A&P Chapter 24 Homework

Red blood cells lack mitochondria. As a result, ATP production is solely through ________.

. glycolysis

Which type of nutrient functions primarily as an energy source for cells?

Carbohydrates

Which of the following is represented by the membrane indicated in the figure?

inner mitochondrial membrane

The most abundant dietary lipids are ________.

triglycerides

Which of the following is NOT considered a nutrient?

ATP

T/F: Most of the ATP synthesized during cellular respiration is the result of substrate level phosphorylation.

False

Minerals required by the body in moderate amounts include all of the following EXCEPT ________.

Iron and Selenium

Which of the following nutrients is NOT matched with one of its functions in the body? lipids: major energy source for skeletal muscle and hepatocytes vitamins: act as coenzymes proteins: structural materials of the body carbohydrates: can serve as hormones

carbohydrates: can serve as hormones

Lipogenesis occurs when

cellular ATP and glucose levels are high

Which nutrient molecule cannot be used in the oxidative pathways of cellular respiration?

cholesterol

What protein (purine)-rich food should be limited to prevent a reoccurrence of uric acid kidney stones?

eggs

Which of the following food groups are considered good sources of complete proteins?

eggs, milk, yogurt, meat, and fish

Which term describes the action of an endurance runner the night before the race as she "carbo-loads" when eating a large pasta dinner?

glycogenesis

Breakdown of glycogen to release glucose.

glycogenolysis

Glucose can be obtained from ________. A) glycogenolysis B) triglyceride anabolism C) protein anabolism D) lipogenesis

glycogenolysis

Breakdown of glucose to pyruvic acid.

glycolysis

Synthesis of lipids from glucose or amino acids.

lipogenesis

Which of the following is not catabolic?

lipogenesis

Splitting of triglycerides into glycerol and fatty acids.

lipolysis

It is important to ensure that your diet is adequately rich in vitamins because ________.

most vitamins are coenzymes needed to help the body utilize essential nutrients

In India, rice is a large part of the diet. Lack of which vitamin in rice would lead to higher levels of blindness in this population?

vitamin A

Which of the following is NOT a fat-soluble vitamin?

vitamin B

__________ refers to reactions in which small molecules are combined to build larger molecules.

Anabolism

Protein malnutrition can result in a moderate anemia. Which of the below-listed vitamins would be most likely to be associated with this condition?

B12

Which of the following best defines negative nitrogen balance?

Protein breakdown exceeds protein synthesis.

T/F: For use as fuel, all food carbohydrates are eventually transformed to glucose.

True

T/F: In order for amino acids to be oxidized for energy, the amine group (NH2) must be removed.

True

T/F: It would not be healthy to eliminate all fats from your diet because they serve a useful purpose in maintaining the body.

True

In the liver, the amine group of glutamic acid is removed as ________ in the oxidative state.

ammonia

Redox reactions __________.

are characterized by one substance's gaining an electron while another substance loses an electron

Conversion of fatty acids into acetyl groups.

beta oxidation

The movement of H+ through the ATP synthase is best described as an example of __________.

facilitated diffusion

T/F: The preferred energy fuel for the brain is fat.

false

Which of the following nutrients yield the highest amount of energy per gram when metabolized?

fats

When ketone bodies are present in the blood and urine in large amounts, it usually indicates increased metabolism of ________.

fatty acids

Formation of glucose from proteins or fats.

gluconeogenesis

Storage of glucose in the form of glycogen.

glycogenesis

Which of the following provides a good source of complex carbohydrates?

grain

Cholesterol, though it is NOT an energy molecule, has importance in the body because it ________.

is a stabilizing component of the plasma membranes and is the parent molecule of steroid hormones

formation of ketone bodies

ketogenesis

Which of the following statements best describes complete protein?

must contain all the body's amino acid requirements for tissue maintenance and growth

Which of the following mechanisms produces the most ATP during cellular respiration?

oxidative phosphorylation

The term metabolism is best defined as ________.

the sum of all biochemical reactions in the body

Transamination is the process whereby the amine group of an amino acid is ________.

transferred to a keto acid

T/F: Glycogenesis occurs when ATP levels are high and glucose is abundant.

true

When proteins undergo deamination, the waste substance found in the urine is mostly ________.

urea

Ammonia, which is a byproduct of protein metabolism, is converted to __________ primarily in the __________.

urea; liver