A&P Chapter 5, 6, 7, 9

Lakukan tugas rumah & ujian kamu dengan baik sekarang menggunakan Quizwiz!

The connection between a tooth and a jaw bone is an example of a joint A. True B. False

A. True

The deltoid ligament is also known as medial ligament A. True B. False

A. True

The elbow is considered to be a stable joint A. True B. False

A. True

The epiphyseal plates in long bones are examples of synchondroses A. True B. False

A. True

The hip allows for flexion, extension, abduction, adduction rotation and circumduction A. True B. False

A. True

The stermoclavicular joint contains an articular disc A. True B. False

A. True

The talocrural joint is a modified hinge joint that permits dorsiflexion and plantar flexion A. True B. False

A. True

The temporomandibular joint is the on;y mobile joint between skull bones A. True B. False

A. True

A tendon sheath is a fat pad that fills the spaces that form when bone moves A. True B. False

B. False

At the ankle the lateral ligament is stronger than the medial ligament A. True B. False

B. False

Which ligament is not associated with the glenohumeral joint?

Humeral collateral ligament

grip

Nails protect the distal tips of digits from damage or distortion, as well as helping us to ---- objects.

axial

Name the division of the skeletal system that included the head, thorax, vertebral column, ribs and sternum.

appendicular

Name the division of the skeletal system that includes the shoulders, hips and extremities.

periosteum

Name the membrane covering the outer bone and the inner layer contains osteoblasts

cervical /lumbar

Name the two secondary or conves curves of the spine

Suppose you cut your finger only slightly in what is known as a "paper cut." You observe that the cut hurts but it doesn't bleed. How would you interpret your observation?

Nerve endings occur in epithelium but blood vessels do not.

subcutaneous

The ---- layer pads and protects the body, is an energy reservoir, and provides thermal insulation.

eponychium

The ----, or cuticle, is located at the proximal margin of the nail

subcutaneous

The ----- layer is deep to the integument and is not considered part of the integument itself.

mesoderm

The -----is the origin of the dermis

root and shaft

The ---and --- consist of dead epithelial cells that originate from the hair bulb.

dermis

The ---contains numerous sensory receptors, which detect heat, cold, touch, pressure, and vibration.

Metatarsals

The 5 Bones of the instep

Hyoid bone

The U shaped bone under the lower jaw is called ?

Transverse

The fracture goes straight across the bone

Hyperplasia is an increase in the number of cells in a tissue.

True

Many connective tissues play a role in immune protection.

True

Mature cartilage is avascular.

True

axis?

What is the name of the 2nd cervical vertebrae that serves as a pivot as the head is turned from side to side?

ligaments

What is the name of the bands of dense regular connective tissue that connect on bone to another.?

osteoclasts

What is the name of the bone cells responsible for resorption?

occipital

What is the name of the bone that forms the back of the skull?

kyphosis

What is the name of the exaggeration of the thoracic curve commonly called hunchback?

compact

What is the name of the hard, dense bone?

epiphysis

What is the name of the irregular ends of long bones?

anterior fontanel

What is the name of the large soft spot of an infants skull at the junction of the 2 parietal and frontal bone?

epiphyseal plates

What is the name of the secondary bone forming centers that appear at about the time birth?

osteon

What is the name of the subunit of compact bone that consist of bone tissue around a central channel?

endosteum

What is the name of the thin membrane that lines the bone cavity?

mandible

What is the only movable joint in the skull?

Diaphysis

What is the shaft of the long bone called?

scoliosis

What is the term for a lateral curvature of the vertebral column?

lordosis

What is the term for an excessive lumbar curve of the spine called?

growth

What is the word that best describes the function of the epiphyseal plates?

sacrum

What section of the spinal column forms part of the bony pelvis?

intervertebral discs

What structure in the spine condenses as the body ages and causes changes in height?

red blood cells

What type of cells does the red bone marrow produce?i

ball and socket

What type of joint produces the greatest range of motion?

fat

What type of tissue is yellow bone marrow?

pathological fracture

break of a bone that has been weakened by disease

compound fracture

broken end of a bone, pierces the skin

which fat is found in newborns, generates heat, lost as we age

brown

Fluid-filled sacs that cushion synovial joints are called

bursae

Fluid-filled sacs that cushion synovial joints are called: fat pads. articular discs. bursae. menisci. diarthroses

bursae

Fluid-filled sacs that cushion synovial joints are called fat pads. articular discs. bursae. menisci. diarthroses.

bursae.

Fluid-filled sacs that cushion synovial joints are called:

bursae.

Which choice places the steps of intramembranous ossification in correct chronological order? a: Formation of lamellar bone b: Osteoid undergoes calcification c: Ossification centers form d: Formation of woven bone and its periosteum

c - b - d - a

Place in correct order the following steps in the process of appositional growth of cartilage. a: New matrix is produced and secreted. b: Chondrocytes differentiate, each in its own lacuna. c: Stem cells undergo mitosis. d: Committed cells differentiate into chondroblasts.

c. - d. - a. - b.

Bone is considered an important storage reservoir for:

calcium, phosphate, and lipids

Bone is considered an important storage reservoir for

calcium, phosphate, and lipids.

In compact bone, _______ connect adjacent lacunae, thereby providing pathways for nutrients and other materials to pass between osteocytes

canaliculi

In compact bone, ___________ connect adjacent lacunae, thereby providing pathways for nutrients and other materials to pass between osteocytes.

canaliculi

Chondrosarcoma

cancerous tissue affects axial skeleton: pelvis, vertebra, shoulder, proximal femur

*If you were examining a microscope slide containing a type of muscle tissue and observed a branching network of striated cells, each with one or two central nuclei, you could conclude that you were looking at _____ muscle.

cardiac

What type of muscle contains intercalated discs

cardiac

branching network of striated cells, each with one or two central nuclei, you could conclude that you were looking at _____ muscle.

cardiac

The pubic symphysis is classified as a cartilaginous joint and an amphiarthrosis. fibrous joint and a synarthrosis. synovial joint and a diarthrosis. cartilaginous joint and a synarthrosis. fibrous joint and an amphiarthrosis.

cartilaginous joint and an amphiarthrosis.

The pubic symphysis is classified as a:

cartilaginous joint and an amphiarthrosis.

The pubic symphysis is classified as a: cartilaginous joint and an amphiarthrosis. fibrous joint and a synarthrosis. synovial joint and a diarthrosis. cartilaginous joint and a synarthrosis. fibrous joint and an amphiarthrosis.

cartilaginous joint and an amphiarthrosis.

Medullary Cavity

cavity within the shaft of the long bones filled with bone marrow

Nucleus of neuron found in

cell body

The nucleus of a neuron is found in its

cell body.

What are the formed elements of blood

cells, erythrocytes, leukocytes cellular fragments (platelets)

All connective tissues have three features in common. They are

cells, protein fibers, and ground substance

All connective tissues have three features in common. They are

cells, protein fibers, and ground substance.

what helps clot blood

cellular fragments (platelets)

haversion central canal

central canal; contains blood vessels and nerves that supply the bone

medullary cavity

central, hollowed-out area in the shaft of a long bone filled with marrow

lubricates the ear canal and traps debris before it reaches the eardrum.

cerumen

________ glands are modified sweat glands located only in the external ear canal.

ceruminous

One of the weakest parts of the shoulder is the part that lacks tendons of the rotator cuff. This weak area is the ______ aspect of the shoulder. inferior superior anterior posterior

inferior

One of the weakest parts of the shoulder, is the part that lacks tendons of the rotator cuff. This weak area is the ______ aspect of the shoulder. inferior superior anterior posterior

inferior

Osteomyelitis

inflammation of bone and bone marrow fro m infection by bacteria

Calcitonin _________ osteoclast activity, which will _________ blood calcium levels.

inhibits; decrease

bone feauture: endosteum

inner membrane lining that covers internal surfaces of bone

The epithelial tissue root sheath is the _________ layer of the concentric layers making up the hair follicle wall; it derives from the ________.

inner, epidermis

The epithelial tissue root sheath is the _________ layer of the concentric layers making up the hair follicle wall; it derives from the ________.

inner; epidermis

Follows obstruction of blood supply to intestines If untreated, leads to death

intestinal gangrene

Spoon nails

iron deficiency or hypothyroidism

hemoglobin

is a bright red protein in red blood cells, which gives the blood vessels of the dermis a reddish tint.

Carotene

is a yellow-orange pigment that accumulates inside keratinocytes of the stratum corneum and subcutaneous fat.

eleidin

is an intermediate product in keratin maturation

Compact bone

is composed of tubular units called osteons.

Melanin

is found in a variety of colors, including black, brown, tan, and yellow-brown.

keratinization

is the process by which keratinocytes fill up with keratin, causing the cell's nucleus and organelles to disintegrate, resulting in the death of the cell.

If you gently rub your thumb and forefinger together, each finger is contacting

keratinized stratified squamous epithelium.

Calcidiol circulates in the blood and is converted to calcitriol in the

kidney.

bone feauture: Epiphysis

knobby region found at the base of each long tube; composed of spongy bone

lack ducts and secrete their products into the bloodstream or into interstitial fluid

lack ducts and secrete their products into the bloodstream or into interstitial fluid

Endocrine glands

lack ducts and secrete their products into the bloodstream or into interstitial fluid.

_______ is a fine, unpigmented, downy hair that first appears on the fetus in the last trimester of development.

lanugo

The white crescent at the proximal end of the nail plate is called

lanule

The movement that occurs when the trunk of the body moves in a coronal plane laterally away from the body is: adduction. hyperextension. eversion lateral flexion. gliding.

lateral flexion

The movement that occurs when the trunk of the body moves in a coronal plane laterally away from the body is adduction. hyperextension. eversion lateral flexion. gliding.

lateral flexion.

The movement that occurs when the trunk of the body moves in a coronal plane laterally away from the body is:

lateral flextion.

stem cell formed from embryoblast; can form into any cell within the body except for placenta

pluripotent

Epithelial tissues have an attached (basal) border and a free (apical) border. This arrangement is known as

polarity

Epithelial tissues have an attached (basal) border and a free (apical) border. This arrangement is known as

polarity.

Spongy bone

porous bone tissue that contains red bone marrow inside flat bones and ends of long bone

Pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium is found lining

portions of the respiratory system.

What type of epithelium would be most suited for high levels of diffusion and filtration

simple squamous

Which type of epithelial tissue would be the least protective

simple squamous

*The type of muscle that has elongated, multinucleated cells and is under voluntary control is __________ muscle.

skeletal

The type of muscle that has elongated, multinucleated cells and is under voluntary control is __________ muscle

skeletal

what are the three types of muscle tissues

skeletal, cardiac, smooth

Contact dermatitis

skin rash caused by allergic reaction

Axial Skeleton

skull, spine, sternum, and ribs

Amphiarthrosis

slightly movable joint

sesamoid bone

small bones embedded within tendons and adjacent to joints proect tendon and improve mechanics ex. patella

canaliculli

small canals connecting osteocytes to Harversion canal. facilitates exchange of nutrients and waste

Lacunae

small cavities in bone that contain osteocytes

The type of muscle that is found in blood vessel walls is __________ muscle.

smooth

The type of tissue that helps mechanically mix materials within the digestive system organs is ________ muscle

smooth

The type of muscle that is found in blood vessel walls is

smooth muscle

inversion

soles turn inward

eversion

soles turn outward

lacunae

spaces that house each osteocyte

The stratum _________ derives its name from the spiny appearance of the "bridges" that connect neighboring cells

spinosum

Immune cells of the epidermis tend to be found in the stratum:

spinosum.

The type of bone tissue that is replaced more frequently is ________ bone; the part of the femur that is replaced more frequently is the __________.

spongy; distal epiphysis

concave nails is associated with

spoon nails

*Synovial membranes are composed of areolar connective tissue covered with _________ epithelial cells.

squamous

Synovial membranes are composed of areolar connective tissue covered with _________ epithelial cells

squamous

An example of a flat bone would be the:

sternum (breast bone)

An example of a flat bone would be the

sternum (breast bone).

sex hormones

stimulate osteoblasts, promote epiphyseal plate growth n closure

Parathyroid hormone and calcitriol

stimulate osteoclasts to resorb bone and release calcium into the blood.

calcitrol

stimulates absorption of calcium in the small intestine.

Phalanges

the 14 Bones of the toes

Phalanges

the 14 bones of the fingers?

Metacarpals

the 5 Bones of the palm of the hand?

Tarsal bones

the 7 Ankle bones

Which of the following is not secreted by glands?

DNA

Transpiration is another name for sweating.

False

5

How many sacral vertebrae does a child have?

1

How many sacral vertebrae does an adult have?

12

How many thoracic vertebrae are there?

26

How many vertebrae are there?

Functions of the skeleton system

* SUPPORT- provide framework for body * PROTECTION- protect organs fron injury * MOVEMENT- fuction as levers and are attachment sites for muscle, soft tissue and some organs. * HEMOPOIESIS- blood cell production accur in red bone marrow * STORAGE OF MINERAL AND ENERGY RESERVES- stores and release calcium and phosphate. also in lipids

Keratinocytes are

*ALL OF THE CHOICES ARE CORRECT

What type of stimulus is detected by the sensory receptors of the skin?

*ALL OF THE CHOICES ARE CORRECT

Which is a change in bone architecture or mass related to aging?

*ALL OF THE CHOICES ARE CORRECT

A fibrous joint contains a joint capsule A. True B. False

B. False

more curved sacrum and longer

How does the male pelvis differ from the female pelvis?

Which is characteristic of cartilage connective tissue?

*ALL OF THE CHOICES ARE CORRECT

Dermal papillae

-- --- are projections of the dermis that interdigitate with epidermal ridges.

First-degree 3 to 5

-- --burns involve only the epidermis; healing time is about -- to --- days, and typically there is no scarring

Arrector pili

--- --- are thin ribbons of muscle that elevate the hair when stimulated

Friction ridges

--- --- are unique ridges formed by the large folds and valleys of the dermis and epidermis; they form fingerprints, palm prints, and toe prints

Ultraviolet light

--- --- diminishes the flexibility and thickness of the dermis, causing wrinkling and sagging of the skin

Beau's lines

--- --- run horizontally across the nail and indicate a temporary interference with nail growth caused by injury to the nail, severe illness, or chronic malnutrition

UVA and UVB

--- and ---rays reach the earth's surface and can affect individuals' skin color. UVA and UVB rays can cause tanning, burning, skin cancer, and can inhibit the immune system.

papules

--- are fluid-filled,

Melanocytes

--- are scattered among the keratinocytes of the stratum basale.

Tactile cells

--- are sensitive to touch and release chemicals that stimulate sensory nerve endings

Freckles

--- are yellowish or brown spots of increased melanocyte activity.

Sweat glands

--- glands consist of a coiled, tubular secretory portion located in the reticular layer of the dermis called the sweat gland duct.

Cavernous

--- hemangiomas involve larger dermal blood vessels and may last a lifetime

Sun Protection Factor (SPF)

--- is an experimentally determined number that means the amount of light that induces redness in sunscreen-protected skin, divided by the amount of light that induces redness in unprotected skin.

Melanocytes

--- produce and store the pigment melanin in response to ultraviolet light.

Vertical

--- ridging of the nails is common and usually does not indicate serious medical problems

Lanugo

---, which is downy hair on the fetus

Second-degree burns, 2-4

---- --- burns involve the epidermis and part of the dermis, and blisters are present; healing time is about -- to --- weeks, and slight scarring may occur

Keratinocytes

---- are named for the protein keratin, which strengthens the epidermis.

terminal

---- hair, which is longer and coarser than vellus hair

vellus

---- hair, which is the primary human hair

Botox

---- is derived from the toxin produced by the bacterium Clostridium botulinum and temporarily blocks nerve impulses to the facial expression muscles, thereby decreasing or eliminating the wrinkles they produce.

