A&P CHAPTER 1
When our body temperature rises above 37 C or 98 F, a negative feedback mechanism will be triggered to lower the body temp. As a result, our sweat glands release sweat to cool the body temp. What part of the negative feedback mechanism is the sweat gland?
effector
Nerve impulses involve the flow of an electrical current, a type of energy known as ________ energy. mechanical radiant electrical chemical
electrical
nerve impulses involve the flow of an electrical current, a type of energy known as
electrical energy
The system that controls and coordinates the body using hormones is the ________. skeletal system endocrine system integumentary system digestive system nervous system
endocrine system
Saturated fats ________. have two fatty acid chains contain many double bonds are formed from four interlocking carbon rings exist as liquids and are derived from plants exist as solids at room temperature
exist as solids at room temperature
The orbital cavities house the ________. mouth ears nose eyes
eyes
A solution with a pH of 3 has 20 times more hydrogen ions than a solution with a pH of 5. True False
false
Inactive or stored energy is called kinetic energy. True False
false
When we imagine a person exhibiting anatomical position, the palms of the hands are assumed to be facing ________. behind to the side down forward
forward
Enzymes are examples of ________ proteins. globular (functional) fibrous alpha structural
globular (functional)
Which carbohydrate is also known as blood sugar? ribose sucrose cellulose glucose deoxyribose
glucose
Which polysaccharide is formed of linked glucose molecules and stored in animal tissues? cellulose glucose ribose glycogen starch
glycogen
Which property of water explains its ability to prevent sudden changes in body temperature? cushioning high heat capacity chemical reactant polarity
high heat capacity
The body's ability to maintain stable internal conditions is referred to as ________. metabolism homeostasis output irritability
homeostasis
Which of the following would be classified as an enzyme? cholesterol ATP triglyceride cellulose hydrolase
hydrolase
Which of the following leads to an increase in the rate of a chemical reaction? few particles increased temperature large particle size lack of catalysts decreased temperature
increased temperatures
Which of the following is NOT a subatomic particle associated with an atom? ion proton electron neutron
ion
which of the following is NOT a subatomic particle associated with an atom
ion
What type of bond results when electrons are completely transferred from one atom to another? carbon bond hydrogen bond polar covalent bond ionic bond nonpolar covalent bond
ionic bond
which letter in Figure 2.1 represents a globular protein in its quaternary structure
label B
which letter in Figure 2.1 represents a carbohydrate polymer
label c
identify the structure that separates the thoracic cavity from the rest of the ventral cavity in Figure 1.1
label d
The surgeon created an opening in the chest during surgery. The incision was made along a plane that equally separated the right and left halves of the thoracic cavity. This section is known as a(n) ________. parasagittal section frontal section horizontal section median (midsagittal) section transverse section
median (midsagittal) section
.... refers to all of the chemical reactions in the body
metabolism
isotopes have different numbers of...; thus they also have different ....
neutrons; atomic masses
letter E in figure 2.1 represents a nucleic acid building block known as a
nucleotide
the number of protons always equals the ... in a neutral atom
number of electrons
The most common element in the human body is ________. carbon oxygen nitrogen hydrogen
oxygen
label F in Figure 1.1 points to the .... cavity
pelvic
Glycogen and starch are examples of a specific category of carbohydrates called ________. monosaccharides steroids polysaccharides triglycerides
polysaccharides
milk production during breastfeeding is increased by the suckling of a newborn from his mothers nipple. This type of feedback mechanism best describes ....
