A&P CH 8

A synchondrosis: A. Allows bone growth B. Equalizes pressure between vertebrae C. Includes a joint capsule D. Allows free movement

A. Allows bone growth

Name the class of joint consisting of bone ends held together by collagenous tissue. A. Fibrous B. Synovial C. Cartilaginous

A. FIbrous

A gomphosis is a ___ joint. A. Fibrous B. Cartilagenous C. Synovial D. Synchondrosis

A. Fibrous

A suture is an example of a(n): A. Fibrous joint B. Cartilagenous joint C. Synovial joint D. Plane joint

A. Fibrous joint

The joint between adjacent vertebral bodies is a: A. Symphysis that is amphiarthrotic B. Symphysis that is synarthrotic C. Symphysis that is diarthrotic D. Synovial that is synarthrotic

A. Symphysis that is amphiarthrotic

Moving a part away from the midline (lifting the upper limb horizontally to form a right angle with the side of the body) or from the axial line of the limb (spreading the fingers or toes).

Abduction

Moving a part toward the midline (returning the upper limb from the horizontal position to the side of the body) or toward the axial line of the limb (moving the fingers or toes closer together).

Adduction

Hyaline cartilage that covers the ends of bones in a synovial joint

Articular cartilage

Bones of a synovial joint are held together by: A. A synovial membrane B. A joint capsule C. A meniscus D. Articular cartilage

B. A joint capsule

Joints are also called: A. Annotations B. Articulations C. Affectations D. Affiliations

B. Articulations

Types of fibrous joints include: A. Synarthrotic, amphiarthrotic, and diarthrotic joints B. Syndesmosis, suture, and gomphosis joints C. Synchondrosis, symphysis, and synovial joints D. Pivot, condylar, and ellipsoidal joints

B. Syndesmosis, suture, and gomphosis joints

Ball shaped head of one bone articulates with cup-shaped socket of another

Ball-and-socket

Saclike, fluid-filled cushioning structure, lined with a synovial membrane, near a joint; cushion and aid movements of tendons over bony parts

Bursae

Inflammation of fluid-filled sacs associated with a joint

Burstitis

Joints in which the bone ends are bound together by hyaline cartilage or fibrocartilage are classified as: A. Immovable joints B. Synovial joints C. Cartilaginous joints D. Fibrous joints

C. Cartilaginous joints

The joint stiffness that occurs with aging is typically due to changes in ___ within the joint. A. Water content B. Bone ends C. Collagen D. Cartilage

C. Collagen

A tooth root attached to a jawbone by a periodontal ligament is a ___. A. Synchondrosis B. Syndesmosis C. Gomphosis D. Synovial joint

C. Gomphosis

A joint capsule is reinforced by: A. Tendons binding articular ends of bones together B. Articular cartilage cushioning ends of bones C. Ligaments binding articular ends of bones together D. Hyaline cartilage providing strength to the capsule walls.

C. Ligaments binding articular ends of bones together

Articular cartilage receives oxygen and nutrients from: A. A direct blood supply B. Blood vessels in underlying spongy bone C. Surrounding synovial fluid D. Chondrocytes

C. Surrounding synovial fluid

Two or more bones connected by hyaline cartilage or fibrocartiage; types

Cartilaginous; Synchondrosis and symphysis

Moving a part so that its end follows a circular path (moving the finger in a circular motion without moving the hand).

Circumduction

Oval-shaped condyle of one bone articulates with elliptical cavity of another

Condylar

Joints: A. Bind bones B. Allow bones to grow C. Enable body parts to move D. All of the above

D. All of the above

A synovial membrane: A. Is very thick with many layers of cells B. Secretes serous fluid C. Secretes mucus D. Secretes synovial fluid

D. Secretes synovial fluid

The transverse humeral ligaments, and coracohumeral ligament are important in maintaining the stability of the ___ joint. A. Elbow B. Knee C. Hip D. Shoulder

D. Shoulder

Which of the following is not a type of fibrous joint? A. Sydesmosis B. Coronal suture C. Gomphosis D. Symphysis

D. Symphysis

Classifying joints as synarthrotic, amphiarthrotic, or diarthrotic represents: A. Location in the body B. The composition of the joint C. The number of bones that the joint affects D. The degree of movement possible at the joint

D. The degree of movement possible at the joint

Lowering a part (drooping the shoulders)

Depression

Movement at the ankle that brings the foot closer to the shin (rocking back on one's heels).