Merocrine

---- sweat glands discharge secretions directly onto the surface of the skin through a sweat pore.

Apocrine

---- sweat glands release their secretion into hair follicles in the axillae, around the nipples, in the pubic region, and in the anal region.

Collagen

----- fibers in the dermis decrease in number and organization, and elastic fibers lose elasticity when aging.

Burns

----are caused by heat, radiation, harmful chemicals, sunlight, or electrical shock.

pustules

----contain pus, a mixture of white blood cells, dead skin cells, and bacteria.

Third

----degree burns involve the epidermis, dermis, and subcutaneous layer; hospitalization is normally necessary, and patients must be aggressively treated for dehydration, are typically given antibiotics, and may need a skin graft

Psoriasis

----is a chronic autoimmune skin disease in which a T-lymphocyte mistakenly attacks the keratinocytes, causing rapid overgrowth and overproduction of new skin cells. The rapid overgrowth and overproduction of new skin cells develops into patches of typically whitish, scaly skin (called plaques) that form on the epidermal surface

Capillary

---hemangiomas are red to purple in tone, are usually present at birth, and disappear into adulthood

Sweat

---is the secretion produced by a sweat gland and consists of about 99% water and 1% other chemicals, including electrolytes (sodium and chloride), metabolites (lactic acid), and waste products (urea and ammonia).

Merocrine

---sweat glands are the most abundant sweat glands and aid in thermoregulation.

2 divisions of the skeleton

1. Axial skeleton- skull, rib cage, vertebrae 2. Appendicular skeleton- everything else, arms, legs,

Steps of Fracture Repair

1. Fracture hematoma forms, 2. Fibrocartilage callus forms, 3. Hard callus forms, 4. Bone remodeled to final shape

4 types of skeletal bones

1. Long Bones 2. short bones 3. flat bones 4. irregular bones

Hemopoiesis: Bone Marrow 1. Bone marrow 2.Red Bone marrow 3.Yellow Bone Marrow

1. connective tissue 2. forms blood cells. location differ in children vs adults. in children they're all over while in adults, in pelvis, skull, ribcage 3. fatty substance. Found in medullary cavity of long bones. Red converted to yellow. yellow can become red when you age

bone repair steps

1. hematoma formation 2. callus formation 3. callus ossification spongy bone 4. bone remodeling

Stages of Wound Healing of the Skin

1.Cut blood vessels bleed into the wound, bringing clotting proteins, leukocytes, and antibodies. 2.A blood clot forms, patching the edges of the wound together and acting as a barrier; leukocytes clean the wound. 3.Blood vessels regenerate and grow in the wound, and a vascular connective tissue called granulation tissue forms deep in the wound; macrophages remove the clotted blood, and fibroblasts produce new collagen fibers in the region. 4.Epithelial cells at the edge of the wound divide and migrate over the wound; the connective tissue is replaced by fibrosis

The growth rate for a scalp hair is about _______ per day for 1.5 to 7 years, and then the hair becomes dormant.

1/3 mm

The growth rate for a scalp hair is about _______ per day for 2 to 5 years, and then the hair becomes dormant.

1/3 mm

Fingernails and toenails start to form in the ______ week of development.

10th

Appendicular Skeleton

126 bones Shoulder girdle Upper extremities Pelvic girdle Lower extremities

When during human development does the process of ossification begin?

12th-13th week of embryonic development

Diagram 76-83 Which number indicates the reticular layer of the dermis?

2

Diagram 91-99 This figure shows the anatomy of compact bone. Which number indicates an osteon?

2

These figures show the coxal joint. Which number indicates the pubofemoral ligament? 1 2 3 4 5

2

This figure illustrates epiphyseal plate morphology. Which is the zone of proliferating cartilage?

2

This figure shows a sagittal section of the knee joint. Which number indicates the menisci? 1 2 3 5 6

2

This figure shows the temporomandibular joint. Which number indicates the articular capsule? 1 2 3 4 The articular capsule is not shown in this figure

2

Which number indicates the hair root?

2

Which number indicates the reticular layer of the dermis?

2

Scapula

2-Posterior bone that anchors muscles that move the arm?

This figure shows the knee joint. Which number indicates the tibial collateral ligament? 1 2 3 5 6

3

This figure shows the temporomandibular joint. Which number indicates the stylomandibular ligament? 1 2 3 4 The stylomandibular ligament is not shown in this figure

3

Which number indicates the arrector pili muscle?

3

Which number indicates the lunula?

3

Lanugo, vellus hair, terminal hair

3 types of hair

During bone repair, how long does the stage of the bony callus last?

3-4 months

This figure illustrates epiphyseal plate morphology. In which zone are minerals deposited in the matrix?

4

This figure illustrates the microscopic anatomy of spongy bone. Which is a mature bone cell?

4

This figure shows a sagittal section of the knee joint. Which number indicates the patellar ligament? 3 4 5 6 7

4

Which number indicates a dermal papilla?

4

Which number indicates the arrector pili muscle?

4

This figure illustrates epiphyseal plate morphology. Which zones are considered to be bone tissue?

5

This figure shows a sagittal section of the knee joint. Which number indicates the prepatellar bursa? 1 2 3 5 6

5

This figure shows the anatomy of compact bone. Which number is referring to a perforating (or Volkmann's) canal?

5

Which number indicates the eponychium?

5

Which number indicates the hair papilla?

5

In the human body, joints start to form by the _________ week of embryonic development. 4th 8th 6th 10th 12th

6th

cyst

A --- is a large, fluid-filled nodule that can become severely inflamed and painful and can lead to scarring of the skin.

whitehead

A --- is a sebaceous gland plugged with sebum; it is called a --- if closed

comedo blackhead

A --- is a sebaceous gland plugged with sebum; it is called a --- if open

hemangioma

A ---- is an anomaly that results in skin discoloration due to blood vessels that proliferate to form a benign tumor

Open

A broken bone protrudes through the skin or an external wound leads to a broken bone.

Fossa

A depression on a bone surface

Crest

A distinct border or ridge

Erythemia

A general redness to the skin

Foramen

A hole that allows a vessel or nerve to pass through or between bones

dermis

A layer of tissue underneath the epidermis of the skin which contains blood vessels, lymphatic vessels, nerves, sensory receptors, and oil and sweat glands.

ethmoid

A light fragile bone located between the eyes that forms the nasal cavity roof is the?

Melanin

A natural pigment that protects the cells in the skin and in deeper layers from the hazardous effects of UV radiation by absorbing sunlight.

malignant

A nevus can, on rare occasions, become ---- from UV light exposure.

mole

A nevus, or --, is a harmless localized overgrowth of melanin-forming cells.

melanin

A pigment that gives the skin, hair and eyes color and helps protect the body from harmful UV radiation that causes skin cancer.

head

A round knob like end of a bone separated from the bone by a neck is called what?

Spine

A sharp projection from the surface of a bone

meatus

A short channel or passageway

Closed

A simple bone fracture with no open wound

Epicondyle

A small projection above a condyle is called what?

nodule

A--- is similar to a pustule but extends deeper into the skin layers, usually rupturing the hair follicle wall.

Which ligament is responsible for holding the head of the radius in place? A. Anular ligament B. Ulnar collateral ligament C. Radial collateral ligament D. Transverse humeral ligament E. Deltoid ligament

A. Anular ligament

Which are not considered to be features of a synovial joint? A. Muscles B. Nerves C. Blood vessels D. Articular cartilage E. Synovial fluid

A. Muscles

Which is not a function of synovial fluid? A. Nourishes osteocytes B. Lubricates articulating surfaces C. Removes wastes D. Serves as shock absorber E. Distributes stress forces across articular surfaces

A. Nourishes osteocytes

What is the function of cartilage located in the epiphyseal plates? A. Site of bone elongation and growth B. Provides passageway for blood vessels C. Forms articular surface D. Supports soft tissues E. Provides flexibility for bending

A. Site of bone elongation and growth

Adduction is an example of angular motion A. True B. False

A. True

Lateral rotation is also known as external rotation A. True B. False

A. True

Moderate exercise improves the health of joints by increasing the flow of synovial fluid in and out of the articular cartilage. A. True B. False

A. True

One of the functions of synovial fluid is to act as a shock absorber that distributes forces evenly across a joint surface. A. True B. False

A. True

Sutures permit skull growth during childhood A. True B. False

A. True

The ankle joint is the only joint that makes the movements dorsiflexion and plantar flexion A. True B. False

A. True

When compared to the shoulder, the hip joint has A. a deeper bony socket and stronger supporting ligaments. B. a deeper bony socket but weaker supporting ligaments. C. a shallower bony socket and weaker supporting ligaments. D. a shallower bony socket but stronger supporting ligaments.

A. a deeper bony socket and stronger supporting ligaments.

The process of bone repair includes these steps: a. fracture hematoma forms b. bone is remodeled c. fibrocartilaginous callus forms d. bony callus forms A. acdb B. abdc C. cdba D. dabc E. bacd

A. acdb

A movement that increases or decreases the angle between two bones is a(n) __________ motion. A. angular B. rotational C. eversion D. sliding

A. angular

The pubic symphysis is classified as a: A. cartilaginous joint and an amphiarthrosis. B. fibrous joint and a synarthrosis. C. synovial joint and a diarthrosis. D. cartilaginous joint and a synarthrosis. E. fibrous joint and an amphiarthrosis.

A. cartilaginous joint and an amphiarthrosis.

Place in correct order the following steps in the process of appositional growth of cartilage. a. New matrix is produced and secreted. b. Chondrocytes differentiate, each in its own lacuna. c. Stem cells undergo mitosis. d. Committed cells differentiate into chondroblasts. A. cdab B. dcba C. cdba D. acbd E. acdb

A. cdab

In fibrous joints, the articulating surfaces are held together by: A. dense regular connective tissue. B. areolar connective tissue. C. dense irregular connective tissue. D. fibrocartilage. E. articular cartilage

A. dense regular connective tissue.

Clenching the fingers to make a fist, then relaxing and straightening them, is an example of __________ followed by __________. A. flexion; extension B. extension; flexion C. adduction; abduction D. abduction; adduction E. extension; hyperextension

A. flexion; extension

In the body, a joint serves as a ________ for a long bone. A. fulcrum B. lever C. effort arm D. resistor

A. fulcrum

The fixed point around which a lever rotates is the A. fulcrum. B. condyle. C. resistance node. D. effort arm. E. multiaxis.

A. fulcrum

If you move your head in such a way to look up at the ceiling, you are _________ your neck. A. hyperextending B. rotating C. circumducting D. flexing E. elevating

A. hyperextending

Strong reinforcement for the anterior aspect of the hip joint is provided by the Y-shaped A. iliofemoral ligament. B. pubofemoral ligament. C. ligament of the head of the femur. D. ischiofemoral ligament.

A. iliofemoral ligament.

One of the weakest parts of the shoulder is the part that lacks tendons of the rotator cuff. This weak area is the ______ aspect of the shoulder. A. inferior B. superior C. anterior D. posterior

A. inferior

During development of synovial joints, the articular capsule forms from mesenchymal tissue that is A. laterally located. B. centrally located.

A. laterally located.

Interstitial growth of cartilage increases its ________ and occurs in the ________ region of the cartilage. A. length, internal B. length, peripheral C. width, internal D. width, peripheral

A. length, internal

The bones of the fingers and toes (phalanges) are categorized as _____ bones. A. long B. irregular C. short D. flat E. sesamoid

A. long

The articular capsule of the temporomandibular joint is exceptionally A. loose. B. tight.

A. loose.

The elbow contains _____ articular capsule(s). A. one B. two C. three

A. one

As the bone matrix calcifies and the secreting cells become walled in, A. osteoblasts become osteocytes. B. osteogenic progenitors become osteoclasts. C. osteoblasts become osteoclasts D. osteoclasts become osteocytes

A. osteoblasts become osteocytes

Flat bones: A. protect underlying soft tissue and may be slightly curved. B. have elaborate shapes, and sometimes resemble sesame seeds. C. include the bones of the wrist that glide across each other. D. are, by definition, not at all curved. E. have a diaphysis and an epiphysis.

A. protect underlying soft tissue and may be slightly curved

The main ligament supporting the lateral aspect of the elbow is the A. radial collateral ligament. B. lateral cruciate ligament. C. annular ligament. D. ulnar collateral ligament. E. ulnar condylar ligament.

A. radial collateral ligament.

The coracoclavicular ligament is a ______ ligament that connects the clavicle to part of the _______. A. strong; scapula B. strong; sternum C. weak; scapula D. weak; sternum

A. strong; scapula

In a first-class lever A. the fulcrum is in the middle, between the effort and the resistance. B. the resistance is between the fulcrum and the effort. C. the effort is between the resistance and the fulcrum. D. there is no effort arm.

A. the fulcrum is in the middle, between the effort and the resistance.

An osteoclast has a ruffled border and multiple nuclei A. true B. false

A. true

Endochondral ossification is a form of bone growth in which a cartilaginous model is replaced by bone. A. true B. false

A. true

Further lengthwise bone growth cannot occur once the epiphyseal lines have formed. A. true B. false

A. true

Mature cartilage is avascular A. true B. false

A. true

Most of the bones of the upper and lower limbs are formed by intramembranous ossification. A. true B. false

A. true

Osteoblasts are bone-forming cells; osteoclasts are bone-dissolving cells. A. true B. false

A. true

The flat bones of the cranium form by intramembranous ossification. A. true B. false

A. true

The sternoclavicular joint is a saddle joint with a _______ range of movement. A. wide B. narrow

A. wide

Articular cartilage is composed of hyaline cartilage that lacks a perichondrium A. True B. False

A.True

wider and rounded

How is the pelvic inlet of the female different than a male?

Means to move away and does lateral movement of a body part away from the body midline

Abduction

sebaceous, sebaceous

Acne is the term used to describe plugged ---- ducts. Acne typically becomes abundant beginning at puberty, because increases in hormone levels stimulate ---- gland secretion.

burns

Acute treatment for --- involves managing fluid loss, relieving swelling, pain management, debridement, controlling infection, and increasing caloric intake.

In this image showing connective tissue components, what structure does number 1 indicate?

Adipocyte

5

How lumbar vertebrae are there?

stem cells

After middle age, skin repair processes take longer to complete because of a reduced number and activity of --- ---, which also results in a thinner skin.

Which is not correct regarding articulations? An articulation is a joint between a bone and another bone, cartilage, or tooth. All articulations contain some type of cartilage. Arthrology is the scientific study of articulations. Articulations can range in motion from freely mobile to immobile. There are three structural categories of articulations.

All articulations contain some type of cartilage.

Which is not correct regarding articulations? An articulation is a joint between a bone and another bone, cartilage, or tooth. All articulations contain some type of cartilage. Arthrology is the scientific study of articulations. Articulations can range in motion from freely mobile to immobile. There are three structural categories of articulations.

All articulations contain some type of cartilage.

What type of stimulus is detected by the sensory receptors of the skin?

All of the choices are correct

Which affects osteoblast and osteoclast activity?

All of the choices are correct

Which describes the skin's form and function?

All of the choices are correct

Which is a characteristic of cartilage connective tissue?

All of the choices are correct

Why is the dermis richly innervated?

All of the choices are correct

Keratinocytes are:

All of the choices are correct.

