A&P chapter 4 study guide

Type of epithelial tissue: propels sheets of mucus

A ciliated epithelium

Element of connective tissue: In a loose CT, the non-dividing cells that store nutrients

Adipocytes

Identify the type of connective tissue: insulates the body

Adipose connective tissue

Identify the type of connective tissue: stores fat

Adipose connective tissue

Identify the type of connective tissue: composes the basement membrane; surrounds and cushions blood vessels and nerves; its gel-like matrix contains all categories of fibers and many cell types

Areolar connective tissue

Which tissue type: forms the brain and spinal cord

Brain

which type of muscle tissue: contains cylindrical cells with branching ends

Cardiac

which type of muscle tissue: is displayed in intercalated discs

Cardiac

which type of muscle tissue: tissue of the circulatory pump

Cardiac

which type of muscle tissue: changes the internal volume of an organ as it contracts

Cardiac, Smooth

which type of muscle tissue: is involuntarily controlled

Cardiac, Smooth

which type of muscle tissue: is uninucleate

Cardiac, Smooth

List the 6 special characteristics of epithelium

Cellularity, specialized contacts (junctions), polarity, avascularity, regeneration, and supported by connective tissue

Element of connective tissue: Living elements that maintain the firm, flexible matrix in cartilage

Chondrocytes

Element of connective tissue: tough protein fibers that resist stretching or longitudinal treading

Collagen fibers

Identify the structural class of the gland: branched ducts

Compound gland

Which tissue type: characterized by having large amounts of extracellular material

Connective

Which tissue type: supports and reinforces body organs

Connective

Which tissue type: surrounds and cushions body organs

Connective

Which tissue type: widely distributed; found in bones; cartilages, and fat depots

Connective

Identify the type of connective tissue: the skin dermis

Dense irregular connective

Identify the type of connective tissue: parallel bundles of collagenic fibers provide strength; found in tendons

Dense regular connective

Identify the type of connective tissue: found in external ear and auditory tube

Elastic cartilage

Identify the type of connective tissue: forms the "stretchy" ligaments of the vertebral column

Elastic connective tissue

Element of connective tissue: Randomly coiled protein fibers that recoil after being stretched

Elastic fibers

Identify the gland: examples are the thyroid and adrenal glands

Endocrine

Identify the gland: glands secrete regulatory hormones directly into blood and lymph

Endocrine

Type of epithelial tissue: allows small molecules to pass through rapidly

Endothelium

Which tissue type: cells of this tissue may absorb and/or secrete substances

Epithelium

Which tissue type: forms endocrine and exocrine glands

Epithelium

Which tissue type: forms membranes

Epithelium

Identify the gland: duct from this gland type carries secretions to target organ or location

Exocrine

Identify the gland: examples are the liver, which produces bile, and the pancreas, which produces digestive enzymes

Exocrine

Identify the gland: the more numerous of the 2 types of glands

Exocrine

True/false: granulation tissue resists infection by secreting virus-inhibiting substances

False: bacteria inhibiting not virus inhibiting

True/false: Intact capillaries near an injury dilate, leaking plasma, blood cells, and antibodies, which cause the blood to clot. The clot at the surface dries to form a scab

False: clotting proteins not antibodies

True/false: problems associated with regeneration include shrinking, loss of elasticity, and formation of adhesions

False: fibrosis not regeneration

True/false: During organization, the first phase of tissue repair, capillary buds invade the clot, forming a delicate pink tissues called endodermal tissue

False: granulation not endodermal

True/false: the nonspecific response of the body to injury is called regeneration?

False: inflammation not regeneration

True/False: Most exocrine glands are apocrine

False: merocrine not apocrine

True/False: in apocrine glands, secretions are produced and released immediately by exocytosis

False: merocrine not apocrine

True/False: a sweat gland is an example of a holocrine gland

False: merocrine not holocrine

True/false: damage is not too severe, the surface epithelium migrates beneath the dry scab and across the surface of the granulation tissue. this repair process is called proliferation

False: regeneration not proliferation

True/False: in apocrine glands, the secretory cells die when they pinch off at the apex to release secretions

False: they repair not die

Identify the type of connective tissue: contains collagenous fibers; found in intervertebral discs

Fibrocartilage

Element of connective tissue: The medium through which nutrients and other substances diffuse