Dorsiflexion

Raising a part (shrugging the shoulders)

Elevation

Turning the foot so the plantar surface faces laterally.

Eversion

Moving parts at a joint so that the angle between them increases and the parts move farther apart (straightening the knee).

Extension

2 or more bones joined together by dense connective tissue containing many collagenous fibers

Fibrous joints

3 main types of joints

Fibrous, cartilaginous, synovial

Bending parts at a joint so that the angle between them decreases and the parts come closer together (bending the knee).

Flexion

Diarthrotic

Freely movable

Joint formed by the union of a cone-shaped bony process in a bony socket

Gomphosis

Convex surface of one bone articulates with concave surface of another

Hinge

A term sometimes used to describe the extension of the parts at a joint beyond the anatomical position (bending the head back beyond the upright position); often used to describe an abnormal extension beyond the normal range of motion, resulting in injury.

Hyperextension

Synarthrotic

Immovable

Turning the foot so the plantar surface faces medially.

Inversion

An envelope, attached to the end of each bone at the joint, enclosing the cavity of a synovial joint

Joint capsule

Intermittent disorder caused by bacterial infection

Lyme arthritis

Fibrocartilage that separates the articulating surfaces of bones in the knee; divide some synovial joint into compartments

Meniscus

Degenerative disorder of joints

Osteoarthritis

Cylindrical surface of one bone articulates with ring of bone and ligament

Pivot

Articulating surfaces are nearly flat or slightly curved

Plane

Movement at the ankle that brings the foot farther from the shin (walking or standing on one's toes).

Plantar flexion

Rotation of the forearm so the palm is downward or facing posteriorly (in anatomical position). Prone refers to the body lying face down.

Pronation

Moving a part forward (thrusting the head forward).

Protraction

Moving a part backward (pulling the head backward).

Retraction

Inflammation of a joint due to autoimmune condition

Rheumatoid arthritis

Moving a part around an axis (twisting the head from side to side). Medial (internal) rotation is the turning of a limb on its longitudinal axis so its anterior surface moves toward the midline, whereas lateral (external) rotation is the turning of a limb on its longitudinal axis in the opposite direction.

Rotation

Articulating surfaces have both concave and convex regions; surface of one bone fits the complementary surface of another

Saddle

Amphiarthrotic

Slightly movable

Torn or overstretched tendons or ligaments

Sprain

Rotation of the forearm so the palm is upward or facing anteriorly (in anatomical position). Supine refers to the body lying face up.

Supination

Broad margins of adjacent bones join together and unite by a thin layer of dense connective tissue; between flat bones of skull

Sutures

Found where articular surfaces of the bones are covered by hyaline cartilage and the cartilage is attached to a pad of fibrocartilage.

Symphysis

Occurs where bones are united by hyaline cartilage that may disappear as a result of bone growth

Synchondrosis

Type of joint in which bundles of connective tissue unite bones

Syndesmosis

A ___ is a fibrous joint with bones bound by long connective tissue fibers, whereas a ___ is a fibrous joint where flat bones are united by a thin layer of connective tissue

Syndesmosis, suture

Types of fibrous joints

Syndesmosis, sutures, gomphosis

Membrane that forms the inner lining of the capsule of a freely movable joint; secretes what?

Synovial membrane; synovial fluid

Freely moveable type of joint which most joints are; consist of

Synovial; Articular cartilage, a joint capusle, and synovial membrane

Joint movements occur when a muscle contracts and the muscle fibers pull the muscle's movable end of attachment, the ___, toward its fixed end, the ___.

insertion, origin