Which affects osteoblast and osteoclast activity?

All of the choices are correct.

A tissue transplant from an animal to a human is a(n)

Allograft

hypodermis

Also called a subcutaneous layer, this is a layer of fat is located under the dermis of the skin; helps to insulate the body and protects underlying muscles and blood vessels.

Sinus

An air space found in some skull bones

infection

An ingrown nail occurs when the edge of a nail digs into the skin around it and can cause--- .

Ligaments

Anchor bone to bone

Sternum

Anterior bone of the thorax

Which ligament is responsible for holding the head of the radius in place? Anular ligament Ulnar collateral ligament Radial collateral ligament Transverse humeral ligament Deltoid ligament

Anular ligament

Which ligament is responsible for holding the head of the radius in place? Anular ligament Ulnar collateral ligament Radial collateral ligament Transverse humeral ligament Deltoid ligament

Anular ligament

Short Bone

Approximately equal in length, with, and thickness (carpals, tarsals)

Which type of connective tissue is found in the papillary layer of the dermis and contains all of the cell types of connective tissue proper?

Areolar

What is the composition of the subcutaneous layer?

Areolar connective tissue and adipose connective tissue

late teens/ 20's

At what age do the long bones stop growing?

Psoriasis

Autoimmune disease that attacks the skin

Which is not correct regarding articulations? A.An articulation is a joint between a bone and another bone, cartilage, or tooth. B. All articulations contain some type of cartilage. C.Arthrology is the scientific study of articulations. D. Articulations can range in motion from freely mobile to immobile. E. There are three structural categories of articulations.

B. All articulations contain some type of cartilage.

Which joint is multiaxial? A. Pivot B. Ball and socket C. Condylar D. Plane E. Hinge

B. Ball and socket

At the knee, the articular capsule encloses only the medial, lateral, and anterior regions of the joint A. True B. False

B. False

Circumduction is an example of a gliding motion A. True B. False

B. False

Gliding is an example of angular motion A. True B. False

B. False

Medial rotation turns the anterior surface of the femur or humerus laterally A. True B. False

B. False

Neither short nor flat bones contain a medullary cavity. A. True B. False

B. False

The glenohumeral joint is more stable the hip joint. A. True B. False

B. False

The joints in the body that are the most mobile, such as the glenohumeral joint or coxal joint, are also the most stable A. True B. False

B. False

Which type of cartilage is found in the intervertebral discs? A. Hyaline cartilage B. Fibrocartilage C. Reticular cartilage D. Articular cartilage E. Elastic cartilage

B. Fibrocartilage

Which of the following describes a meniscus? A. Attach one bone to another at a joint B. Fibrous cartilage pads C. Flat, fluid-filled sacs D. Found only at the temporomandibular joint E. Attach muscles to bones

B. Fibrous cartilage pads

Which knee ligament is most crucial for preventing hyperadduction? A. Tibial collateral ligament B. Fibular collateral ligament C. Patellar ligament D. Anterior cruciate ligament E. Medial meniscus

B. Fibular collateral ligament

Which is not a correct pairing of a joint with its common name? A. Radiocarpal joint - wrist B. Glenohumeral joint - elbow C. Metacarpophalangeal - knuckle D. Temporomandibular - TMJ E. Talocrural - ankle

B. Glenohumeral joint - elbow

Which joints are responsible for flexion and extension at the elbow? A. Glenohumeral and humeroulnar B. Humeroulnar and humeroradial C. Humeroulnar, humeroradial, and radioulnar D. Humeroradial, radioulnar, and radiocarpal E. Humeroradial and radioulnar

B. Humeroulnar and humeroradial

Which is not true about the periosteum? A. It includes two layers: outer fibrous and inner cellular B. It is composed of dense regular connective tissue C. It provides stem cells for bone growth and repair D. It is anchored to the bone by collagen fibers E. It covers the entire bone surface, with the exception of articular areas

B. It is composed of dense regular connective tissue

Consider the classifications of bone, and examples of each. Which classification comprises bones used primarily for movement rather than protection? A. Short bones B. Long bones C. Flat bones D. Irregular bones E. Regular bones

B. Long bones

The periosteum is anchored to the bone by collagen fibers called ____________ fibers. A. Transverse B. Perforating C. Penetrating D. Connecting E. Cementing

B. Perforating

If you were to reach out your hand to receive a set of keys from someone, what movements of your forearm and hand would be involved? A. Pronation and adduction B. Supination and extension C. Depression and flexion D. Protraction and rotation E. Eversion and abduction

B. Supination and extension

The ligamentum teres of the hip extends from the A. ilium to the lesser trochanter of the femur. B. acetabulum to the head of the femur. C. pubis to the greater trocanter of the femur. D. iliac crest to the head of the femur. E. ischium to the intertrochanteric crest of the femur.

B. acetabulum to the head of the femur.

Synovial fluid is A. a watery fluid produced by hyaline cartilage. B. an oily fluid produced by the synovial membrane. C. a watery fluid produced by capsular ligaments. D. an oily fluid produced by articular cartilage.

B. an oily fluid produced by the synovial membrane.

Gomphoses: A. contain fluid-filled joint cavities. B. are found only in tooth sockets. C. consist of sheets of hyaline cartilage. D. cover the tendons in the shoulder and coxal joints. E. are also called saddle joints

B. are found only in tooth sockets.

In the temporomandibular joint, a pad of fibrocartilage called the _________ divides the synovial cavity into two separate chambers. A. meniscus B. articular disc C. mandibular partition D. sphenomandibular ligament E. coronoid capsule

B. articular disc

Which choice places the steps of intramembranous ossification in correct chronological order? a. formation of lamellar bone b. osteoid undergoes calcification c. ossification centers form d. formation of woven bone and its periosteum A. bacd B. cbda C. cbad D. acdb E. bcda

B. cbda

What are the matrix rings of compact bone that surround the central canal of each osteon? A. canaliculi B. concentric lamellae C. circumferential lamellae D. perforating canals E. interstitial lamellae

B. concentric lamellae

When considering leverage, the part of the bone from the muscle attachment to the joint would be the A. fulcrum. B. effort arm. C. resistance arm.

B. effort arm

Bone is considered part of the skeletal system, but ligaments are not. A. true B. false

B. false

The sagittal suture is a(n): A. cartilaginous joint. B. fibrous joint. C. synovial joint. D. synchondrosis. E. amphiarthrosis.

B. fibrous joint.

In addition to its hinge function, when the knee is _______ it allows for some slight ________. A. flexed; circumduction B. flexed; rotation C. extended; supination D. extended; gliding

B. flexed; rotation

When the arm is raised anteriorly, the movement at the shoulder is A. extension. B. flexion. C. abduction. D. adduction. E. rotation.

B. flexion.

The term diarthrosis refers to a joint that is: A. immobile. B. freely mobile. C. fused. D. slightly mobile. E. dislocated

B. freely mobile.

When protracting the jaw or making small side-to-side movements during chewing, the temporomandibular joint makes ________ movements. A. rotation B. gliding C. flexion D. extension E. circumduction

B. gliding

In general, the movements demonstrated at plane joints between the carpals are A. rotations. B. gliding movements. C. flexions and extensions. D. circumductions. E. pivots.

B. gliding movements.

The elbow is a _______ joint. A. plane B. hinge C. condyle D. saddle

B. hinge

Compact bone A. is located deep to spongy bone in the diaphysis B. is composed of tubular units called osteons C. has a brace-like arrangement of trabeculae D. is avascular E. all of the choices are correct

B. is composed of tubular units called osteons

Osteoid is the A. organic part of the bone matrix that gives it rigidity B. organic part of the bone matrix that gives it tensile strength C. inorganic part of the bone matrix that gives it rigidity D. inorganic part of the bone matrix that gives it tensile strength

B. organic part of the bone matrix that gives it tensile strength

Common, wear-and-tear arthritis, in which repeated use of a joint gradually wears down the articular cartilage, is known as A. gout. B. osteoarthritis. C. rheumatoid arthritis. D. osteopenia. E. articular porosis.

B. osteoarthritis.

The ________ joint is the simplest synovial joint and also the least mobile synovial joint. A. pivot B. plane C. hinge D. saddle E. suture

B. plane

If a heavy load is at one end of a lever, the distance between the fulcrum and that load is called the A. effort arm. B. resistance arm. C. lever length.

B. resistance arm.

The way that our calf muscles contract to cause plantarflexion resembles the lever system of a wheelbarrow; it is a _______ class lever. A. first B. second C. third

B. second

The acromioclavicular joint is part of the A. sternum. B. shoulder. C. elbow. D. neck. E. cranium.

B. shoulder.

In a young person, the joint between the sphenoid bone and the occipital bone is a A. suture. B. synchondrosis. C. syndesmosis. D. symphysis. E. gomphosis.

B. synchondrosis.

The deltoid ligament, lateral ligament, and tibiofibular ligaments belong to the ________ joint. A. tarsometatarsal B. talocrural C. humeroradial D. knee E. fibulometatarsal

B. talocrural

The glenohumeral ligaments are A. strong and distinct. B. weak and indistinct.

B. weak and indistinct.

Impetigo

Bacterial infection; commonly seen on the face and in children

Boils and carbuncles

Bacterial skin infection with fluid secreted

Which joint is multi axial? Pivot Ball and socket Condylar Plane Hinge

Ball and socket

Which joint is multiaxial?

Ball and socket

Which joint is multiaxial? -Pivot -Ball and socket -Condylar -Plane -Hinge

Ball and socket

Which joint is multiaxial? Pivot Ball and socket Condylar Plane Hinge

Ball and socket

From deep to superficial, the order of the strata of the epidermis is

Basale - spinosum - granulosum - lucidum - corneum

What specialized feature of an epithelium consists of a reticular lamina, a lamina densa, and a lamina lucida?

Basement membrane

Cold sore

Blister seen around the mouth; caused by a herpes virus

Which is NOT TRUE about synovial joints? -All articulating bone surfaces are covered with articular cartilage. -Synovial joints are enclosed by fibrous articular capsules. -Synovial fluid is secreted by the synovial membrane. -Ligaments strengthen and reinforce joints. -Blood circulates within the joint cavity to nourish the articular cartilage.

Blood circulates within the joint cavity to nourish the articular cartilage.

Which is not true about synovial joints? All articulating bone surfaces are covered with articular cartilage. Synovial joints are enclosed by fibrous articular capsules. Synovial fluid is secreted by the synovial membrane. Ligaments strengthen and reinforce joints. Blood circulates within the joint cavity to nourish the articular cartilage.

Blood circulates within the joint cavity to nourish the articular cartilage.

Which is not true about synovial joints? All articulating bone surfaces are covered with articular cartilage. Synovial joints are enclosed by fibrous articular capsules. Synovial fluid is secreted by the synovial membrane. Ligaments strengthen and reinforce joints. Blood circulates within the joint cavity to nourish the articular cartilage.

Blood circulates within the joint cavity to nourish the articular cartilage.

nutrients

Blood vessels in the dermis supply hair follicles, sweat glands, sensory receptors, and the epidermis with ---

In order to retain heat, what occurs in the skin on a cold day?

Blood vessels of the dermis constrict

In order to retain heat, what occurs in the skin on a cold day?

Blood vessels of the dermis constrict.

Cyanosis

Bluish skin tint; caused by low oxygen levels

Endochondral Ossification

Bone forms from a cartilage model, most often Results in compact bone in long bones

Epiphyseal Line

Bone growth stops when the epiphyseal plate cartilage becomes ossified and forms a bony structure called the _________.

water

Brittle nails are prone to vertical splitting and separation of the nail plate layers at the free edge; this can be caused by overexposure to---or certain household chemicals.

4th degree burn

Burn that affects all skin layers AND the underlying tissue

3rd degree Burn

Burn that affects the entire epidermis and entire dermis; gray, white, or black appearance

2nd degree burn

Burn that affects the entire epidermis and upper dermis; red appearance with blisters

Ist degree burn

Burn that affects upper epidermis; red in color

fluid loss, infection, and the effects of burned, dead tissue

Burns are a major cause of accidental death, primarily through--, --,--.

depth of tissue

Burns are classified by -- of ---involvement.

Fluid-filled sacs that cushion synovial joints are called -fat pads. -articular discs. -bursae. -menisci. -Diarthroses.

Bursae

126

How many bones are in the appendicular skeleton?

In the human body, joints start to form by the _________ week of embryonic development. A. 4th B. 8th C. 6th D. 10th E. 12th

C. 6th

What is the thin layer of connective tissue that lines the medullary cavity of a long bone? A. Diaphysis B. Epiphysis C. Endosteum D. Periosteum E. Trabeculae

C. Endosteum

Bone is _________ and contains mainly __________ nerves. A. Avascular, sensory B. Avascular, motor C. Highly vascularized, sensory D. Highly vascularized, motor

C. Highly vascularized, sensory

What is the function of the cruciate ligaments in the knee joint? A. Hold the patella in place on the femur B. Hold the patella in place on the tibia C. Limit the movement of the femur on the tibia D. Limit the movement of the fibula on the femur E. Limit the movement of the fibula on the tibia

C. Limit the movement of the femur on the tibia

Which region of a growing bone contains the epiphyseal plate? A. Distal epiphysis B. Proximal epiphysis C. Metaphysis D. Diaphysis E. Periphysis

C. Metaphysis

Which type of cell produces new bone tissue by secreting matrix? A. Osteocytes B. Osteoclasts C. Osteoblasts D. Osteoprogenitor cells E. Bone-lining cells

C. Osteoblasts

Where does hemopoiesis occur? A. Epiphyseal line B. Endosteum C. Red bone marrow D. Yellow bone marrow E. Nutrient foramina

C. Red bone marrow

The glenohumeral joint exhibits A. a high degree of stability and a wide range of motion. B. a high degree of stability but a narrow range of motion. C. a low level of stability but a wide range of motion. D. a low level of stability and a narrow range of motion.

C. a low level of stability but a wide range of motion.

The fibrocartilage rim that deepens the hip socket is the A. coxal retinaculum. B. obturator membrane. C. acetabular labrum. D. glenoid labrum.

C. acetabular labrum.

Bone growth in which the bone increases in diameter is called A. interstitial growth B. epiphyseal growth C. appositional growth D. endosteal growth E. cancellous bone growth

C. appositional growth

Sutures are joints that are found: A. throughout the axial and appendicular skeletons. B. between all bones and teeth of the skull. C. between certain bones of the skull. D. only where a facial bone articulates with a cranial bone.

C. between certain bones of the skull.

Fluid-filled sacs that cushion synovial joints are called A. fat pads. B. articular discs. C. bursae. D. menisci. E. diarthroses.

C. bursae.

What gives bone its flexibility? A. inorganic salts B. yellow bone marrow C. collagen fibers D. trabeculae E. elastic fibers

C. collagen fibers

The metatarsophalangeal joints allow movement in two planes and are classified as _________ joints. A. planar B. ball and socket C. condylar D. pivot E. hinge

C. condylar

Structurally, a syndesmosis is a _________ joint; functionally, it is a __________. A. cartilagenous, diarthrosis B. cartilagenous, amphiarthrosis C. fibrous, amphiarthrosis D. fibrous, synarthrosis E. ball and socket, pivot

C. fibrous, amphiarthrosis

When elevating the mandible to chew food, the temporomandibular joint functions as a _________ joint A. pivot B. ball and socket C. hinge D. saddle

C. hinge

Endochondral ossification begins with a ________ model. A. mesenchyme B. dense connective tissue C. hyaline cartilage D. membranous E. osteoid

C. hyaline cartilage

When the angle between articulating bones increases beyond the anatomic position, the movement is referred to as A. dislocation. B. supination. C. hyperextension. D. hyperflexion. E. hypertrophy.

