A&P chapter 4 study guide
Type of epithelial tissue: propels sheets of mucus
A ciliated epithelium
Element of connective tissue: In a loose CT, the non-dividing cells that store nutrients
Adipocytes
Identify the type of connective tissue: insulates the body
Adipose connective tissue
Identify the type of connective tissue: stores fat
Adipose connective tissue
Identify the type of connective tissue: composes the basement membrane; surrounds and cushions blood vessels and nerves; its gel-like matrix contains all categories of fibers and many cell types
Areolar connective tissue
Which tissue type: forms the brain and spinal cord
Brain
which type of muscle tissue: contains cylindrical cells with branching ends
Cardiac
which type of muscle tissue: is displayed in intercalated discs
Cardiac
which type of muscle tissue: tissue of the circulatory pump
Cardiac
which type of muscle tissue: changes the internal volume of an organ as it contracts
Cardiac, Smooth
which type of muscle tissue: is involuntarily controlled
Cardiac, Smooth
which type of muscle tissue: is uninucleate
Cardiac, Smooth
List the 6 special characteristics of epithelium
Cellularity, specialized contacts (junctions), polarity, avascularity, regeneration, and supported by connective tissue
Element of connective tissue: Living elements that maintain the firm, flexible matrix in cartilage
Chondrocytes
Element of connective tissue: tough protein fibers that resist stretching or longitudinal treading
Collagen fibers
Identify the structural class of the gland: branched ducts
Compound gland
Which tissue type: characterized by having large amounts of extracellular material
Connective
Which tissue type: supports and reinforces body organs
Connective
Which tissue type: surrounds and cushions body organs
Connective
Which tissue type: widely distributed; found in bones; cartilages, and fat depots
Connective
Identify the type of connective tissue: the skin dermis
Dense irregular connective
Identify the type of connective tissue: parallel bundles of collagenic fibers provide strength; found in tendons
Dense regular connective
Identify the type of connective tissue: found in external ear and auditory tube
Elastic cartilage
Identify the type of connective tissue: forms the "stretchy" ligaments of the vertebral column
Elastic connective tissue
Element of connective tissue: Randomly coiled protein fibers that recoil after being stretched
Elastic fibers
Identify the gland: examples are the thyroid and adrenal glands
Endocrine
Identify the gland: glands secrete regulatory hormones directly into blood and lymph
Endocrine
Type of epithelial tissue: allows small molecules to pass through rapidly
Endothelium
Which tissue type: cells of this tissue may absorb and/or secrete substances
Epithelium
Which tissue type: forms endocrine and exocrine glands
Epithelium
Which tissue type: forms membranes
Epithelium
Identify the gland: duct from this gland type carries secretions to target organ or location
Exocrine
Identify the gland: examples are the liver, which produces bile, and the pancreas, which produces digestive enzymes
Exocrine
Identify the gland: the more numerous of the 2 types of glands
Exocrine
True/false: granulation tissue resists infection by secreting virus-inhibiting substances
False: bacteria inhibiting not virus inhibiting
True/false: Intact capillaries near an injury dilate, leaking plasma, blood cells, and antibodies, which cause the blood to clot. The clot at the surface dries to form a scab
False: clotting proteins not antibodies
True/false: problems associated with regeneration include shrinking, loss of elasticity, and formation of adhesions
False: fibrosis not regeneration
True/false: During organization, the first phase of tissue repair, capillary buds invade the clot, forming a delicate pink tissues called endodermal tissue
False: granulation not endodermal
True/false: the nonspecific response of the body to injury is called regeneration?
