A&P: ch.9 Endocrine system Study module

Which of the following statements regarding pituitary hormones is FALSE? -The hypothalamus makes oxytocin and antidiuretic hormone, which are transported to the posterior pituitary for storage. -Luteinizing hormone, an anterior pituitary hormone, triggers ovulation of an egg from the ovary and causes the ruptured follicle to produce progesterone and some estrogens. -Antidiuretic hormone (ADH), released by the posterior pituitary, causes urine volume to increase as blood volume decreases. -Hyposecretion of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) or luteinizing hormone (LH) leads to sterility in both males and females.

-Antidiuretic hormone (ADH), released by the posterior pituitary, causes urine volume to increase as blood volume decreases.

Receptors for steroid hormones are found -on nutrient molecules, such as glucose -in the cytoplasm of the cells of target tissues -in the cell membranes of target tissues -in the interstitial fluid

-in the cytoplasm of the cells of target tissues

Cortisone and cortisol, important in proper stress responses, are secretions of which endocrine gland(s)? Hypothalamus Adrenal Pineal Thyroid

Adrenal

The secretions from which of these glands differs between males and females? Gonadal Pancreas Adrenal Parathyroid

Gonadal

The islets of __________ are the hormone-producing structures in the pancreas that manufacture insulin and __________. Golgi; glucagon Langerhans; calcitonin Langerhans; cortisol Langerhans; glucagon

Langerhans; glucagon

Name the gland that is located at the base of the throat, just inferior to the laryngeal prominence ("Adam's apple"). Hypothalamus Pineal gland Pituitary Thyroid

Thyroid

Which gland controls basal metabolic rate? Thyroid Pancreas Testes Parathyroid

Thyroid

Failure of the pituitary to stop producing growth hormone (GH) after body growth is completed results in __________. gigantism tetany acromegaly kidney failure

acromegaly

What gland is located just superior to each kidney? Ovaries Adrenal Pancreas Pituitary

adrenal

Two terms that are paired incorrectly are __________. cortisol, adrenal cortex corticosteroid, adrenal medulla tetany, parathyroids calcitonin, thyroid

corticosteroid, adrenal medulla

Endocrine glands differ from exocrine glands in that __________. -endocrine glands are ductless, and exocrine glands release secretions at the body's surface or into ducts -endocrine glands are all interconnected, whereas exocrine glands act completely independently -endocrine glands are formed by epithelial tissue, but exocrine glands are primarily connective tissue -endocrine glands release hormones, whereas exocrine glands release waste

endocrine glands are ductless, and exocrine glands release secretions at the body's surface or into ducts

An enlargement of the thyroid gland is the condition known as __________. parathyroidism acromegaly goiter Cushing's disease

goiter

Stimuli, such as changing blood levels of certain ions and nutrients that trigger hormone release, are called __________ stimuli. -humoral -enzymatic -neural -hormonal

humoral

The two mechanisms that hormones use to trigger changes in cells depend on whether the hormone is water or __________ soluble. nucleic acid carbon dioxide lipid carbohydrate

lipid

The hormone involved in rhythmic activities, such as day/night and seasonal changes, is calcitonin thymosin melatonin estrogen

melatonin

Most hormones of the endocrine system are regulated by a __________. positive feedback mechanism hormone-gene complex negative feedback mechanism hormone-receptor complex

negative feedback mechanism

The hormone that stimulates the contraction of smooth muscle in the uterus is -luteinizing hormone -oxytocin -follicle-stimulating hormone -prolactin

oxytocin

The posterior pituitary stores and releases -prolactin and oxytocin -growth hormone and prolactin -oxytocin and antidiuretic hormone (ADH) -ADH and growth hormone

oxytocin and antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

Located laterally on the thyroid, the __________ glands secrete hormones that regulate calcium levels in blood. parathyroid testis pancreas adrenal

parathyroid

Calcium level in the blood is regulated by the __________. parathyroid and thymus testes parathyroid and thyroid adrenal medulla and pancreas

parathyroid and thyroid

This gland plays an important role in maintaining the body's day-night cycle Pancreas Pineal Thymus Pituitary

pineal

The __________ gland is often referred to as the "master gland" due to the extent of its effect. pineal pituitary pancreas thyroid

pituitary

The placenta plays a primary role in the development of a fetus, but it also secretes a hormone called __________, which makes the pelvic outlet structures more flexible. relaxin luteinizing hormone prolactin oxytocin

relaxin

An individual hormone affects only certain tissue cells called its __________ cells. second messenger target local stem

target