C. hyperextension.

When bone forms by intramembranous ossification, the ossification centers are within A. hyaline cartilage B. compact bone C. mesenchyme D. elastic cartilage E. spongy bone

C. mesenchyme

In addition to the joint between the tibia and the femur, the knee contains a joint between the A. fibula and the femur. B. patella and the fibula. C. patella and the femur. D. patella and the tibia.

C. patella and the femur.

The bones of the wrist are classified as _____ bones. A. long B. regular C. short D. irregular E. flat

C. short

Functionally, a gomphosis is categorized as a: A. cartilagenous joint B. diarthrosis C. synarthrosis D. synovial joint

C. synarthrosis

An articular capsule is present in: A. fibrous joints. B. fibrous joints and cartilaginous joints. C. synovial joints. D. fibrous joints and synovial joints. E. all joints.

C. synovial joints.

When considering joints in the human body, the most common lever type is the A. first-class lever. B. second-class lever. C. third-class lever.

C. third-class lever.

The joint movement called eversion involves A. lateral rotation of the coxal joint. B. medial rotation of the coxal joint. C. turning the sole of the foot laterally. D. turning the palm of the hand laterally. E. turning the palm of the hand or sole of the foot laterally.

C. turning the sole of the foot laterally.

Based on its range of motion, the elbow is classified as a(n) __________ joint. A. multiaxial B. gliding C. uniaxial D. biaxial E. ellipsoid

C. uniaxial

Squamous cell carcinoma

Can metastasize to the lymph nodes; curable if caught early

Which skin markings usually disappear during childhood?

Capillary hemangiomas

What type of muscle contains intercalated discs?

Cardiac

80

How many bones are in the axial skeleton?

Nerve Tissue

Carries messages to and from the brain and controls and coordinates all bodily functions

There are four types of body membranes. Select the exception.

Cartilaginous

The nucleus and other organelles of a neuron are primarily housed in which part of the cell?

Cell body

Melanocytes

Cells that produce the brown-to-black pigment called melanin.

Haversian Canal

Central canal; organized system of interconnecting canals longitudinal tubes surrounded by bone matrix where blood vessels and nerves pass

________ glands are modified sweat glands located only in the external ear canal.

Ceruminous

DNA

Chronic overexposure to UV rays can damage --- and lead to skin cancer

Microscopic folds that extend from the apical surface of certain epithelia to increase the surface area for absorption and secretion are called

Cilia

7

How many cervical vertebrae are there?

What is the most abundant protein in the body, forming about 25% of all body protein?

Collagen

What gives bone its flexibility?

Collagen Fibers

What gives bone its flexibility?

Collagen fibers

*Select all that are components of the skeletal system.

Compact bone Trabecular bone Articular cartilage Ligaments * ALL OF THEM

What are the matrix rings of compact bone that surround the central canal of each osteon?

Concentric lamellae

Tendons

Connect muscle to bone

Which of the primary tissue types is most widely distributed throughout the body?

Connective

Which primary tissue type would be represented by blood, body fat, ligaments and tendons, dermis of the skin, and the cartilage of some joints?

Connective Tissue

Which primary tissue type would be represented by blood, body fat, ligaments and tendons, dermis of the skin, and the cartilage of some joints?

Connective tissue

Within which zone of the epiphyseal plate do cartilage cells undergo mitosis? A. the zone closest to the medullary cavity B. the zone closest to the epiphysis C. the second closest zone to the medullary cavity D. the second closest zone to the epiphysis

D. the second closest zone to the epiphysis

integumentary system

Consists of the skin, mucous membranes, hair, and nails.

Which is an alternate term for compact bone?

Cortical bone

Where in the body would you expect to find a perichondrium?

Covering cartilage

Fibrocartilage

Cushions, found between vertebrae Cartilage with a matrix of strong collagenous fibers; found in invertebral disks, pubic symphysis, and menisci of knee joints

The largest of the body membranes, commonly called the skin

Cutaneous

The largest of the body membranes, commonly called the skin, is the _______ membrane.

Cutaneous

The patellar ligament attaches the patella to the A. femur. B. quadriceps muscle. C. fibula. D. tibia. E. hamstring muscles.

D. tibia.

Which does not correctly pair a movement with its opposing movement A. Flexion - extension B. Abduction - adduction C. Pronation - supination D. Elevation - retraction E. Dorsiflexion - plantar flexion

D. Elevation - retraction

What type of cartilage is located between the bones in a symphysis? A. Elastic cartilage B. Reticular cartilage C. Hyaline cartilage D. Fibrocartilage E. Sutural cartilage

D. Fibrocartilage

Which is not a function of bone? A. Protection B. Mineral storage C. Body movement D. Hormone synthesis E. Hemopoiesis

D. Hormone synthesis

Which ligament is not associated with the glenohumeral joint? A. Coracoacromial ligament B. Coracohumeral ligament C. Glenohumeral ligament D. Humeral collateral ligament

D. Humeral collateral ligament

Which is not a correct pairing of a joint with its classification? A. Tibiofemoral - hinge B. Glenohumeral - ball and socket C. Trapezium and first metacarpal - saddle D. Intertarsal - condylar E. Proximal radioulnar - pivot

D. Intertarsal - condylar

Which is not true regarding ligaments? A. Intracapsular ligaments are within the articular capsule. B. Ligaments are composed of dense regular connective tissue. C. Extrinsic ligaments are physically separate from the articular capsule. D. Intrinsic ligaments are thickenings of the articular cartilage. E. Extracapsular ligaments are outside the articular capsule.

D. Intrinsic ligaments are thickenings of the articular cartilage.

These figures show the coxal joint. What structure does number 6 indicate? A. Ischiofemoral ligament B. Iliofemoral ligament C. Articular capsule D. Ligament of head of femur E. Acetabular ligament

D. Ligament of head of femur

Bone cells called ________ break down bone by secreting hydrochloric acid and enzymes that dissolve the matrix. A. Osteoprogenitor cells B. Osteoid cells C. Osteocytes D. Osteoclasts E. Osteoblasts

D. Osteoclasts

Which of these synovial joints does not have at least one rounded or convex surface? A. Saddle B. Ball and socket C. Pivot D. Plane E. Condylar

D. Plane

In compact bone, ________ connect adjacent lacunae, thereby providing pathways for nutrients and other materials to pass between osteocytes. A. osteonic canals B. blood vessels C. lamellae D. canaliculi E. perforating canals

D. canaliculi

During appositional growth of cartilage, the cells that produce the matrix are the A. chondrocytes B. osteocytes C. fibroblasts D. chondroblasts E. osteoblasts

D. chondroblasts

A synarthrosis is: A. always made of cartilage. B. a joint that has a capsule. C. a joint within a fetus that ossifies during early development. D. immobile. E. slightly mobile.

D. immobile.

Which is not correct about spongy bone? A. its spaces hold red bone marrow B. it is located deep to compact bone C. it forms diploe in the cranial bones D. it is composed of tubular units called osteons E. it is located in the epiphyses of long bones

D. it is composed of tubular units called osteons

The movement that occurs when the trunk of the body moves in a coronal plane laterally away from the body is A. adduction. B. hyperextension. C. eversion D. lateral flexion. E. gliding.

D. lateral flexion.

A synarthrotic joint would have: A. high mobility and high stability. B. high mobility and low stability. C. low mobility and low stability. D. low mobility and high stability

D. low mobility and high stability

The joint formed by the axis and atlas that permits the "no" shaking of the head is a _____ joint A. condylar B. hinge C. plane D. pivot E. saddle

D. pivot

An example of a flat bone would be the: A. femur (of thigh). B. radius (of forearm). C. trapezoid (of wrist). D. sternum (breast bone). E. calcaneus (heel).

D. sternum (breast bone).

Rotation of the forearm so as to direct the palm anteriorly (as in anatomic position) is called A. abduction. B. pronation. C. eversion. D. supination. E. protraction.

D. supination.

Which type of connective tissue predominates in the deep portion of the dermis, where it lends strength to the skin?

Dense Irregular

Which type of connective tissue predominates in the deep portion of the dermis, where it lends strength to the skin?

Dense irregular

lighter, wider and more flared

Describe how the female pelvis differs from the male pelvis ?

2

How many clavicals are there in the body?

bone markings

Distinguishing features of bone are called what?

no

Do floating ribs have any anterior attachment?

Sebaceous Glands

Ducts that empty into hair follicles, excreting oily substances.

mesenchyme

During the embryonic period, mesoderm becomes ---, which forms the components of the dermis.

vernix caseosa

During the fetal period, the periderm is sloughed off and mixed with sebum to create a waterproof protective coating called the --- ---.

This figure shows the knee joint. What structure does number 4 indicate? A. Posterior cruciate ligament B. Fibular collateral ligament C. Medial meniscus D. Lateral meniscus E. Anterior cruciate ligament

E. Anterior cruciate ligament

Which is not true about synovial joints? A. All articulating bone surfaces are covered with articular cartilage. B. Synovial joints are enclosed by fibrous articular capsules. C. Synovial fluid is secreted by the synovial membrane. D. Ligaments strengthen and reinforce joints. E. Blood circulates within the joint cavity to nourish the articular cartilage.

E. Blood circulates within the joint cavity to nourish the articular cartilage.

Which is not a cartilaginous joint? A. First costochondral joint B. Intervertebral joint C. Second costochondral joint D. First sternocostal joint E. Second sternocostal joint

E. Second sternocostal joint

Movement of a body part toward the main axis of the body is called A. abduction. B. flexion. C. inversion. D. retraction. E. adduction.

E. adduction.

The zones found in an epiphyseal plate are a. calcified cartilage b. hypertrophic cartilage c. ossification d. resting cartilage e. proliferating cartilage A. c a b e d B. d b e a c C. e d a c b D. c d e a b E. d e b a c

E. d e b a c

The formation of bone for a cartilaginous model is termed A. mesenchymal ossification B. intramembranous ossification C. bone remodeling D. orthodontia E. endochondral ossification

E. endochondral ossification

Which is not involved in the process of bone repair following a fracture? A. fibroblasts produce collagen fibers to connect broken pieces of bone B. a fibrocartilaginous callus serves as a model for new bone growth C. osteoclasts remove excess bone from the hard callus D. the fracture hematoma reorganizes to form a procallus E. no exceptions; all of the choices are involved in the process of bone repair

E. no exceptions; all of the choices are involved in the process of bone repair

The interosseous membrane between the radius and the ulna is an example of a: A. synchondrosis. B. suture. C. synostosis. D. synarthrosis. E. syndesmosis.

E. syndesmosis.

The epidermis derives from

ECTODERM

14

How many facial bones are there?

What is the thin layer of connective tissue that lines the medullary cavity of a long bone?

Endosteum

Which does not correctly pair a movement with its opposing movement? Flexion - extension Abduction - adduction Pronation - supination Elevation - retraction Dorsiflexion - plantar flexion

Elevation - retraction

Which does not correctly pair a movement with its opposing movement? Flexion - extension Abduction - adduction Pronation - supination Elevation - retraction Dorsiflexion - plantar flexion

Elevation - retraction

Epiphysis

End of a long bone

immune cells

Epidermal dendritic cells are phagocytic ------ cells that fight infection and epidermal cancer cells.

Before beginning orthodontic treatment, a patient may have her wrist and hand x-rayed to determine her stage of growth. What feature of the long bones will the orthodontist use to assess this?

Epiphyseal plate

Before beginning orthodontic treatment, a patient may have her wrist and hand x-rayed to determine her stage of growth. What long bone feature will the orthodontist use to assess this?

Epiphyseal plate

Which tissue type covers body surfaces and lines the inside of organs and body cavities?

Epithelial

In what tissue would you expect to find very little, if any, extracellular matrix?

Epithelial Tissue

You would most likely find goblet cells in what type of tissue?

Epithelial Tissue

Which is avascular (lacks blood vessels)?

Epithelial tissue

You would most likely find goblet cells in what type of tissue?

Epithelial tissue

Circumduction is an example of a gliding motion.

False

5 pairs

How many false rib's are there

What is the greatest risk factor for skin cancer?

Exposure to UV light rays

A fibrous joint contains a joint capsule.

False

A tendon sheath is a fat pad that fills the spaces that form when bones move.

False

About 80% of the human skeleton is replaced yearly as a result of bone remodeling.

False

An organ is made up of only one tissue type; for example, the heart is made of cardiac muscle.

False

Bone is considered part of the skeletal system, but ligaments are not.

False

Cardiac muscle is also known as visceral muscle.

False

2 pairs

How many false rib's are there?

During aging of the integumentary system, sweat production increases as a result of improved sweat gland activity.

False

Exocrine glands secrete hormones into the blood.

False

For most individuals a common source of vitamin D is dietary intake of milk.

False

Glial cells transmit impulses.

False

Gliding is an example of an angular motion.

False

In adults, an area of compact bone called the epiphyseal tract replaces the epiphyseal plate.

False

In adults, the medullary cavities of most long bones contain red marrow.

False

In general, the mechanical stresses on bones that result from exercise tend to weaken them and lead to more frequent fractures.

False

In nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelial tissue, the cells in the superficial layers are dead.

False

Medial rotation turns the anterior surface of the femur or humerus laterally.

False

Mesenchyme is found only in the umbilical cord.

False

Most of the bones of the upper and lower limbs are formed by intramembranous ossification.

False

Once we reach adulthood and our bones are fully formed and hardened, they cannot be remodeled.

False

Osteons run perpendicular to the diaphysis of a long bone.

False

Parathyroid hormone is released by the thyroid gland and causes the small intestine to increase calcium absorption.

False

Sensory receptors in the dermis detect touch, temperature, and light.

False

Since cartilage must be continuously replaced in the body, appositional and interstitial growth of cartilage continues throughout life.

False

Skin is an entirely waterproof barrier, preventing all gain or loss of fluid from the skin except sweat.

False

The ability of the components of the integumentary system to respond to stress or trauma is independent of nervous or endocrine system control.

False

The glenohumeral joint is more stable than the hip joint.

False

The joints in the body that are the most mobile, such as the glenohumeral joint or coxal joint, are also the most stable.

False

The joints in the body that are the most mobile, such as the glenohumeral joint or coxal joint, are also the most stable. -True -False

False

The reason for the reddish tint seen in lightly pigmented skin is the molecule formed by the combination of oxygen and melanin.

False

The subcutaneous layer, or hypodermis, is one of the two parts of the integument.

False

When the body is cold and needs to conserve heat, the blood vessels in the dermis dilate to allow for more blood flow in that region.

False

Suppose that you were involved in an automobile accident and suffered a back injury. When examined by your physician you are told that you have a slipped disc in the lower back. What type of tissue is involved?

Fibrocartilage

What type of cartilage is located between the bones in a symphysis? -Elastic cartilage -Reticular cartilage -Hyaline cartilage -Fibrocartilage -Sutural cartilage

Fibrocartilage

What type of cartilage is located between the bones in a symphysis? Elastic cartilage Reticular cartilage Hyaline cartilage Fibrocartilage Sutural cartilage

Fibrocartilage

What type of cartilage is located between the bones in a symphysis? Elastic cartilage Reticular cartilage Hyaline cartilage Fibrocartilage Sutural cartilage

Fibrocartilage

What type of cartilage is located between the bones in a syphysis?

Fibrocartilage

Which type of cartilage is found in the intervertebral discs?

