SOCIO FINAL
Approximately ________ percent of the nation's population 16 years and older is functionally illiterate.
18
Approximately what percentage of the nation's population age 16 years and older is innumerate?
30 percent
What percentage of Americans claim a religious affiliation ?
76 percent
What is the significance of Dr. Martin Luther King Jr.'s statement regarding religion and racial segregation in the United States?
Among major U.S. institutions, the church is the most segregated by race.
What was the name of the landmark court ruling that mandated desegregation of American schools?
Brown v Board of Education
The largest Christian group in the world are the
Catholics
Very few scientists disagree with
Darwin's natural selection theory
How does genetic testing relate to race?
Definitive genetic markers for race do not exist.
The belief in several Gods is formally known as polytheism, which characterize the religion of
Hinduism
Which of the following of a criticism of resource mobilization theory
Involvement of the elites often results in the demist of a social movement
Which of the following is a characteristic of a bureaucracy ?
It has positions that are highly specialized
________ authority is based on standard, regular procedures, and it is the type of authority supposedly most pervasive in modern society
Legal-rational
_________ is a key characteristic of dictatorship
Limited suffrage
In 1942, the research project that focused on developing atomic weapons for the United States was code named for _________ Project.
Manhattan
Often, non scientists-such as politician- make decisions that affect the course of science. Which of the following is an example of this?
President George W. Bush and stem cell research
___________ social movement advocate the radical reorganization of society
Revolutionary
Which item describes the Hindu principle of Karma?
The net value of people's thoughts and deeds stays with them and shapes their fate in the future.
What is the best definition of politics ?
a set of power relationships among people or other social factors
Ethicalism is the ______; examples of it are
adherence to ethical principles in order to live a moral life; Taoism and Buddhism
What does a mass protest organization do?
advocate for social change through protest
Adam Smith argued that money is inherently social because
any and all economic exchange requires two partners
Sociologist who study scientist in the laboratory do so typically because they
are interested in how scientific facts are socially constructed
Due to the rise of large-scale production, the influx of peasants to urban areas to find work, and the development of system of wage labor, the ________ system became obsolete in favor of a new system of legal currency.
barter
Animism is the _______; examples of it are _________
belief that spirits are present in the natural world; totemism and shamanism
New technologies like the internet and social media are major contributors to rapid
change
If one individual behaves in a socially inappropriate manner, he or she is considered deviant, but if several individuals behave this way together, it is referred to as a
collective action
Group behavior has to violate social norms in order to classified as "collective action" because
collective action seeks to highlight the reasons social norms should be changed
In a capitalist economic system, the price and distribution of goods and services are determined by what?
competition
A theory of collective action claiming that collective action arises because of people's tendency to conform to the behavior of others is called __________ theory
contagion
Researchers in the biological sciences have stared to replace the term "race" with what seem to be a more accurate term,
continental ancestry
Which term refers to a legally recognized person who shares many of the rights of a human individual as well as the ability to act as a legal entity by entering into contracts or owning property?
corporation
A system of government where citizens are allowed to vote in elections, speak freely, and participate as legal equals in social life is known as
democracy
Thomas Kuhn referred to normal science as science conducted within an existing paradigm. Which of the following is an example of normal science?
discovering an effective treatment for AIDS using the biomedical view of disease
When a corporation controls an industry because it has a monopoly, this is called domination by
economic power
An example of collective action would be
everyone walking out on an exam
Because sociologists study people, they tend to study data out in the field using real-world settings. Natural scientists more often
extract data from the natural world and bring it into the laboratory fro study
William, a 17 year old high school student, chooses products in the grocery store by looking at the pictures on the labels of the goods on the shelves because he cannot read many of the words. William would be considered
functionally illiterate
A honorarium is similar to a
gift for something you have agreed to do for someone, like giving a speech
A form of tracking in higher education is foudn more and more often in two year community colleges, in which students are encouraged to choose a major early on. This strategy is called
guided pathways
Because the monetary system is increasingly depersonalized, George Simmel argues that we can now
have true and meaningful relationships
The agricultural revoltion in Europe had an influence on transition to capitalism. More specifically, the agriculture revolution
helped capitalism develop
Jackson's parents pay for him to take private violin lessons and send him to language lessons after school. In the summer, he attends science camp. His parents try to take him on one vacation to a foreign country every year. Jackson's parents hope that these activities will build his skills and better position him to get into a competitive university. Jackson's parents are investing in his
human capital
knowledge and skills that make someone more productive and bankable are known as
human capital
One of the ways that sociologists study religion is to
identify the purposes religion serves for individuals and societies
Which of the following is a potential problem with high-yield crops
increased water usage that is typical of these type of crops
Though she graduated from highschool, Jenny doesn't possess the skills necessary to balance her checkbook or make change for a customer without the aid of a cash register. Jenny is
innumerate
The decision to develop atomic weapons during World War II was influenced by
international geopolitical circumstances
Normal science
is conducted within an existing paradigm
John is a nineteenth-century peasant who moved to a city to find work. Back in his village, most of John's transactions were bartered, such as swapping an animal for cloth or potatoes for a tool. However, in the city, monetization governs wage labor. This means that
legal currencies are used in financial exchanges
For American corporations, identify one of the major benefits of offshoring parts of their operations
lowered labor cost
Risk that result from human activity are referred to as _______ risks.