positive feedback
During a synthesis reaction, amino acids join to form ________. nucleic acids monomers carbohydrates proteins
proteins
The organic compounds that function in building tissues and acting as enzymes are the ________. salts proteins lipids nucleic acids carbohydrates
proteins
An acid is a molecule that releases (donates) ________. neutrons protons (hydrogen ions) hydroxyl ions electrons
protons (hydrogen ions)
The atomic mass number of an atom is equivalent to the number of ________. neutrons electrons protons and neutrons protons protons and electrons
protons and neutrons
the atomic mass number of an atom is equivalent to the number of
protons and neutrons
which of the following elements of a control system detects a change
receptor
what are the three main components of a homeostatic control system
receptor, control center, and effector
Which body cavity is included in the dorsal cavity? abdominopelvic cavity spinal cavity orbital cavity nasal cavity thoracic cavity
spinal cavity
the net effect of the effector is to shut off the original.... or reduce its intensity; during the negative feedback mechanism to restore homeostasis
stimulus
The thoracic cavity is ________ to the abdominopelvic cavity. superior inferior proximal dorsal lateral
superior
The lungs and heart are situated in the ________ body cavity. spinal dorsal cranial abdominopelvic thoracic
thoracic
Which cavity houses the mediastinum?
thoracic
The building blocks of a triglyceride are ________. nucleotides four interlocking rings of carbon and hydrogen atoms one fatty acid chain and one glycerol molecule amino acids three fatty acid chains and one glycerol molecule
three fatty acid chains and one glycerol molecule
The complementary base to adenine in a molecule of DNA is ________. leucine thymine cytosine guanine
thymine
the diaphragm creates a .... section between the thoracic and abdominal cavities
transverse
letter D in figure 2.1 represents the structure of a
triglyceride
Amino acids are the building blocks for proteins. True False
true
Disruption of the hydrogen bonds of functional proteins leads to their denaturation. True False
true
Electrolytes conduct electrical currents in solution. True False
true
Inorganic compounds lack carbon and tend to be small, simple molecules. True False
true
Neutralization reactions that occur between an acid and a base are a type of exchange reaction. True False
true
The lower the pH, the greater the number of hydrogen ions released by a chemical into solution. True False
true
Water is the single most abundant inorganic compound in the human body. True False
true
Shell 1 of an atom can hold a maximum of ________ electron(s). 8 18 4 1 2
2
An atom with 13 electrons will have _____ electrons in the outer most valence shell.
3
An atom with 13 electrons will have ________ electrons in the valence shell. 2 8 5 3
3
Identify the nucleic acid. oxidase DNA cholesterol glucose triglyceride
DNA
What is the function of DNA? DNA serves as a form of chemical energy that all body cells can use. DNA carries out the orders for protein synthesis issued by RNA. DNA provides instructions for building every protein in the body. DNA increases the rate of a chemical reaction without becoming part of the product. DNA serves as the most important fuel for body cells.
DNA provides instructions for building every protein in the body.
label E in figure 1.1 points to the .... cavity
abdominal
Which of the following DNA base pairs is complementary? thymine and guanine guanine and uracil adenine and thymine adenine and guanine cytosine and adenine
adenine and thymine
The building blocks of proteins are ________. amino acids fatty acids nucleic acids nucleotides monosaccharides
amino acids
Ventral is a directional term synonymous with __________ in humans.
anterior
Which directional term best describes the location of the human nose? distal posterior inferior anterior lateral
anterior
Matter is best described as
anything that occupies space and has mass
Matter is best described as ________. the ability to do work having no mass the ability to put matter into motion anything that occupies space and has mass
anything that occupies space and has mass
Elements are composed of building blocks known as ________. molecules compounds polymers protons atoms
atoms
elements are composed of building blocks known as
atoms
A body part that is considered lateral is assumed to be ________. toward the head end of the body away from the midline of the body close to the origin of a body part toward or at the front of the body toward the midline of the body
away from the midline of the body
Enzymes are ________. not reuseable carbohydrates stable at high temperatures biological catalysts required in large amounts in order to be effective
biological catalysts
A nucleotide of DNA contain three components: ________, ________, and ________. ribose; three phosphate groups; nitrogen-containing base ribose; a phosphate group; nitrogen-containing base ribose; two phosphate groups; acid group deoxyribose; a phosphate group; nitrogen-containing base
deoxyribose; a phosphate group; nitrogen-containing base
Which two organ systems include the pancreas? digestive and respiratory systems endocrine and respiratory systems digestive and endocrine systems reproductive and urinary systems urinary and respiratory systems
digestive and endocrine systems
What are two organ systems that are involved in the excretion of wastes from the body? digestive and urinary endocrine and nervous muscular and skeletal cardiovascular and skeletal cardiovascular and nervous
digestive and urinary
The ________ system rids the body of indigestible food residue in feces while the ________ system removes nitrogen-containing metabolic waste in urine. urinary; digestive reproductive; digestive cardiovascular; urinary digestive; urinary
digestive; urinary
where are your feet in relation to your knees
distal
The vertebral region is ________ to the sternal region. dorsal (posterior) medial lateral ventral (anterior
dorsal (posterior)
the two major body cavities are the .... and ....