Fibrocartilage

Which type of cartilage can be found in cartilaginous joints

Fibrocartilage, hyaline cartilage

What type of joint occurs we are bones are held together by dense regular connective tissue?

Fibrous

Which of the following describes a meniscus?

Fibrous cartilage pads

Which of the following describes a meniscus? Attach one bone to another at a joint Fibrous cartilage pads Flat, fluid-filled sacs Found only at the temporomandibular joint Attach muscles to bones

Fibrous cartilage pads

Which of the following describes a meniscus? Attach one bone to another at a joint Fibrous cartilage pads Flat, fluid-filled sacs Found only at the temporomandibular joint Attach muscles to bones

Fibrous cartilage pads

Keratin

Fibrous protein that is responsible for the strength and water resistance of the skin surface.

Which knee ligament is most crucial for preventing hyper adduction? Tibial collateral ligament Fibular collateral ligament Patellar ligament Anterior cruciate ligament Medial meniscus

Fibular collateral ligament

Which knee ligament is most crucial for preventing hyperadduction?

Fibular collateral ligament

Which knee ligament is most crucial for preventing hyperadduction? Tibial collateral ligament Fibular collateral ligament Patellar ligament Anterior cruciate ligament Medial meniscus

Fibular collateral ligament

10th

Fingernails and toenails start to form in the ----week of development

3

How many ossicles are there?

12

How many ribs are there?

Long Bone

Forms framework of appendicular skeleton (femur, tibia, fibula, humerus, ulna, & clavicle)

Dense Connective Tissue

Found in bone covering (with nervous tissue) Allows for attachment of tendons and ligaments

Hyaline Cartilage

Found in the ends of long bones and between joints Important for bone growth, protects end of bone The most abundant cartilage type in the body; commonly torn nose, trachea and bronchiols, most of larynx, costal cartilage, epiphyseal plate, and fetal skeleton

Blood Tissue

Found throughout bone Living tissue Brings nutrients, removes wastes

Which structure is indicated by number 1?

Free edge

true

Further lengthwise bone growth cannot occur once the epiphyseal lines have formed.

Which is not a correct pairing of a joint with its common name? Radiocarpal joint - wrist Glenohumeral joint - elbow Metacarpophalangeal - knuckle Temporomandibular - TMJ Talocrural - ankle

Glenohumeral joint - elbow

Which is not a correct pairing of a joint with its common name? Radiocarpal joint - wrist Glenohumeral joint - elbow Metacarpophalangeal - knuckle Temporomandibular - TMJ Talocrural - ankle

Glenohumeral joint - elbow

Which is not a function of bone?

Hormone synthesis

attach to the rib above it

How are false rib's attached anteriorly to the sternum?

Longitudinal Growth

Growth in length

Appositional Growth

Growth in width

What does number 5 indicate?

Hair follicle

9 and 12

Hair follicles begin to appear between -- and -- weeks of development as pockets of cells, called hair buds, invade the dermis from the overlying stratum basale.

keratinized cells

Hair is a slender filament composed of --- cells.

functions

Hair--- include protection against sunburn and injury, heat retention, sensory reception, visual identification, and chemical signal dispersal.

Compact bone

Hard, dense bone tissue provide strength inside shafts of long bones and outer surface of flat bones

What type of joint is Uniaxial in which the convex surface of one bone fits into the concave depression of the other bone

Hinge

Which ligament is not associated with the glenohumeral joint? Coracoacromial ligament Coracohumeral ligament Glenohumeral ligament Humeral collateral ligament

Humeral collateral ligament

Which ligament is not associated with the glenohumeral joint? Coracoacromial ligament Coracohumeral ligament Glenohumeral ligament Humeral collateral ligament

Humeral collateral ligament

Which joints are responsible for flexion and extension at the elbow? Glenohumeral and humeroulnar Humeroulnar and humeroradial Humeroulnar, humeroradial, and radioulnar Humeroradial, radioulnar, and radiocarpal Humeroradial and radioulnar

Humeroulnar and humeroradial

Which joints are responsible for flexion and extension at the elbow? Glenohumeral and humeroulnar Humeroulnar and humeroradial Humeroulnar, humeroradial, and radioulnar Humeroradial, radioulnar, and radiocarpal Humeroradial and radioulnar

Humeroulnar and humeroradial

If you extend your arm and hand with the palm facing inferiorly, and then raise the back of your hand as if admiring a new ring on your finger, the rest is said to be

Hyperextended

#6

Identify the Ligament of head of femur

#2

Identify the articular capsule

#2

Identify the menisci

#4

Identify the patellar ligament

#5

Identify the prepatellar bursa

#2

Identify the pubofemoral ligament

#3

Identify the stylomandibular ligament

#3

Identify the tibial collateral ligament

Epidermal dendritic (Langerhans) cells function as part of the ______ response.

Immune

false

In adults, an area of compact bone called the epiphyseal tract replaces the epiphyseal plate.

Hair follicles

In aging, --- ---- either produce thinner hairs or stop production entirely.

epidermal dendritic cells.

In aging, The skin's immune responsiveness is diminished by a decrease in the number and efficiency of --- ---- ---.

false

In general, the mechanical stresses on bones that result from exercise tend to weaken them and lead to more frequent fractures.

periderm

In the embryo, the ectoderm forms a covering layer called the ------, and an underlying basal layer. The basal layer will form the stratum basale and all other epidermal layers.

Where in the body would you find a glial cell?

In the nervous system

occipital

In what bone is the foramen magnum found?

What explains the dramatic acceleration in lengthwise bone growth at puberty?

Increased secretion of sex hormones promotes epiphyseal plate growth.

What helps bone resist compression?

Inorganic salts

Which are examples of hinge joints

Interphalangeal joints, elbow joint, knee joint

Which is not a correct pairing of a joint with its classification? Tibiofemoral - hinge Glenohumeral - ball and socket Trapezium and first metacarpal - saddle Intertarsal - condylar Proximal radioulnar - pivot

Intertarsal - condylar

Which is not a correct pairing of a joint with its classification? Tibiofemoral - hinge Glenohumeral - ball and socket Trapezium and first metacarpal - saddle Intertarsal - condylar Proximal radioulnar - pivot

Intertarsal - condylar

Example of a plane joint

Intertarsal joint, intercarpal joint

Which is not true regarding ligaments? -Intracapsular ligaments are within the articular capsule. -Ligaments are composed of dense regular connective -tissue. -Extrinsic ligaments are physically separate from the articular capsule. -Intrinsic ligaments are thickenings of the articular cartilage. -Extracapsular ligaments are outside the articular capsule.

Intrinsic ligaments are thickenings of the articular cartilage

Which is not true regarding ligaments? Intracapsular ligaments are within the articular capsule. Ligaments are composed of dense regular connective tissue. Extrinsic ligaments are physically separate from the articular capsule. Intrinsic ligaments are thickenings of the articular cartilage. Extracapsular ligaments are outside the articular capsule.

Intrinsic ligaments are thickenings of the articular cartilage.

Which is not true regarding ligaments? Intracapsular ligaments are within the articular capsule. Ligaments are composed of dense regular connective tissue. Extrinsic ligaments are physically separate from the articular capsule. Intrinsic ligaments are thickenings of the articular cartilage. Extracapsular ligaments are outside the articular capsule.

Intrinsic ligaments are thickenings of the articular cartilage.

irregular bone

Irregular or complex in shape with different projections for muscle attachment (vertebrae, ribs)

Which is not true about the periosteum?

It is composed of dense regular connective tissue.

Which is not correct about spongy bone?

It is composed of tubular units called osteons.

cryosurgery

It is usually impossible to completely remove a tattoo; however, methods for tattoo removal include excision, dermabrasion, ----, and lasers.

Which is not true about bone remodeling?

It occurs only at articular surfaces.

2 weeks, 2 weeks

It takes about -- weeks for a keratinocyte to reach the stratum corneum and an additional -- weeks before the keratinized cell is shed from the epidermis altogether.

Os coxae

Join sacrum and coccyx of the vertebral column to form the bony pelvis

What type of epithelium is found in the epidermis?

Keratinized stratified squamous

stratum spinosum

Keratinocytes in the --- --- begin to differentiate into non-dividing, highly specialized keratinocytes.

Patella

Kneecap-

Which feature is found in both cartilage and bone?

Lacuna

Which feature is not characteristic of epithelial tissue?

Large amount of extracellular matrix

The following are movements allowed in the cervical and lumbar regions of the vertebral column

Lateral Flexion, flexion, extension

Hypodermis

Layer of the skin made up of adipose tissue that acts as insulation and padding for the skin.

Lamellae

Layers of bone matrix form around central canal

A level is an elongated, rigid object that can be used to alter the distance of movement produced by a force

Level

What is the function of the cruciate ligaments in the knee joint? Hold the patella in place on the femur Hold the patella in place on the tibia Limit the movement of the femur on the tibia Limit the movement of the fibula on the femur Limit the movement of the fibula on the tibia

Limit the movement of the femur on the tibia

What is the function of the cruciate ligaments in the knee joint? Hold the patella in place on the femur Hold the patella in place on the tibia Limit the movement of the femur on the tibia Limit the movement of the fibula on the femur Limit the movement of the fibula on the tibia

Limit the movement of the femur on the tibia

Consider the classifications of bone, and examples of each. Which classification comprises bones used primarily for movement rather than protection?

Long bones

Reticular layer

Lower layer of the dermis, consisting of connective tissue, blood vessels, and nerves; tattoos are placed here

In this image showing connective tissue components, what structure does number 2 indicate?

Macrophage

Which cell type, found in connective tissue proper, is formed from monocytes and serves to phagocytize damaged cells or pathogens?

Macrophage

Pore

Made:Tiny openings on top of skin with sweat and oil glands Function: Let sweat and oil come out of skin.

Which cell type, found in connective tissue proper and close to blood vessels, secretes heparin and histamine?

Mast cell

true

Mature cartilage is avascular.

Tibia

Medial bone of the leg-weight bearing bone of the lower leg

melanosomes, keratinocytes

Melanocytes cytoplasmic processes transfer pigment granules, called ----, into ----

If a person were unable to form saliva, what type of gland could be missing or malfunctioning?

Merocrine glands

Which is the first type of connective tissue to form in the embryo and the source of all other adult connective tissues?

Mesenchyme

All connective tissue is formed from which embryonic germ layer?

Mesoderm

Which region of a growing bone contains the epiphyseal plate?

Metaphysis

Malignant melanoma

Metastasizes quickly; most deadly form of skin cancer

Basal cell carcinoma

Most common type of skin cancer; doesn't metastasize easily

Stratum corneum

Most superficial layer of the epidermis

Which are not considered to be features of a synovial joint? Muscles Nerves Blood vessels Articular cartilage Synovial fluid

Muscles

Which are not considered to be features of a synovial joint? Muscles Nerves Blood vessels Articular cartilage Synovial fluid

Muscles

The cells that contract and squeeze sweat glands causing them to discharge their accumulated secretions are called __________ cells.

Myoepithelial

Which is the actively growing part of the nail?

Nail matrix

Where in the body would you find a glial cell?

Nervous system

The two types of cells that make up the nervous system are

Neurons and glial cells

Which is not a function of the integument?

No exceptions; all are functions of the integument

Which is not involved in the process of bone repair following a fracture?

No exceptions; all of the choices are involved in the process of bone repair.

Which of the following is not a function of epithelial tissue?

No exceptions; these are all functions of epithelial tissue

This figure illustrates the microscopic anatomy of spongy bone. Which number indicates a central canal?

None of the choices is correct.

hemoglobin, melanin, and carotene

Normal skin color results from a combination of the colors of --, ---, and ---.

Which is not a function of synovial fluid? Nourishes osteocytes Lubricates articulating surfaces Removes wastes Serves as shock absorber Distributes stress forces across articular surfaces

Nourishes osteocytes

Which is not a function of synovial fluid? Nourishes osteocytes Lubricates articulating surfaces Removes wastes Serves as shock absorber Distributes stress forces across articular surfaces

Nourishes osteocytes

During the process of endochondral ossification, chondrocytes in the cartilage model die. Why does this occur?

Nutrients cannot diffuse to the chondrocytes through the calcified matrix.

Greenstick

One side of the bone is broken and the other is bent. Most common in children

Which is the definition for a greenstick fracture?

Only one side of the bone is broken; the other side is bent.

fungal infection

Onychomycosis is a --- ---that occurs in nails constantly exposed to warmth and moisture, causing a yellowish discoloration, a thickened nail, and brittle, cracked edges.

If a clinician were looking to harvest bone marrow that made blood cells, which bone of a donor would be sampled?

Os coxa

Which type of cell produces new bone tissue by secreting matrix?

Osteoblasts

Which is an accurate description of appositional bone growth?

Osteoblasts build bone at the circumferential lamellae while osteoclasts widen the medullary cavity.

This figure illustrates the microscopic anatomy of spongy bone. What type of cell does number 3 indicate?

Osteoclast

monocytes

Osteoclasts develop from the white blood cells called?

This figure illustrates the microscopic anatomy of spongy bone. What bone feature does number 4 indicate?

Osteocyte in lacuna

What unit of bone consists of a central canal (containing blood vessels, nerves, and lymph vessels) surrounded by concentric rings of calcified matrix?

Osteon

dome-shaped

Papules and pustules are ___-___ lesions

Which hormone inhibits bone growth?

Parathyroid hormone

Which hormone normally has a more significant effect on blood calcium levels in adults?

Parathyroid hormone

Which is a sesamoid bone?

Patella

The atlantoaxial joint between the first two cervical vertebrae is classified as what type of joint

Pivot

Which of these synovial joints does not have at least one rounded or convex surface? Saddle Ball and socket Pivot Plane Condylar

Plane

Which of these synovial joints does not have at least one rounded or convex surface? Saddle Ball and socket Pivot Plane Condylar

Plane

Which connective tissue cells produce antibodies?

Plasma cells

Where does hemopoiesis occur?

Red bone marrow

Metaphysis

Region of mature bone between diaphysis and epiphysis

The type of muscle that has elongated, multinucleated cells and is under voluntary control is __________ muscle.

Skeletal

Which type of connective tissue protein fiber forms a meshlike framework that provides structural support within many organs (within the spleen, for example)?

Reticular fibers

If you were to rub your finger over the surface of your face, you would notice that the skin is oily. What makes up the oil?

Ruptured cells from sebaceous glands

Where on the human body is the hair thick enough to retain heat?

Scalp

Acne

Sebum and dead skin cells form plugs in hair follicles. Bacteria trapped in

Which is not a cartilaginous joint? -First costochondral joint -Intervertebral joint -Second costochondral joint -First sternocostal joint -Second sternocostal joint

Second sternocostal joint

Which is not a cartilaginous joint? First costochondral joint Intervertebral joint Second costochondral joint First sternocostal joint Second sternocostal joint

Second sternocostal joint

Which is not a cartilaginous joint? First costochondral joint Intervertebral joint Second costochondral joint First sternocostal joint Second sternocostal joint

Second sternocostal joint

Which of the following is not a function of epithelial tissue?

Secretion, physical protection, selective permeability, and sensation

The lining of the air sacs in the lungs (alveoli) is comprised of what epithelium?

Simple squamous

What type of epithelium would be most suited for high levels of diffusion and filtration?

Simple squamous

Which type of epithelial tissue would be the least protective?

Simple squamous

false

Since cartilage must be continuously replaced in the body, appositional and interstitial growth of cartilage continues throughout life.

What is the function of cartilage located in the epiphyseal plates?