False: inflammation not regeneration
True/False: Most exocrine glands are apocrine
False: merocrine not apocrine
True/False: in apocrine glands, secretions are produced and released immediately by exocytosis
False: merocrine not apocrine
True/False: a sweat gland is an example of a holocrine gland
False: merocrine not holocrine
True/false: damage is not too severe, the surface epithelium migrates beneath the dry scab and across the surface of the granulation tissue. this repair process is called proliferation
False: regeneration not proliferation
True/False: in apocrine glands, the secretory cells die when they pinch off at the apex to release secretions
False: they repair not die
Identify the type of connective tissue: contains collagenous fibers; found in intervertebral discs
Fibrocartilage
Element of connective tissue: The medium through which nutrients and other substances diffuse
Ground substance
Element of connective tissue: The structural element of areolar tissue that is fluid and provides reservoir of water and salts for neighboring tissues
Ground substance
Element of connective tissue: is composed of glycoproteins and water-binding glycosaminoglycans
Ground substance
Element of connective tissue: Primary bone marrow cell type that remains actively mitotic
Hemocytoblast
Identify the type of connective tissue: firm, slightly "rubbery" matrix; milky white and glassy in appearance
Hyaline cartilage
Identify the type of connective tissue: forms the embryonic skeleton; covers surfaces of bones at joints; reinforces the trachea
Hyaline cartilage
Element of connective tissue: Large, irregularly shaped cells, widely distributed, often found in CT; they engulf cellular debris and foreign matter and are active in immunity
Macrophages
Element of connective tissue: is composed of ground substance and structural protein fibers
Matrix
Element of connective tissue: the embryonic tissue that gives rise to all types of CT
Mesenchyme
Identify the type of connective tissue: found in umbilical cord
Mucous connective
Which tissue type: allows for movement of limbs and for organ movements within the body
Muscle
Which tissue type: allows you to smile, grasp, swim, ski, and throw a ball
Muscle
Which tissue type: its cells shorten to exert force
Muscle
Identify the gland: duct from ovary that carried ovum (egg) to uterus
Neither
Which tissue type: basis of the major controlling system of the body
Nervous
Which tissue type: uses electrochemical signals to carry out its functions
Nervous
Identify the type of connective tissue: cells are arranged in concentric circles around a nutrient canal; matrix is hard due to calcium salts
Osseous tissue
Identify the type of connective tissue: hardest tissue of our "skull cap"
Osseous tissue
Cellular elements that produce the collagen fibers of bone matrix
Osteoblasts
List the 6 major functions of epithelium
Protection, absorption, filtration, excretion, secretion, and sensory reception
Type of epithelial tissue: lines much of the respiratory tract
Psuedostratified ciliated columnar
Identify the type of connective tissue: makes supporting framework of lymphoid organs
Reticular connective tissue
Element of connective tissue: Fine, branching protein fibers that construct a supportive network
Reticular fibers
Identify the structural class of the gland: flask-shaped, unbranched ducts
Simple alveolar gland
Type of epithelial tissue: Lines the stomach and most of the intestines
Simple columnar
Type of epithelial tissue: provides absorption, secretion, or ion transport
Simple comulnar
Type of epithelial tissue: endothelium and mesothelium
Simple squamous
Identify the structural class of the gland: slender, straight gland, unbranched
Simple tubular gland
which type of muscle tissue: concerned with locomotion of the body as a whole
Skeletal
which type of muscle tissue: contains long, nonbranching cylindrical cells
Skeletal
which type of muscle tissue: is found attached to bones
Skeletal
which type of muscle tissue: is multinucleate
Skeletal
which type of muscle tissue: is voluntarily controlled
Skeletal
which type of muscle tissue: has banded appearance
Skeletal, Cardiac
which type of muscle tissue: enables you to swallow
Skeletal, Smooth
Type of epithelial tissue: lines the inside of the urinary bladder
Transitional
Type of epithelial tissue: stretches
Transitional
True/False: Holocrine glands store secretions until the cells rupture. Ruptured cells are replaced through mitosis
True
True/False: exocrine glands are classified functionally as merocrine, holocrine, or apocrine
True
True/False: the mammary gland is the most likely example of an apocrine gland
True
True/false: If tissue damage is very severe, tissue repair is more likely to occur by fibrosis, or scarring
True
True/false: Organization is replacement of a blood clot by granulation tissue
True
True/false: fibroblasts synthesize fibers that bridge the gap
True
True/false: The repair of cardiac muscle and nervous tissue occurs only by fibrosis
True:
Identify the structural class of the gland: combination of gland shapes
Tubuloalveolar gland
Identify the type of connective tissue: provides the medium for nutrient transport throughout the body
Vascular tissue
which type of muscle tissue: contains spindle-shaped cells
Smooth
which type of muscle tissue: is found in the walls of the small intestine, uterus, bladder, and veins
Smooth
Type of epithelial tissue: lines the inside of the mouth
Stratified squamous
Type of epithelial tissue: that provides protection
Stratified squamous
Describe how the particular structure of a neuron relates to its function in the body
The neuron has long cytoplasmic extensions that promote its ability to transmit impulses long distances within the body