manufactured
Ten thousand people writing the governor, asking him or her not execute an individual, is an example of
mass collective action
Which of the following is something scientist predict will result from a continued rise in global temperatures?
migration from coastal communities
A focus on science,universal truths, and objectivity was a characteristics of which period
moderj
Organic products can lead to health stratification by income because
organic products are more expensive
Serfs were the lowest class in the feudal system and were bound to the land they worked, yet they were not slaves . They were different from slaves because they could
own property
According to the normative view of science, what should scientist leave at the laboratory door?
personal values
In general, rulers demonstrate their authority by
persuading subordinates that their claims to power are valid
Because of the green revolution, food production has kept pace with
population growth
Because rap music has a tradition of sampling rather than a reliance on sole authorship, it is an archetypal genre of music from __________ era
postmodern
A society that relies purely on tradition to choose its leaders would be classified as
premodern
One of the major reasons farmers genetically modify their produce is so they
produce higher yields
Under feudalism, lords exchanged lands with the vassals in return for what?
protection
What type of movement has a limited target population yet a broad agenda
reformative
The difference between a social movement and a ritual is that
rituals don't aim to change something about society
The trend in industrial nations toward a separation between church and state and the movement from religiosity and spiritual belief is known as
secularization
Henry lives in the fifteenth century England. He is bound to the land but does not own it. He works the land but must give portion of his harvest to the landowner. In return protection from bandits and thieves. Henry is a
serf
Sociologically speaking, the BRCA1 gene mutation is a good example of how
social practices can change the effects of genes
According to Emile Durkheim, one of the key functions of religion was that it fosters
social solidarity
Thomas transfers to a new school when his family moves to a new district, and he is placed in a classroom with students who have slightly higher average math grades than he does. Based on the research, what is the most likely outcome? Thomas will
succeed and make academic gains when he is in the classes with other high achievers
Max Weber used the term charisma to describe a person's
superhuman aura
Sacred things can include books, buildings, days, and places. From a sociological standpoint, the sacredness comes from the
symbolic meaning created from the collective investment of community.
Reformative social movements
target almost everyone in a society
A Marxist theorist of education would critique schools for socializing children to accept the status quo because schools
teach skills that make students subordinate
Sociologist George Simmel saw the development of monetary payment systems as part of a historical process leading to
the depersonalization of exchange
According to Max Weber, identify the duties in Protestantism that contributed to the development of capitalism
the duty to fulfill a calling in a vocation and the duty to earn money with one's labor
Authority most explicitly refers to
the justifiable right to exercise power
What, according to sociologist Phillip Jackson, is the "hidden curriculum" taught in schools?
the nonacademic and less overt forms of socialization
Broadly defined, education is
the process through academic, social , and cultural ideas and tools are developed
Social Security in the United States are an example of
the right to contributory programs
During the agricultural revolution, the enclosure movement caused many former serfs to move to cities in search of work, which lead to
the rise of wage labor
If a psychologist and a sociologist are both studying eating disorders and they arrive at different conclusions about what explains this behavior, the role of boundary work is relevant here because
they are both working through different frameworks, which tend to vary by discipline
According to theories proposed by Adam Smith, the most efficient way to produce something is
through division of labor that breaks production into its constituent
One of the major reasons it was common practice for Native Americans to be placed in boarding schools for 60 years was
to socialize them to become "civilized" Americans
A public school uses the approach of ____________ to divide students into classes based on ability or future plans
tracking
According to Weber's theory, contemporary monarchies such as the British royal family possess ______ authority
traditional
With industrialization, families were able to rely less and less on extended networks to help take care of children, the elderly, and those who were disabled. Because of this, the government intervened to provide access to care. When governments assume responsibility for the basic needs of citizens, this is called a(n)
welfare state
The difference between collective action and deviance is
whether you are acting alone or as part of a group
Some scientist have studied mechanization and automation for centuries. Exploring the limits and opportunities of technological inventions, results from the Turing test reveal that
while computers can outperform humans on certain tasks, human intelligence in all it dimensions cannot, so far, be replicated artificially
Theism is the _________; examples of it include __________
worship of a god or gods; Hinduism and Islam
One of the concerns with the Human Genome Project is that once your genetic structure is known
you may be labeled in such a way that a self-fulfilling takes place