Site of bone elongation and growth

number

Skin is classified as either thick or thin based on the --- of epidermal strata and the relative thickness of the epidermis

Which of the following is not lined by nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelium?

Small intestine

If you were examining a microscope slide containing a type of muscle tissue and observed a branching network of striated cells, each with one or two central nuclei, you could conclude that you were looking at _____ muscle.

Smooth

The type of muscle that is found in blood vessel walls is __________ muscle.

Smooth

Which type of muscle contains fusiform cells that function to propel materials through hollow organs?

Smooth

Arrector Pilli

Smooth muscle attached to each hair follicle. Functions to make hair stand erect.

Lovers have the ability to alter which of the following?

Speed of movement, distance moved, direction of applied force

true

Spongy bone makes up less than half of total bone mass, and is located internal to compact bone.

iron deficiency

Spoon nails are a nail malformation where the outer surface of the nails are concave instead of convex and are a sign of --- ---

Osteoprogenitor cells

Stem cells that differentiate into osteoblasts; important in fracture repair

Which type of epithelium is composed of multiple layers, including an apical layer containing tall, slender cells?

Stratified columnar

ectoderm

The ---- is the origin of the epidermis

striae

Stretch marks, or ---, occur when skin stretches beyond its elastic capabilities

absorb

Sunscreens are lotions that contain materials that ---or block UVA and UVB rays

The palm of the hand is turning from a posterior position to an anterior position

Supination

If you were to reach out your hand to receive a set of keys from someone, what movements of your forearm and hand would be involved? Pronation and adduction Supination and extension Depression and flexion Protraction and rotation Eversion and abduction

Supination and extension

If you were to reach out your hand to receive a set of keys from someone, what movements of your forearm and hand would be involved? Pronation and adduction Supination and extension Depression and flexion Protraction and rotation Eversion and abduction

Supination and extension

support head

Support the head What is the function of the atlas?

skeletal system

Support, protection, movement, storage & production of RBC's are the functions of what system?

20

Sweat and sebaceous glands develop from the stratum basale and first appear at about -- weeks

myoepithelial

Sweat glands contain ----cells, which are specialized epithelial cells that can contract to squeeze the gland, causing it to discharge accumulated secretions.

Which is a joint and which articulating bones are joined by long strands of dense regular connective tissue?

Syndesmoses

Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) are polysaccharides.

TRUE

Merkel cells

Tactile cells, also called ----, are few in number and scattered throughout the stratum basale.

dermis

Tattoos are permanent images produced by injecting a dye into the ----. Scar tissue surrounds the dye granules, and they become a permanent part of the dermis layer.

Hematoma

Term for a bruise

Which type of hair forms the beard on the faces of males?

Terminal

dermal papillae

The -- -- contain nerve endings and capillaries that supply the epidermal cells with nutrients.

papillary layer

The -- -- of the dermis is the superficial layer of the dermis, internal to the epidermis and is composed of areolar connective tissue

dermis

The -- is deep to the epidermis and is composed of two layers of connective tissue.

stratum basale

The --- --- consists of a single layer of cuboidal to low columnar cells and is tightly attached to an underlying basement membrane

hair bulb

The --- --- consists of living epithelial cells and includes both the hair papilla, which contains blood vessels and nerves, and the hair matrix, which generates the keratinized cells of the hair.

stratum spinosum

The --- --- is composed of several layers of polygonal keratinocytes and is superficial to the stratum basale

stratum lucidum

The --- --- is only found in thick skin.

stratum basale

The --- --- is the deepest epidermal layer.

reticular layer

The --- --- of the dermis is deep to the papillary layer and consists of dense irregular connective tissue, which is primarily composed of collagen fiber bundles

epidermal dendritic cells

The --- ---- --- initiate an immune response against pathogens that have penetrated the skin, as well as against epidermal cancer cells

hair follicle

The --- ---consists of two layers: an outer connective tissue root sheath, and an inner epithelial tissue root sheath

mammary

The --- glands of the breasts are modified apocrine sweat glands that produce milk in lactating females

cortex

The --- is a hard coating around the developing hair, and the cuticle is a single layer of cells around the cortex, which coats the hair.

hyponychium

The --- is a region of thickened stratum corneum over which the nail projects

epidermis

The --- is water resistant and helps prevent unnecessary water loss

epidermis

The ---- acts as a physical barrier that protects the body against physical injury, chemicals, toxins, microbes, excessive heat or cold, and solar radiation

dermis

The ---- has extensive innervation, including sensory nerve fibers, motor nerve fibers, and tactile corpuscles

nail matrix

The actively growing part of the nail is the --- ---, from which the nail root, nail body, and free edge (collectively known as the nail plate) grow

sphenoid

The base of the skull that resembles a bat with it's wings extended is called?

vasoconstriction or vasodilation

The body can regulate temperature by --- or --- of the abundant blood vessels within the dermis

Spiral

The bone has been twisted apart

Humerus

The bone of the upper arm is the?

If a bone is immersed in a weak acid such as vinegar for several days, its inorganic components will dissolve. What will be the result of such an experiment?

The bone will become soft and bendable.

Oblique

The break occurs at an angle across the bone

Impacted

The broken ends of the bone are jammed into each other

lines of cleavage

The bundles of collagen and elastin fiber in the dermis align themselves parallel to the direction of routine movement; this orientation of fiber bundles creates -- of ---

vasoconstriction and vasodilation

The dermis helps regulate body temperature and blood pressure through --- and ----

calcium deficiency

The disease Ricketts is caused by?

What feature of your ear accounts for its ability to regain its shape after it has been deformed or compressed?

The elastic fibers present in the ear's cartilage

keratinized, stratified squamous

The epidermis is a --- --- --- epithelium.

strata.

The epidermis is composed of specific layers, or ----.

the epidermis.

The epithelium of the integument ---.

transverse foramina

The hole in the cervical vertebrae that accommodates blood vessels and nerves that supply the neck and head is called?

stratum corneum

The keratinized cells of the stratum ----- are essentially keratin protein enclosed in a thickened plasma membrane

stratum spinosum

The keratinocytes of the --- ---- are daughter cells of the underlying keratinocyte stem cells of the stratum basale.

Vitamin D3, D

The keratinocytes of the epidermis synthesize Vitamin --, which the body then converts to the hormone Vitamin --, which increases absorption of calcium and phosphate.

eleidin

The keratinocytes of the stratum lucidum are flattened and filled with ----

desmosomes

The keratinocytes of the stratum spinosum are attached to one another by----

What would be the effect on bone growth of insufficient dietary calcium?

The matrix would be softer.

collagen

The name of a protein that is a major component of bone matrix?

atlas

The name of the 1st cervical vertebrae is?

axis

The name of the 2nd cervical vertebrae is?

Ulna

The name of the Medial bone of the forearm?

articular

The name of the cartilage that protects bone surfaces in a synovial joint is?

tendons

The name of the cord of regular dense connective tissue that attaches a muscle to a bone is?

saddle

The name of the joint where one bone fits into a saddle like depression on another bone.is?

ball and socket

The name of the joint where the ball like surface on one bone fits into a deep cuplike depression in another bone is?.

Carpals

The names of the 8 Wrist bones?

epidermis

The outer layer (most superficial) of the skin, made up of epithelial tissue.

stratum granulosum.

The process of keratinization begins in the stratum ----.

Within which zone of the epiphyseal plate do cartilage cells undergo mitosis?

The second closest zone to the epiphysis

apocrine

The secretion of --- sweat glands is viscous and cloudy, and it contains proteins and lipids.

age, size,location

The severity of a burn injury is also measured by the --- of the patient, the general ---- of the burn, and the ---- of the burn. Burns are considered very severe or critical if one of the following criteria is met: over 25% of the body has second-degree burns; over 10% of the body has third-degree burns; or third-degree burns are present on the hands, feet, face, or perineum

sweat glands and sebaceous glands

The skin houses many EXOCRINE glands, including .

selectively permeable

The skin is --- ---and can absorb certain chemicals and drugs through transdermal administration

sweat,

The skin secretes ---, which aids in thermoregulation as well as playing a role in electrolyte homeostasis.

sebum,

The skin secretes ----, which lubricates the skin surface and hair

keratinocyte

The stratum basale is dominated by large ---- stem cells, which divide to generate new cells that replace dead cells shed from the surface

20 to 30

The stratum corneum consists of --- to --- layers of dead, anucleate keratinized cells and is the most superficial epidermal layer

3-5

The stratum granulosum consists of --- to __ layers of keratinocytes and is superficial to the stratum spinosum

2 to 3

The stratum lucidum consists of -- to --- cell layers and is superficial to the stratum granulosum

epidermal dendritic cells

The stratum spinosum contains --- --- ---, also called Langerhans cells

areolar and adipose

The subcutaneous layer consists of --- and ---connective tissue, which is deeply interwoven with the reticular layer of the dermis.

hypodermis, the superficial fascia, or subcutaneous fat.

The subcutaneous layer is also called the ---, --- --- or --- --

The type of epithelium that lines the urinary bladder and may include some binucleated cells is called ____________ epithelium

Transitional

UVA (ultraviolet A), UVB (ultraviolet B), and UVC (ultraviolet C).

The sun generates three forms of ultraviolet radiation:

Diarthrosis

The term for a freely movable joint is?

condyloid

The term for a joint that moves in 2 directions is?

synarthrosis

The term for a non movable joint is?

resorption

The term for the breakdown of bone tissue is called?.

benign basal cell carcinoma, the squamous cell carcinoma, and the malignant melanoma

The three main types of skin cancer are

coccyx

The vertebrae at the end of the spine that numbers 4 to 5 in children and 1 in adults is ?

What types of stimuli are detected by the skin's sensory receptors?

Theirs The book mentions: "heat, cold, touch, pressure, and vibration." Chemoreception and nociception would also be acceptable. Mine: The skin's sensory receptors detect pressure - light or heavy, temperature, and painful sensations that may damage tissue.

Comminuted

There is more than one fracture line. The bone is splintered or crushed.

From what else, besides physical trauma, does the skin provide protection?

Theris: UV radiation and "...harmful chemicals, toxins, microbes, and excessive heat or cold." Mine: The skin protects the body from harmful substances, UV radiation, and infectious agents. It also serves other important functions such as regulating body temperature, facilitating fluid balance, synthesizing vitamin D, housing sensory receptors, and excreting small amounts of waste.

hair follicles, sebaceous glands

Thick skin contains all five epidermal strata and sweat glands, but has no --- or ----.

palms of the hands, soles of the feet,

Thick skin is found on the __ of __ and __ of ___, and corresponding surfaces of fingers and toes

Femur

Thigh bone-longest bone in the body

flat bone

Thin and curved, (cranial bones, scapula)

lucidum

Thin skin lacks the stratum --- but does have hair follicles and sebaceous glands, as well as sweat glands.

keratinocytes, melanocytes, and tactile cells

Three types of cells occupy the stratum basale:

the hair bulb, root, and shaft

Three zones comprise the length of a hair:

Further lengthwise bone growth in which a cartilaginous model is replaced by bone.

True

The type of epithelium that lines the urinary bladder and may include some binucleated cells is called ____________ epithelium.

Transitional

psoriasis

Treatments for --- include topical corticosteroids, ultraviolet light therapy, and oral medications that may interfere with the production of skin cells.

Adduction is an example of an angular motion. -True -False

True

All muscle tissue develops from mesoderm.

True

Although sweat and sebaceous glands develop from the stratum basale of the epidermis, they eventually burrow and remain in the underlying dermis.

True

An osteoclast has a ruffled border and multiple nuclei.

True

Apocrine sweat glands secrete sweat by having the apical portion of epithelial cells pinch off.

True

Articular cartilage is composed of hyaline cartilage that lacks a perichondrium.

True

Calcitriol stimulates absorption of calcium in the small intestine.

True

Carotene, a pigment that contributes to skin color, is acquired in the body by eating various yellow-orange vegetables.

True

Deep cuts that occur perpendicular to cleavage lines tend to gape.

True

During the fetal period, sebum from the sebaceous glands mixes with the cells of the sloughed off periderm to form the vernix caseosa.

True

Endochondral ossification is a form of bone growth in which a cartilaginous model is replaced by bone.

True

Epithelial tissue tends to be richly innervated and highly regenerative

True

Epithelial tissue tends to be richly innervated and highly regenerative.

True

Fingernails are helpful in protecting the distal tips of fingers and in grasping small objects.

True

Fingernails reach the tips of the fingers before toenails are fully formed.

True

For most individuals the main source of vitamin D is dietary intake of milk.

True

Further lengthwise bone growth cannot occur once the epiphyseal lines have formed.

True

Melanocyte cytoplasmic processes transfer pigment granules into stratum basale keratinocytes; these pigment granules shield the nuclear DNA from UV radiation.

True

Moderate exercise improves the health of joints by increasing the flow of synovial fluid in and out of the articular cartilage.

True

Most of the nail body appears pink because of the blood in the underlying capillaries.

True

Nails, hair, and sweat and sebaceous glands are all derived from the epidermis.

True

Neither short nor flat bones contain a medullary canal.

True

Neither short nor flat bones contain a medullary cavity.

True

One of the components of sweat is the nitrogenous waste urea.

True

Osteoblasts are bone-forming cells; osteoclasts are bone-dissolving cells.

True

Sebum has bactericidal properties.

True

Some neurons are longer than 1 meter

True

Some neurons are longer than 1 meter.

True

Spongy bone makes up less than half of total bone mass, and is located internal to compact bone.

True

The connection between a tooth and jaw bone is an example of a joint.

True

The connection between a tooth and jaw bone is an example of a joint. -True -False

True

The elbow is considered to be a stable joint.

True

The epidermal dendritic cells are able to play an important immune response role by their phagocytic activity.

True

The epidermis exhibits variations among different body regions within a single individual, as well as differences between individuals.

True

The epiphyseal plates in long bones are examples of synchondroses.

True

The epiphyseal plates in long bones are examples of synchondroses. -True -False

True

The flat bones of the cranium form by intramembranous ossification.

True

The part of a lever from the fulcrum to the point of effort is called the effort arm. -True -False

True

The process of keratinization begins in the stratum granulosum.

True

The skin consists of different tissue types that perform specific activities and therefore is to be considered an organ.

True

The temporomandibular joint is the only mobile joint between skull bones.

True

The thin epidermis, lacking the stratum lucidum, contains only four strata and covers most of the body.

True

osteoblasts

What is the name of bone building cells?

osteocytes

What is the name of mature bone cells that maintain bone and do not produce new bone cells?

Papillary layer

Upper layer of the dermis; the top contains dermal papillae

Why might someone pale when they are exposed to a cold temperature?

Vasoconstriction has occurred

lateral flexion

Vertebral column moves laterally

Canaliculi

Very small tubes that connect lacunae to each other and the central canal

Which vitamin is required for the normal synthesis of collagen

Vitamin C

Which vitamin is required for the normal synthesis of collagen?

Vitamin C

Production of this vitamin requires skin exposure to the sun. This vitamin is crucial for regulation of calcium and phosphate.

Vitamin D

Rickets, a disease characterized by overproduction and deficient calcification of osteoid tissue, is caused by a lack of sufficient

Vitamin D.

Rickets, a disease characterized by overproduction and deficient calcification of osteoid tissue, it is caused by a lack of sufficient:

Vitamin D.

ABCDE rule

Way of detecting malignant melanoma

Rule of nines

Way of quickly assessing the extent to which a person is burned

Elastic Cartilage

Weblike mesh of elastic fibers; provides flexible, elastic support in outer ear and epiglottis; maintains shape while allowing for extensive flexibility

thoracic/sacral

What are the 2 primary concave curves of the spine?

epiphyseal plates

What area in the long bones is new cartilage formed and older cartilage calcifies to lengthen the long bones?

palatine

What bones form the back part of the hard palate?