Ground substance

Element of connective tissue: The structural element of areolar tissue that is fluid and provides reservoir of water and salts for neighboring tissues

Ground substance

Element of connective tissue: is composed of glycoproteins and water-binding glycosaminoglycans

Ground substance

Element of connective tissue: Primary bone marrow cell type that remains actively mitotic

Hemocytoblast

Identify the type of connective tissue: firm, slightly "rubbery" matrix; milky white and glassy in appearance

Hyaline cartilage

Identify the type of connective tissue: forms the embryonic skeleton; covers surfaces of bones at joints; reinforces the trachea

Hyaline cartilage

Element of connective tissue: Large, irregularly shaped cells, widely distributed, often found in CT; they engulf cellular debris and foreign matter and are active in immunity

Macrophages

Element of connective tissue: is composed of ground substance and structural protein fibers

Matrix

Element of connective tissue: the embryonic tissue that gives rise to all types of CT

Mesenchyme

Identify the type of connective tissue: found in umbilical cord

Mucous connective

Which tissue type: allows for movement of limbs and for organ movements within the body

Muscle

Which tissue type: allows you to smile, grasp, swim, ski, and throw a ball

Muscle

Which tissue type: its cells shorten to exert force

Muscle

Identify the gland: duct from ovary that carried ovum (egg) to uterus

Neither

Which tissue type: basis of the major controlling system of the body

Nervous

Which tissue type: uses electrochemical signals to carry out its functions

Nervous

Identify the type of connective tissue: cells are arranged in concentric circles around a nutrient canal; matrix is hard due to calcium salts

Osseous tissue

Identify the type of connective tissue: hardest tissue of our "skull cap"

Osseous tissue

Cellular elements that produce the collagen fibers of bone matrix

Osteoblasts

List the 6 major functions of epithelium

Protection, absorption, filtration, excretion, secretion, and sensory reception

Type of epithelial tissue: lines much of the respiratory tract

Psuedostratified ciliated columnar

Identify the type of connective tissue: makes supporting framework of lymphoid organs

Reticular connective tissue

Element of connective tissue: Fine, branching protein fibers that construct a supportive network

Reticular fibers

Identify the structural class of the gland: flask-shaped, unbranched ducts

Simple alveolar gland

Type of epithelial tissue: Lines the stomach and most of the intestines

Simple columnar

Type of epithelial tissue: provides absorption, secretion, or ion transport

Simple comulnar

Type of epithelial tissue: endothelium and mesothelium

Simple squamous

Identify the structural class of the gland: slender, straight gland, unbranched

Simple tubular gland

which type of muscle tissue: concerned with locomotion of the body as a whole

Skeletal

which type of muscle tissue: contains long, nonbranching cylindrical cells

Skeletal

which type of muscle tissue: is found attached to bones

Skeletal

which type of muscle tissue: is multinucleate

Skeletal

which type of muscle tissue: is voluntarily controlled

Skeletal

which type of muscle tissue: has banded appearance

Skeletal, Cardiac

which type of muscle tissue: enables you to swallow

Skeletal, Smooth

Type of epithelial tissue: lines the inside of the urinary bladder

Transitional

Type of epithelial tissue: stretches

Transitional

True/False: Holocrine glands store secretions until the cells rupture. Ruptured cells are replaced through mitosis

True

True/False: exocrine glands are classified functionally as merocrine, holocrine, or apocrine

True

True/False: the mammary gland is the most likely example of an apocrine gland

True

True/false: If tissue damage is very severe, tissue repair is more likely to occur by fibrosis, or scarring

True

True/false: Organization is replacement of a blood clot by granulation tissue

True

True/false: fibroblasts synthesize fibers that bridge the gap

True

True/false: The repair of cardiac muscle and nervous tissue occurs only by fibrosis

True:

Identify the structural class of the gland: combination of gland shapes

Tubuloalveolar gland

Identify the type of connective tissue: provides the medium for nutrient transport throughout the body

Vascular tissue

which type of muscle tissue: contains spindle-shaped cells

Smooth

which type of muscle tissue: is found in the walls of the small intestine, uterus, bladder, and veins

Smooth

Type of epithelial tissue: lines the inside of the mouth

Stratified squamous

Type of epithelial tissue: that provides protection

Stratified squamous

Describe how the particular structure of a neuron relates to its function in the body

The neuron has long cytoplasmic extensions that promote its ability to transmit impulses long distances within the body