A&P chapter 4
inflammation of hair follicles and sebaceous glands
boils and carbuncles
dry, dead flakes of stratum corneum
dandruff
the two main layers of skin are
epidermis and dermis
the sebaceous and sweat glands with the skin are classified as ________ glands because they release secretion to the skin's surface via ducts
exocrine
Although you get wet while swimming, which tough protein within the skin prevents it from soaking up moisture like a sponge?
keratin
what skin disorder is recognized using the ABCDE rule
melanoma
upper layer of the dermis that forms the papillae
papillary layer of dermis
which of the following contains chemicals that kill bacteria and prevent bacterial invasions of the skin
sebum
which membrane is constructed of a visceral and parietal layer
serous
the epidermis is composed of
stratified squamous epithelium
Jan got her microscope slides mixed up in lab as they were unlabeled. The slide with abundant adipose tissue should be labeled as the ________.
subcutaneous tissue
type of membrane that lines the fibrous capsules surrounding joints
synovial membrane
which of the following membranes is composed of loose areolar connective tissue
synovial membrane
Virus that produces cold sores
Herpes simplex
which of the following is an indication of melanome
a pigmented spot that contains areas of different colors
cell responsible for alerting and activating an immune response to a bacterial or viral invasion
epidermal dendritic cell
Joe just burned himself on a hot pot. A blister forms and the burn is painful. Joe's burn would best be described as a third-degree burn.
false
The reason that the nail bed appears pink is the presence of a large number of melanocytes in the underlying dermis.
false
When an individual is exposed to extremely low air temperatures, the capillaries of the skin will dilate so that blood will flush into skin capillary beds and heat will radiate
false
collagen and elastic fibers are common in the epidermis of the skin
false
synovial membrane occurs in pairs with a parietal and visceral layer
false
the ABCDE rule is used for classifying burns
false
the epidermis is made mostly of dense connective tissue
false
what type of burn only involves injury to the superficial epidermis
first
burn in which only the epidermis becomes red and swollen
first degree burn
where does hair growth occur
hair matrix
when james shaves his face, which portion of the hair is removed
hair shaft
staphylococcus bacterial infection causing water-filled lesions, commonly around the mouth and nose
impetigo
the staphylococcus infection of the skin causes pink, water-filled, raised lesions is known as
impetigo
The skin and its derivatives (nails, glands, and hairs) form the:
integumentary system
which of the following abnormal skin colors results from liver disorders
jaundice
cells commonly found in the epidermis that produces keratin
keratinocyte
where are mucous membranes found
lining the inside of the stomach
the white crescent area located over the nail matrix is called the
lunule
cancer of melanocytes
malignant melanoma
hair color is due to a pigment known as
melanin
the "tanning" effect that occurs when a person is exposed to the sun is due to the increased presence of
melanin
which of the following are pigments that contribute to skin color
melanin, carotene, hemoglobin
cell that produces a pigment known as melanin
melanocyte
which of the following membranes lines body cavities that are open to the exterior
mucous
Type of membrane adapted for absorption or secretion
mucous membrane
type of membrane that lines open body cavities
mucous membrane
fingerprints and footprints in the epidermis are created by dermal papillae present in the
papillary layer of the dermis
which of the following is a lubricant that keeps skin soft and moist and also contains chemicals that kill bacteria
sebum
a nurse tends to a patient with a sunburn. upon examination, she sees blisters and red skin. what type of burn does the patient most likely have
second degree
the pleura and pericardium are examples of __________membranes that cover organs in a body cavity to the exterior
serous
Peritoneum, pericardium, and pleura are examples of this type of membrane
serous membrane
type of membrane that contains a visceral and a parietal layer
serous membrane
type of membrane that lines the body cavities closed to the exterior
serous membrane
cancer of stratum spinosum cells
squamous cell carcinoma
deepest layer of the epidermis that is situated closest to the dermis
stratum basale
which layer of the epidermis forms the nail bed
stratum basale
superficial layer of the epidermis made of 20-30 cell layers of dead, keratin-filled cells
stratum corneum
what layer is affected when a scrape affects the most superficial epidermal layer
stratum corneum
which layer of the epidermis is composed of flattened, dead, keratin-filled cells
stratum corneum
hypodermis
subcutaneous tissue
the ____________ membrane lines the fibrous capsule surrounding joints
synovial
which of the following reduces friction in movable joints, such as the knee
synovial fluid
in order to warm the body up when cold,
the arrector pili muscles contract to stand hairs upright
which of the following is a vital function of the skin
the skin converts modified epidermal cholesterol to vitamin D
the arrector pili muscle contracts and pulls hairs upright when we are cold or frightened
true
the connective tissue composing the dermis is made of two regions: the papillary and the reticular areas
true
the majority of the cells in the epidermis are keratinocytes
true
the pigments that contribute to skin color are melanin, carotene, and hemoglobin
true
the rule of nines is used to estimate how much of the body surface is burned
true
a physician estimates the volume of fluid lost in a severely burned patient by
using the "rule of nines"
which vitamin is synthesized by the skin
vitamin D
infection of the sebaceous gland and the formation of pimples
acne
a genetic switch turns on male pattern baldness in response to
age
malignancy of the lowest epidermal layer
basal cell carcinoma
which of the following is a skin cancer that accounts for 80% of all skin cancer cases and affects the cells of stratum basale
basal cell carcinoma
people who produce a lot of melanin have a skin tone that is
brown
what provides toughness to the dermis and holds water in this skin layer
collagen fibers
the outermost layer of the epidermis keratinized and known as stratum ___________
corneum
the only dry membrane is the
cutaneous membrane
type of membrane that forms the skin
cutaneous membrane
skin inflammation
dermatitis
which of the following letters in the ABCDE rule for recognizing melanomas is incorrect
diagnosis
nutrients reach the surface of the skin through the process of
diffusion
what type of cutaneous gland produces sweat that cools the body upon evaporation from the skin
eccrine gland
squamous cell carcinoma arises from cells of the stratum spinosum
true
sebaceous glands and sweat glands are cutaneous glands associated with the skin
true
full thickness burn of the skin in which the skin becomes blackened or blanched
third degree burn
apocrine gland secretions are normally odorless, and may be milky or yellowish in color
true
apocrine glands are associated with hair follicles in the armpit and genital regions
true
both nails and hair are produced by stratum basale of the epidermis
true
both serous fluid and synovial fluid serve as lubricants in their respective locations
true
nails and hair are both composed of keratin
true