Facial bones

What bones form the face and chambers for the sensory organs

parietal

What bones form the most of the top and sides of the skull?

clavicle/scapula

What bones make up the shoulder girdle?

a line

What forms at the ends of the bone after the epiphyseal plates harden?

harden

What happens to the epiphyseal plates when the bones have finished growing?

spongy

What is bone tissue that has more spaces than hard bone called?

yellow bone marrow

What is found in the long bone cavities?

shin bone

What is the common name for the tibia?

growth and repair

What is the function of the cells that the endosteum contain?

trochanter

What is the medical for a boney projection?

amphiarthrosis

What is the medical term for a slightly movable joint is?

hip

Where is the acetabulum located?

femor

Where is the greater trochanter found?

distal tibia/fibula

Where is the malleolus found?

gliding

Which type of joint has the least or smallest range of motion

Which sex tends to lose more bone mass with aging?

Women

facial

Wrinkles form from years of particular --- expressions

Jaundice

Yellow color to skin and mucus membranes; caused by bilirubin build-up

respiratory disease

Yellow nail syndrome occurs when growth and thickening of the nail slows or stops completely and can be a sign of ---- disease, such as chronic bronchitis

Suppose that you had a congenital condition that prevented your body from forming holocrine glands. If that were the case, which statement would be most accurate?

Your skin would become excessively dry for lack of oil from sebaceous glands.

Which bone forms by intramembranous ossification?

Zygomatic

Which list is in correct developmental order?

Zygote, blastocyst, embryo

The process of bone repair includes these steps: a: Fracture hematoma forms b: Bone is remodeled c: Fibrocartilaginous callus forms d: Bony callus forms The correct chronological order for these steps is

a - c - d - b

melonoma

a cancerous cell found in melanocytes and the most deadly (malignant)

squamous cell carcinoma

a cancerous cell found in the stratum spinosum

Basal cell carcinoma

a cancerous cell in stratum basal that is benign

When compared to the shoulder, the hip joint has a deeper bony socket and stronger supporting ligaments. a deeper bony socket but weaker supporting ligaments. a shallower bony socket and weaker supporting ligaments. a shallower bony socket but stronger supporting ligaments.

a deeper bony socket and stronger supporting ligaments.

When compared to the shoulder, the hip joint has:

a deeper bony socket and stronger supporting ligaments.

When compared to the shoulder, the hip joint has: a deeper bony socket and stronger supporting ligaments. a deeper bony socket but weaker supporting ligaments. a shallower bony socket and weaker supporting ligaments. a shallower bony socket but stronger supporting ligaments

a deeper bony socket and stronger supporting ligaments.

An exocrine gland has two parts:

a duct and a secretory portion.

nutrient artery

a large artery that enters compact bone near the middle of the diaphysis. Branches into proximal and distal portions which supply the blood to the inner layer of compact/spongy bone, and red marrow.

Osteoclast

a large multinucleate bone cell that absorbs bone tissue during growth and healing. clear up

Plasma is

a liquid ground substance containing dissolved proteins.

The glenohumeral joint exhibits a high degree of stability and a wide range of motion. a high degree of stability but a narrow range of motion. a low level of stability but a wide range of motion. a low level of stability and a narrow range of motion.

a low level of stability but a wide range of motion.

The glenohumeral joint exhibits: a high degree of stability and a wide range of motion. a high degree of stability but a narrow range of motion. a low level of stability but a wide range of motion. a low level of stability and a narrow range of motion

a low level of stability but a wide range of motion.

A skeletal muscle fiber is

a skeletal muscle cell.

Periosteum

a tough connective tissue membrane that covers the rest of the bone exterior

Among the components of the dermis are a: sweat glands b: hair follicles c: collagen fibers d: sensory nerve endings e: arrector pili muscles

a, b, c, d, e

Among the components of the dermis are: a: sweat glands b: hair follicles c: collagen fibers d: sensory nerve endings e: arrector pili muscles

a, b, c, d, e

Which of these are functions of hair? a: Sensory reception b: Heat retention c: Pheromone dispersal d: Protection e: Visual identification

a, b, c, d, e

Normally, skin color results from a combination of a: melanin b: hemoglobin c: bilirubin d: carotene

a, b, d

Normally, skin color results from a combination of: a: melanin b: hemoglobin c: bilirubin d: carotene

a, b, d

Which are applicable to the stratum corneum? a: Most superficial stratum b: Consists of about 3-5 cell layers c: Cells are dead d: Interlocking keratinized cells e: Cells are anucleate

a, c, d, e

Which of these comprise the nail plate? a: Free edge b: Nail folds c: Eponchyium d: Nail root e: Nail body

a, d, e

The process of bone repair includes these steps: a: Fracture hematoma forms b: Bone is remodeled c: Fibrocartilaginous callus forms d: Bony callus forms The correct chronological order for these steps is

a-c-d-b

What are the five strata (layers) of thick skin from deep to superficial

a. Stratum basal b. Stratum spinosum c. Stratum granulosum d. Stratum lucidum e. Stratum corneum

Differentiate between vasoconstriction and vasodilation in thermoregulation

a. Vasoconstriction- narrow less blood travel (cold) b. Vasodilation- more blood travel

Generally, people have ________ number of melanocytes ______________.

about the same, no matter where they live

Generally, people have ________ number of melanocytes ______________.

about the same; no matter where they live

Melanin

accumulates around the nucleus of the keratinocytes and shields the nuclear DNA from ultraviolet radiation

The fibrocartilage rim that deepens the hip socket is the coxal retinaculum. obturator membrane. acetabular labrum. glenoid labrum.

acetabular labrum.

The fibrocartilage rim that deepens the hip socket is the:

acetabular labrum.

The fibrocartilage rim that deepens the hip socket is the: coxal retinaculum. obturator membrane. acetabular labrum. glenoid labrum.

acetabular labrum.

The ligamentum teres of the hip extends from the ilium to the lesser trochanter of the femur. acetabulum to the head of the femur. pubis to the greater trocanter of the femur. iliac crest to the head of the femur. ischium to the intertrochanteric crest of the femur.

acetabulum to the head of the femur.

The ligamentum teres of the hip extends from the: ilium to the lesser trochanter of the femur. acetabulum to the head of the femur. pubis to the greater trocanter of the femur. iliac crest to the head of the femur. ischium to the intertrochanteric crest of the femur.

acetabulum to the head of the femur.

*Number 1 indicates a simple _____ gland.

acinar

anagen

active phase of hair (growing)

Sebum

acts as a lubricant to keep the skin and hair from becoming dry, brittle, and cracked, as well as possessing bactericidal properties

Movement of a body part toward the main axis of the body is called

adduction

Movement of a body part toward the main axis of the body is called: abduction. flexion. inversion. retraction. adduction.

adduction

Movement of a body part toward the main axis of the body is called abduction. flexion. inversion. retraction. adduction.

adduction.

Movement of a body part toward the main axis of the body is called:

adduction.

Fibronectin is an example of a(n)

adherent glycoprotein.

Fibronectin is an example of a(n)

adherent glycoprotein. glycosaminoglycan. proteoglycan.

EndoCHONdral ossification

all bones( long bones) below skull, except clavicle, upper and lower limbs, pelvis and vertebrae. it has a Cartilage step. 1. Fetal hyaline cartilage model is formed during pregnancy 2. cartilage begins to die and calcifies( fetal period) 3. Primary ossication cenetr forms where osteoblasts extend from periosteum ( fetal period) 4. Secondary ossification centers- forms at the epiphyses( occur around birth). Osteoclasts create medullary cavity. 5. Almost all cartilage is replaced by bone, except at the epiphyseal plate (child) 6. Epiphyseal plates ossify and form epiphyseal lines ( late teens and adults)

A tissue transplant from one person to another (one who is not genetically identical) is a(n)

allograft.

Short Bones

almost equal in length and width and contain a thick interior of spongy bone covered by a veneer of thin compact bone.

Thinning of the hair is called ________.

alopecia

thinning hair (hair growth haults)

alopecia

Eccrine Glands

also called sudoriferous glands, found through the body

cortical/dense bone

alternate term for compact bone

A slightly mobile joint is:

amphiarthrosis

Synovial fluid is -a watery fluid produced by hyaline cartilage. -an oily fluid produced by the synovial membrane. -a watery fluid produced by capsular ligaments. -an oily fluid produced by articular cartilage.

an oily fluid produced by the synovial membrane

Synovial fluid is a watery fluid produced by hyaline cartilage. an oily fluid produced by the synovial membrane. a watery fluid produced by capsular ligaments. an oily fluid produced by articular cartilage.

an oily fluid produced by the synovial membrane.

Synovial fluid is: a watery fluid produced by hyaline cartilage. an oily fluid produced by the synovial membrane. a watery fluid produced by capsular ligaments. an oily fluid produced by articular cartilage.

an oily fluid produced by the synovial membrane.

what are the three stages of hair growth

anagen catagen telogen

A movement that increases or decreases the angle between two bones is a(n) __________ motion. angular rotational eversion sliding

angular

A movement that increases or decreases the angle between two bones is a(n) __________ motion. angular rotational eversion sliding

angular

cutaneous membrane

another name for the skin

The mammary glands of the breasts are modified ______ sweat glands.

apocrine

The type of gland that secretes sweat into a hair follicle that is found in the axillary, anal, and genital regions is the ________ sweat gland.

apocrine

into hair follicle and go to surface, simple sweat (armpit, pubic)

apocrine

Bone growth in which the bone increases in diameter is called:

appositional growth

Bone growth in which the bone increases in diameter is called

appositional growth.

Gomphoses: contain fluid-filled joint cavities. are found only in tooth sockets. consist of sheets of hyaline cartilage. cover the tendons in the shoulder and coxal joints. are also called saddle joints

are found only in tooth sockets

Gomphoses -contain fluid-filled joint cavities. -are found only in tooth sockets. -consist of sheets of hyaline cartilage. -cover the tendons in the shoulder and coxal joints. -are also called saddle joints.

are found only in tooth sockets.

Gomphoses contain fluid-filled joint cavities. are found only in tooth sockets. consist of sheets of hyaline cartilage. cover the tendons in the shoulder and coxal joints. are also called saddle joints.

are found only in tooth sockets.

Nails

are scalelike modifications of the stratum corneum layer of the epidermis that form on the dorsal edges of the fingers and toes.

sesamoid bones

are small bones that develop in tendons for protection against wear and tear.

Metaphyses

areas in an adult bone where the epiphyses and diaphysis join

Which type of connective tissue is found in the papillary layer of the dermis and contains all of the cell types of connective tissue proper

areolar

loose connective tissue; gel-like matrix; all 3 fiber types; widely distributed under epithelia

areolar

what are loose connective tissue

areolar and reticular

synovial membranes are composed of what connective tissue

areolar connective tissue

The structure responsible for pulling on the follicle and causing "goose bumps" is the

arrector pili muscle.

The structure responsible for pulling on the follicle and causing "goose bumps" is the:

arrector pili muscle.

What is the smooth muscle that allows hair to stand erect?

arrector pilli

The repetitious compression/relaxation that occurs during exercise is vital for maintaining a healthy ____ ____ in a synovial joint.

articular cartilage

In the temporomandibular joint, a pad of fibrocartilage called the _________ divides the synovial cavity into two separate chambers. meniscus articular disc mandibular partition sphenomandibular ligament coronoid capsule

articular disc

In the temporomandibular joint, a pad of fibrocartilage called the _________ divides the synovial cavity into two separate chambers. meniscus articular disc mandibular partition sphenomandibular ligament coronoid capsule

articular disc

Shrinkage of tissue by a decrease in either cell number or cell size is termed

atrophy

decrease size of cells

atrophy

Shrinkage of tissue by a decrease in either cell number or cell size is termed

atrophy.

transmit signals away from the cell body

axons

Inability to circumduct

ball and socket replaced by hinge

The stratum basale attaches to an underlying _______ membrane that separates the epidermis from the adjacent dermis.

basement

interference of nail growth

beau's nails

With age, bones

become brittle.

With age, epithelial tissues

become thinner.

Sutures are joints that are found

between certain bones of the skull

Sutures are joints that are found: throughout the axial and appendicular skeletons. between all bones and teeth of the skull. between certain bones of the skull. only where a facial bone articulates with a cranial bone.

between certain bones of the skull

Sutures are joints that are found -throughout the axial and appendicular skeletons. -between all bones and teeth of the skull. -*between certain bones of the skull. -only where a facial bone articulates with a cranial bone.

between certain bones of the skull.

Sutures are joints that are found throughout the axial and appendicular skeletons. between all bones and teeth of the skull. between certain bones of the skull. only where a facial bone articulates with a cranial bone.

between certain bones of the skull.

Where are syndesmoses found?

between radius and ulna, between tibia and fibula

A joint in which the bone can move in two planes is said to be____________

biaxial

cyanosis

blue (decrease oxygen)

functions of bone

body movement, mineral storage, and protection

What type of connective tissue makes blood cells

bone

houses marrow, which produces blood cells

bone

Bone fracture: open ( compound)

bone breaks through the skin

Bone fracture: Complete

bone broken in 2 pieces

rickets

bone diseases due to less minerals. found in children. lack calcium or Vitamin D. Calcium phosphate because of the lack of the above.

osteoclasts

bone dissolving/ bone eating cells, by secreting hydrochloric acid and enzymes that dissolve the matrix

Bone fracture: closed ( simple)

bone doesnt break through skin

osteoblasts

bone forming cells

Osteoblast

bone forming cells; produce new bone matrix osteoid and remain trapped within it

Wolff's Law

bone grows or remodels in response to forces or demands placed upon it

appositional growth

bone growth in which the bone increases in diameter

distal epiphysis

bone tissue that is replaced more frequently than spongy tissue, the part of the femur that is more frequently replaced

Osteomalacia/rickets

bones become softer because of a vitamin D deficiency los of calcium and phosphorus

ostopernia

bones degrated more than deposited . in elderly 30s

beau's nails

chemotherapy or hypocarcemia

When exposed to ultraviolet light, keratinocytes convert a steroid precursor into ________, a molecule that is crucial for regulation of calcium levels.

cholecalciferol

When exposed to ultraviolet light, keratinocytes convert a steroid precursor into ________, a molecule that is crucial for regulation of calcium levels.

cholecalciferol {what @ calcitonin}

During appositional growth of cartilage, the cells that produce the matrix are the

chondroblasts.

When the distal end of limb makes a circular motion while the proximal end of limb stays stationary, such that the entire limbs movement defines an imaginary cone shape, the motion is known as

circumduction

Nail pitting

cirrhosis

The epiphyseal plates in the _____ are the last ones in the body to ossify.

clavicle

The epiphyseal plates in the _________ are the last ones in the body to ossify.

clavicle

What is the most abundant protein in the body, forming about 25% of all body protein?

collagen

Osteoporosis

collagen framework deposited minerals broken down faster than formed canals connecting osteocytes become wider weakening the bone more spongy porous bone

what are the three fibers

collagen, elastic, and reticular

transverse fracture

complete fracture that is straight across the bone at right angles to the long axis of the bone

Epiphyseal Line

completely ossified remnant of the epiphyseal plate

Skeletal System

components include bone, cartilage, ligaments, etc

Articular Cartilage

composed of hyaline cartilage, covers both epiphyses

lamellae

concentric rings of connective tissue

The metatarsophalangeal joints allow movement in teo planes and are classified as _______ joints.

condylar

The metatarsophalangeal joints allow movement in two planes and are classified as _________ joints. planar ball and socket condylar pivot hinge

condylar

The metatarsophalangeal joints allow movement in two planes and are classified as _________ joints. planar ball and socket condylar pivot hinge

condylar

clubbing

congestive heart disease or lung disease

Which of the primary tissue types is most widely distributed throughout the body

connective

Which primary tissue type would be represented by blood, body fat, ligaments and tendons, dermis of the skin, and the cartilage of some joints

connective tissue

athlete's foot

contagious; fungal infection

fetal skull

contain frontanelles : soft spots. skull is incomplete at birth . allow compression of bones during birth.