dorsal and ventral
Unsaturated fatty acid chains contain one or more ________ bonds between carbon atoms. double peptide monosaccharide triple
double
Which of the following lipids is formed of four interlocking carbon rings? cholesterol unsaturated fat phospholipid triglyceride trans fat
cholesterol
An atom has 6 protons, 8 neutrons, and 6 electrons. Its atomic mass number is ________. 8 2 20 6 14
14
Which statement best describes why ATP is an important nucleic acid in the body? ATP carries out the orders for protein synthesis issued by DNA. ATP provides a form of chemical energy all body cells can use. ATP functions as a catalyst to increase reaction rates. ATP is a modified RNA molecule used to store genetic information. ATP is the storage form of glucose in the body.
ATP provides a form of chemical energy all body cells can use.
Which of the following represents the chemical level of structure in the human body? organ systems tissues cells organs atoms
Atoms
The major organs of the cardiovascular system are the ________. bones, cartilages, ligaments, and joints pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi and lungs brain, spinal cord, nerves, sensory receptors heart and blood vessels skeletal muscles
Heart and blood vessels
Which system covers the external surface of the body and protects deeper tissues? endocrine system nervous system lymphatic system integumentary system skeletal system
Integumentary system
Which of the following is the smallest unit of all living things? organ system tissue organ cell
cell
Identify the cavity that houses the spinal cord in Figure 1.1
Label B
identify the cavity that houses the heart and lungs (and other organs) in Figure 1.1
Label C
Which of the following contains sodium? H2O NaCl N2 CH4 H2SO4
NaCl
the most common element in the human body is
Oxygen
A molecule with the sequence of AUCGUCA should be categorized as ________. ATP RNA an enzyme a triglyceride DNA
RNA
What is the major function of the lymphatic system
Return leaked fluids back to the cardiovascular system
Andy sustained a baseball hit to his cranial cavity. Which bones were fractured? hips ribs vertebrae skull
Skull
The main function of the respiratory system is to ________. break down food and deliver the products to the blood for dispersal control body activities through hormones released into the blood produce sperm and eggs supply the body with oxygen and remove carbon dioxide transport oxygen, nutrients, and wastes to and from body cells and tissues
Supply the body with oxygen and remove carbon dioxide
Which type of section could be used to separate the thoracic cavity from the abdominopelvic cavity? ventral transverse dorsal sagittal coronal
Transverse
The heart and blood vessels are the primary organs of the ________ system. integumentary muscular lymphatic cardiovascular
cardiovascular
An atom of magnesium has lost two electrons. It is known as a(n) ________.
cation
Polar molecules, like water, result when electrons are shared ________. between ions or transferred between atoms unequally between atoms equally between atoms
unequally between atoms
Which of these vitamins is produced in skin upon exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation? vitamin E vitamin A vitamin D vitamin K vitamin C
vitamin D
What accounts for 60 to 80 percent of the body's weight? carbon minerals carbohydrates water
water
Which of the following is NOT considered a nutrient? water vitamins proteins carbohydrates minerals
water