A&P Chapter 5

Collagen

A tough fiber found in the matrix of connective tissue.

Connective Tissue

A type of tissue that supports of binds.

Histamine

An inflammatory substance produced in response to allergies.

Basement Membrane

Anchors epithelial cells to each other and to underlying tissue.

Heparin

Anticoagulant manufactured by the liver and mast cells.

Dentin

Bone-like substance found in teeth.

Chondrocyte

Cells of cartilage.

Pseudostratified Epithelium

Cells that have a layered appearance but actually extend from the basement membrane to the outer free surface.

Ligaments

Connective tissue that connects bone to bone.

Cell body

Contains the nucleus of the neuron.

Tendons

Dense connective tissue that attaches muscle to bone.

Phagocytic

Describing the process by which cell eats debris and microorganisms.

Endocrine Glands

Ductless glands that secrete hormones directly into the bloodstream.

Kupffer's Cells

Eat bacteria, old white and red blood cells; found in the liver.

Macrophages

Engulf and digest antigens; monocytes.

Squamous Epithelium

Epithelial cells that are flat and slightly irregular in shape and serve as a protective layer.

Columnar Epithelium

Epithelial cells that are tall and rectangular; found lining the ducts of certain glands and in mucous-secreting tissues.

Endothelium

Epithelial cells that line the circulatory system.

Cuboidal Epithelium

Epithelial cells that look like small cubes; their function is secretion, protection, and absorption.

Elastin

Flexible fibers found in the matrix of connective tissue.

Glandular Epithelium

Forms Glands.

Elastic Cartilage

Forms the external ear, ear canal, and epiglottis.

Cancellous Bone

Forms the inner spongy tissue underneath compact bone.

Fibrocartilage

Forms the intervertebral disks that surround the spinal cord.

Compact Bone

Forms the outer layer of bone and is very dense.

Smooth Muscle

Found in hollow structures of the body like the intestines; cannot be influenced at will.

Compound Exocrine Glands

Glands made of several lobules with branching ducts.

Exocrine Glands

Glands that have ducts.

Simple Exocrine Glands

Glands with ducts that do not branch.

Tissue

Groups of cells similar in size, shape, and function.

Endocardium

Innermost layer of the heart wall; including epithelial cells that line the heart.

Matrix

Intercellular material in connective tissue.

Histiocytes

Large, stationary phagocytic cells.

Fascia

Layer of areolar tissue covering the whole muscle trunk.

Synovial Membranes

Line the cavities of freely moving joints; produce a synovial fluid.

Mucous Membrane/ Epithelium

Lines the digestive, respiratory, urinary, and reproductive tracts; produces mucous.

Serous Tissue

Lines the great cavities of the body that have no opening to the outside; also called mesothelium.

Adipose

Loose connective tissue full of fat cells.

Osteocytes

Mature bone cells.

Pericardium

Membrane covering the heart.

Peritoneum

Membrane lining the abdominal cavity.

Pleura

Membrane that lines the thoracic cavity.

Muscle Fibers

Muscle cells.

Cardiac Muscle

Muscle found only in the heart.

Neuron

Nerve cell that transmits impulses.

Neuroglia

Nerve cells that perform support and protection.

Simple Epithelium

Once cell-layer thick.

Dendrites

Receptive areas of the neurons; extensions of the nerve cell body.

Erythrocytes

Red Blood cells.

Visceral

Refers to covering of an organ.

Mast Cells

Roundish-shaped cells found close to small blood vessels that produce heparin.

Stratified Epithelium

Several layers of cells thick.

Transitional Epithelium

Several layers of closely packed, flexible, and easily stretched cells; appear flat when stretched and saw-toothed when relaxed.

Fibroblasts

Small, flattened cells with large nuclei and reduced cytoplasm that produce fibrin in connective tissue.

RE System ( Reticuloendothelial)

Specialized connective tissue that involved in phagocytosis.

Hematopoietic Tissue

Specialized connective tissue that produces bloods cells.

Blood

Specialized connective tissue.

Bone

Specialized connective tissue.

Lymphoid Tissue

Specialized connective tissue.

Intercalated Disks

Structures that connect the branches of cardiac muscle cells with one another.

Axon

The long extension of a nerve cell body; a neuron only has one axon.

Peristalsis

The physical movement or pushing of food along the digestive tract.

Histology

The study of tissue.

Axon endings

The terminal portions of axons.

Lacunae

Tiny cavities between the lamellae or rings of compact bone that contain bone cells.

Muscle Tissue

Tissue that can shorten or contract.

Striated

Tissue that causes movement; multinucleated with striations; skeletal muscle.

Hyaline Cartilage

Type of cartilage that forms the early skeleton of the embryo.

Mesothelium

Type of epithelium based on function, also called serous tissue, that lines the cavities of the body that has no openings to the outsides.

Reticular

Type of loose connective tissue that forms the framework of the liver, bone marrow, spleen, and lymph nodes.

Areolar

Type of loose connective tissue.

Epithelial Tissue

Type of tissue that protects, secretes, and absorbs.

Goblet Cells

Unicellular glands that secrete mucus.

Parietal

Walls of a cavity.

Leukocytes

White blood cells.

Aponeuroses

Wide and flat tendon.

Microglia

phagocytic cell found in the central nervous system; also called neuroglia.