A&P Chapter 14 Study Questions

What would happen to a cell exposed to the toxins in tobacco smoke if it had the right receptors to respond? It would activate or inactivate an enzyme. Levels of cAMP would increase. It would decrease its activity. Ion channels would open.

ion channels would open

Which of the following might result from activation of a beta receptor? increased heart rate initiation of an action potential increased fat storage contraction of smooth muscle

increased heart rate

Activation of the parasympathetic division of the ANS results in: educed digestive and urinary functions. increased metabolic rate. increased motility and blood flow in the digestive tract. activation of sweat glands

increased motility and blood flow in the digestive tract

The sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions of the ANS: may work together, each controlling a stage of a complex process. cannot work independently. always have opposing effects. never innervate the same organ.

may work together, each controlling a stage of a complex process

Regarding the dual autonomic innervation of the heart: parasympathetic effects predominate at rest. decreased parasympathetic stimulation lowers the heart rate. increased sympathetic stimulation combined with parasympathetic inhibition results in a decrease in heart rate. sympathetic stimulation decreases the heart rate.

parasympathetic effects predominate at rest

Chemoreceptors of the carotid bodies function via which cranial nerve to trigger reflexive adjustments in respiratory and cardiovascular activity? CN VII CN X CN IX CN III

CN IX

Which cranial nerve alone provides roughly 75 percent of all parasympathetic outflow? CN VII CN IX CN III CN X

CN X

Which of the following is a characteristic of the enteric nervous system? It is found in the walls of the heart. Many complex visceral reflexes of the ENS are initiated and coordinated through the CNS. The ENS contains around one million neurons. It has all of the neurotransmitters found in the brain.

It has all of the neurotransmitters found in the brain.

Which is correct regarding neurotransmitter release in the sympathetic division? Their receptors are located on the surfaces of all postganglionic cells and at neuromuscular junctions of the SNS. Neurotransmitter release always involves muscarinic receptors. Norepinephrine and epinephrine interact with adrenergic receptors in the plasma membrane. It never involves activation of G proteins.

Norepinephrine and epinephrine interact with adrenergic receptors in the plasma membrane

Which of the following receptor types would respond most strongly to norepinephrine? nicotinic receptors muscarinic receptors alpha receptors beta receptors

alpha receptors

A sudden decline in blood pressure in the carotid artery is a stimulus for which visceral reflex? cardioacceleratory reflex vasomotor reflex pupillary reflex baroreceptor reflex

cardioacceleratory reflex

Nuclei in which structure(s) control basic visceral reflex patterns? hypothalamus limbic system spinal cord and brain stem cerebral cortex

spinal cord and brain stem

Which of the following is true regarding the ANS? The cell bodies of the upper motor neurons lie within the nuclei of the brain or at the primary motor cortex. The integrative centers for autonomic activity are located in the hypothalamus. There is a single lower motor neuron in the autonomic centers of the ANS. Ganglionic neurons in autonomic ganglia control skeletal muscles.

the integrative centers for the autonomic activity are located in the hypothalamus

Which is a characteristic of the parasympathetic division of the ANS? Preganglionic fibers are generally short. Postganglionic fibers are generally long. PNS ganglia are located near the vertebral column. The location of PNS ganglia is typically intramural.

the location of PNS ganglia is typically intramural