occur when a muscle contracts and the muscle fibers pull the muscle's movable end of attachment, the ___, toward its fixed end, the ___.
insertion, origin