A&P Ch.8 Objectives

Identify the structural components of a synovial joint, including accessory structures such as ligaments, tendons, bursae, and tendon sheaths

Joint cavity, Articular capsule, synovial fluid, Articular cartilage, ligaments, tendons , bursae, and tendon sheaths

Discuss the common features of cartilaginous joints. Describe the two subclasses od cartilaginous joints and provide examples of where each are located

1. Cartilaginous joints are where the articulating bones are held together by cartilage. Cartilaginous joints lack a joint cavity and allow for little of any motion. -Synchondrosis: consists if bones linked together by hyaline cartilage. ex- epiphyseal plates -Symphysis: joint where bones are united by a fibrocartilagenous pad or plug. ex- intervertebral joints and pubic symphysis

Discuss the common features of fibrous joints. Describe the three sub classes of fibrous joints and provide examples of where each are located

1. Fibrous joints are where two bones are joined by dense regular Collagenous Connective tissue. Collagen fibers lend stability to the joints but permit little if any motion. -Suture: immoveable (synarthrotic) joint between edges of bones that make up cranium; fully fused sutures are very stable, well suited for protecting brain -Gomphosis: immoveable ( synarthrotic) joint between each tooth and its bony socket in jaw; periodontal ligament is a strong fibrous membrane that links the tooth firmly to jaw bone -Syndesmoses: joint between tibia, fibula, ulna, radius; bones are joined by an interosseous membrane or ligament composed of dense regular collagenous connective tissue, which allows for small amount of movement (amphiarthrotic)

Describe the structural classification of joints based on their anatomical features

1. Fibrous joints- fastened together by dense regular collagenous connective tissue without a joint space between articulating bones, can be synarthroses or amphiarthroses 2. Cartilaginous joints- fastened together with cartilage without a joint space; can be synarthroses or amphiarthroses 3. Synovial joints- diarthrotic joints have a layer of hyaline cartilage on articulating surface of each bone; joint space is a fluid filled cavity found between articulating bones

Describe the movements of synovial joints. Demonstrate examples of each type of movement

1. Gliding movements: gliding is a sliding motion between articulating surfaces that are non axial 2.

Describe the four functional classes of synovial joints based on axes of rotation

1. Nonaxial joints: allow motion to occur in one or more planes without moving around an axis 2. Uniaxial: allow motion around only one axis 3. Biaxial: allow motion around two axes 4. Multiaxial (triaxial): allow motion around three axes

Describe the six types of synovial joints and provide examples of each

1. Plane joint: most simple and lest mobile articulation between flat surfaces

Describe the functional classification of joints based on degree of movement allowed: synarthrosis. amphiarthrosis, and diarthrosis

1. Synarthrosis- does not allow any movement between articulating bones 2.Amphiarthrosis- allows only a small amount of movement between articulating bones 3. Diarthrosis- freely moveable, allowing a wide variety od specific movements