Nails are hard derivatives formed from the stratum ______ of the epidermis.

corneum

Sunless tanners

create a tanned, bronzed skin without UV light exposure and often contain the chemical dihydroxyacetone (DHA); however, sunless tanners offer no protection against UV rays.

A common knee injury is a torn ACL, which stands for anterior______ligament

cruciate

*The largest of the body membranes, commonly called the skin, is the _______ membrane.

cutaneous

Another name for the skin is the _________ membrane

cutaneous

Another name for the skin is the _________ membrane.

cutaneous

The zones found in an epiphyseal plate are a: Calcified cartilage b: Hypertrophic cartilage c: Ossification d: Resting cartilage e: Proliferating cartilage The correct order for these zones, beginning with the edge closest to the epiphysis and proceeding toward the diaphysis, is

d - e - b - a - c

Which is false regarding ligaments? a)Intracapsular ligaments are within the articular capsule. b)Ligaments are composed of dense regular connective tissue. c)Extrinsic ligaments are physically separate from the articular capsule. d)Intrinsic ligaments are thickenings of the articular cartilage. e)Extracapsular ligaments are outside the articular capsule.

d)Intrinsic ligaments are thickenings of the articular cartilage.

Which of these synovial joints does not have at least one rounded or convex surface? a)ball and socket b)condylar c)saddle d)plane e)pivot

d)plane

Flexion

decrease the angle between two bones

One of the main dangers of burns is

dehydration

One of the main dangers of burns is:

dehydration, as water can escape from the body

One of the main dangers of burns is

dehydration, as water can escape from the body.

transmit signals toward the cell body.

dendrites

Periosteum

dense fibrous membrane that covers the surface on a bone

Which type of connective tissue predominates in the deep portion of the dermis, where it lends strength to the skin

dense irregular

what two types of connective tissue can be found in the dermis of the skin?

dense irregular and areolar

what are dense connective tissue

dense irregular and dense regular

arranged collagen fibers; withstand tension in multiple directions; extensive blood supply; dermis, fibrous joint capsule

dense irregular connective tissue

The reticular layer of the dermis consists primarily of

dense irregular connective tissue.

The reticular layer of the dermis consists primarily of:

dense irregular connective tissue.

What type of connective tissue makes up tendons and ligaments?

dense regular

In fibrous joints, the articulating surfaces are held together by

dense regular connective tissue

primarily parallel collagen fibers; primarily fibroblast cells; tendons, ligaments; few blood vessels, long healing time

dense regular connective tissue

In fibrous joints, the articulating surfaces are held together by dense regular connective tissue. areolar connective tissue. dense irregular connective tissue. fibrocartilage. articular cartilage.

dense regular connective tissue.

In fibrous joints, the articulating surfaces are held together by:

dense regular connective tissue.

In fibrous joints, the articulating surfaces are held together by: dense regular connective tissue. areolar connective tissue. dense irregular connective tissue. fibrocartilage. articular cartilage

dense regular connective tissue.

____ is the inferior movement of a body part

depression

Blood capillaries that supply nourishment for the epidermis are located in the

dermal papillae.

Blood capillaries that supply nourishment for the epidermis are located in the:

dermal papillae.

When the body is too warm, dermal blood vessels will undergo _______ in order to increase heat loss.

dilation

Cancer

disease caused by uncontrolled cell growth (mitosis)

The knobby region of a long bone at the end that is farthest from the trunk is the

distal epiphysis.

irregular bones

do not easily fit into any category

age

doctors use epiphyseal plates and lines to determine what from x-rays?

Simple fracture

does not penetrate the skin

Involved part is desiccated and shriveled Usually due to extreme cold

dry gangrene

An exocrine gland has two parts

duct and secretory portions

abnormal tissue development

dysplasia

The epidermis derives from

ectoderm.

The epidermis derives from:

ectoderm.

The epithelial linings of the respiratory and digestive systems develop from the

ectoderm. endoderm. mesoderm. lumenoderm.

mechanical stress

effects osteoblasts and osteoclast activity

The part of a lever from the fulcrum to the point of effort is called the effort arm

effort arm

When considering leverage, the part of the bone from the muscle attachment to the joint would be the: fulcrum. effort arm. resistance arm.

effort arm

When considering leverage, the part of the bone from the muscle attachment to the joint would be the fulcrum. effort arm. resistance arm.

effort arm.

Collagen fibers impart tensile strength to our skin while ______ fibers allow for some stretch and contraction in the dermis during movement.

elastic

dense network, elastic fibers, flexible are

elastic cartilage

what cartilage is found in external ears, larynx)

elastic cartilage

- (long, thin) (stretch, recoil) form branching network

elastic fibers

The superior movement of the mandible while closing the mouth is an example of _______.

elevation

bone feature: Diaphysis

elongates shaft which provides leverage and weight support for long bone

The formation of bone from a cartilaginous model is termed

endochondral ossification.

The epithelial linings of the respiratory and digestive systems develop from the

endoderm.

the simple squamous epithelium that lines both blood vessels and lymph vessels

endothelium

Epiphyses

enlarged proximal and distal ends of long bones are called _________.

Cancer cells in the epidermis are attacked by

epidermal dendritic cells.

Cancer cells in the epidermis are attacked by:

epidermal dendritic cells.

Keratinized stratified squamous epithelium found where

epidermis

What are the 2 layers of the skin and what type of tissue makes up each layer

epidermis- stratified squamous dermis - dense irregular

what is a location of a synchondrosis

epiphyseal plate

Another name for the cuticle is the

eponychium

Another name for the cuticle is the:

eponychium

Another name for the cuticle is the

eponychium.

The deeper sublayer of the dermis is the ________ layer, and it is the _______ of the two.

eticular, thicker

The fixed point around which a lever rotates is the _______.

fulcrum

What is the greatest risk factor for skin cancer?

exposure to UV light rays

Hyperextension

extension beyond anatomical position

The steps in the process of endochondral ossification are a: Ossification center forms in the diaphysis. b: Cartilage calcifies and a bone collar forms. c: Ossification centers form in the epiphyses. d: Bone replaces cartilage. e: Epiphyseal plates ossify. f: Cartilage model develops. The correct chronological order for these steps is

f. - b. - a. - c. - d. - e.

(t/f) Mesenchyme is found only in the umbilical cord

false

When the body is cold and needs to conserve heat, the blood vessels in the dermis dilate to allow for more blood flow in that region.

false

pocrine sweat glands secrete sweat by having the apical portion of epithelial cells pinch off. (t/f)

false

In nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelial tissue, the cells in the superficial layers are dead. (t/f)

false cells are dead in keratinized cells

Yellow Marrow

fatty substance found inside the medullary cavity

Compared to the young, elderly individuals have _______ epidermal dendritic skin cells.

fewer

Flat cells with tapered ends that are the most abundant resident cells in connective tissue proper are known as

fibroblasts

what cartilage forms intervertebral dics, cushions bones in knee

fibrocartilage

what cartilage is (tough tissue) absorber for structures subjected to pressure

fibrocartilage

In response to severe injuries or burns, the body may repair itself by producing scar tissue to fill the damaged area. This process is called

fibrosis

In response to severe injuries or burns, the body may repair itself by producing scar tissue to fill the damaged area. This process is called _______.

fibrosis

gap filled w/ scar tissue (collagen produced) (functional activity not restored)

fibrosis

what layer of the synovial joint strengthens the joint to prevent the bones from being pulled apart

fibrous

The sagittal suture is a(n) cartilaginous joint. fibrous joint. synovial joint. synchondrosis. amphiarthrosis.

fibrous joint.

The sagittal suture is a(n):

fibrous joint.

The sagittal suture is a(n): cartilaginous joint. fibrous joint. synovial joint. synchondrosis. amphiarthrosis.

fibrous joint.

Structurally, a syndesmosis is a _______ joint; functionally, it is a ________.

fibrous, amphiarthrosis

Structurally, a syndesmosis is a _________ joint; functionally, it is a __________. cartilagenous, diarthrosis cartilagenous, amphiarthrosis fibrous, amphiarthrosis fibrous, synarthrosis ball and socket, pivot

fibrous, amphiarthrosis

Structurally, a syndesmosis is a _________ joint; functionally, it is a __________.

fibrous; amphiarthroses

Structurally, a syndesmosis is a _________ joint; functionally, it is a __________. -cartilagenous; diarthrosis -cartilagenous; amphiarthrosis -fibrous; amphiarthrosis -fibrous; synarthrosis -ball and socket; pivot

fibrous; amphiarthrosis

Structurally, a syndesmosis is a _________ joint; functionally, it is a __________. cartilagenous; diarthrosis cartilagenous; amphiarthrosis fibrous; amphiarthrosis fibrous; synarthrosis ball and socket; pivot

fibrous; amphiarthrosis

Thick skin contains:

five epidermal strata and lacks sebaceous glands

Thick skin contains

five epidermal strata and lacks sebaceous glands.

Flat bones

flat and contain a thin, spongy bone interior covered by a veneer of compact bone.

Intramembranous ossification

flat bones of the skull, zygomatic maxilla, mandible, clavicle. 1.cells differentiate into osteoprogenitor cells and then become osteoblasts. Ossification centers form. 2.Osteoid becomes calcified. Osteoblasts trapped within lacunae in the matrix, become osteocytes 3. Woven bone is formed. not strong, not orginized. 4. Woven bone is replaced by lamellar bone( spongy and compact bone)

In addition to its hinge function, when the knee is _______ it allows for some slight ________. flexed, circumduction flexed, rotation extended, supination extended, gliding

flexed, rotation

In addition to its hinge function, when the knee is _______ it allows for some slight ________. flexed; circumduction flexed; rotation extended; supination extended; gliding

flexed; rotation

When the arm is raised anteriorly, the movement at the shoulder is

flexion

When the arm is raised anteriorly, the movement at the shoulder is -extension. -flexion. -abduction. -adduction. -Rotation.

flexion

When the arm is raised anteriorly, the movement at the shoulder is: extension. flexion. abduction. adduction. rotation.

flexion

Clenching the fingers to make a fist, then relaxing and straightening them is an example of __________ followed by __________. flexion, extension extension, flexion adduction, abduction abduction, adduction extension, hyperextension

flexion, extension

When the arm is raised anteriorly, the movement at the shoulder is extension. flexion. abduction. adduction. rotation.

flexion.

Clenching the fingers to make a fist, then relaxing and straightening them, is an example of __________ followed by __________. flexion; extension extension; flexion adduction; abduction abduction; adduction extension; hyperextension

flexion; extension

osteoblasts/osteoclasts

for bone formation, bone tissue repair, and bone remodeling

Endochondral ossification

form of bone growth in which a cartilaginous model is replaced by bone.

flat bones of the cranium

formed by intramembranous ossification.

macrophage

formed from monocytes and serves to phagocytize damaged cells or pathogens

Spongy bone

forms diploe in the cranial bones.

red bone marrow

found in cancellous bone; site of hematopoiesis(blood cell formation)

mast cell

found in connective tissue proper and close to blood vessels, secretes heparin and histamine

Sebaceous Glands

found in the dermis, secretes oil (sebum)

red marrow

found within the cavity of spongy bone and produces blood cells.

comminuted fracture

fracture in which the bone is crushed

The term "diarthrosis" refers to a joint that is immobile. freely mobile. fused. slightly mobile. dislocated.

freely mobile.

The term diarthrosis refers to a joint that is:

freely mobile.

The term diarthrosis refers to a joint that is: immobile. freely mobile. fused. slightly mobile. dislocated

freely mobile.

Diarthrosis

freely movable joint

In the body, a joint serves as a ________ for a long bone. fulcrum lever effort arm resistor

fulcrum

In the body, a joint serves as a ________ for a long bone. fulcrum lever effort arm resistor

fulcrum

The fixed point around which a lever rotates is the _________. fulcrum condyle resistance node effort arm multiaxis

fulcrum

The fixed point around which a lever rotates is the fulcrum. condyle. resistance node. effort arm. multiaxis.

fulcrum.

osteon

functional unit of the bone

Ring worm

fungal infection; rash tends to look circular

Bacteria invade necrotic tissue (often muscle) Bacteria produce gas bubbles

gas gangrene

either individual cells or multicellular organs composed predominantly of epithelial tissue. They secrete substances either for use elsewhere in the body or for elimination from the body.

glands

Sebaceous

glands are holocrine glands that produce an oily, waxy secretion called sebum that is usually discharged onto a hair follicle.

Ceruminous

glands are modified sweat glands located only in the ear canal, where their secretion forms a waterproof earwax called cerumen

Sebaceous

glands are stimulated by hormones and become most active during puberty.

When protracting the jaw or making small side to side movements during chewing, the temporomandibular joint makes ________ movements. rotation gliding flexion extension circumduction

gliding

When protracting the jaw or making small side-to-side movements during chewing, the temporomandibular joint makes ________ movements. rotation gliding flexion extension circumduction

gliding

In general, the movements demonstrated at plane joints between the carpals are rotations. gliding movements. flexions and extensions. circumductions. pivots.

gliding movements.

In general, the movements demonstrated at plane joints between the carpals are: rotations. gliding movements. flexions and extensions. circumductions. pivots.

gliding movements.

what are the ground substances

glycosaminoglycans (gags), proteoglycans, adherent glycoproteins

Decreased tooth stability and resilience

gomphoses replaced by pivot

yellow bone marrow

gradually replaces red bone marrow in adult bones; functions as storage for fat tissue and is inactive in the formation of blood cells

Epiphyseal Plate

growth plate near the ends of long bones where osteoblast activity increases bone length

Which region of the hair contains actively mitotic cells

hair matrix

bone feature: Medullary Cavity

hallow space in dialysis that contains bone marrow. ( red blood marrow in kids and yellow in adults)

plantar flexion

heel is higher than toes

Dorsiflexion

heel is lower than toes

inorganic salts

helps bone resist compression

A tissue transplant from an animal to a human is a(n)

heterograft.

Hyaline cartilage contains a ______ percentage of water; cartilage cells reside in small spaces called ________.

high; lacunae

Bone is ____ and contains mainly ____ nerves.

highly vascularized, sensory

Bone is ________ and contains mainly ________ nerves.

highly vascularized; sensory

The elbow is a ______ joint.

hinge

The elbow is a _______ joint. plane hinge condyle saddle

hinge

The elbow is a _______ joint. plane hinge condyle saddle

hinge

When elevating the mandible to chew food, the temporomandibular joint functions as a _________ joint. pivot ball and socket hinge saddle

hinge

When elevating the mandible to chew food, the temporomandibular joint functions as a _________ joint. pivot ball and socket hinge saddle

hinge

The type of exocrine gland in which the entire cell disintegrates, liberating any accumulated products, is the __________ gland

holocrine

The type of exocrine gland in which the entire cell disintegrates, liberating any accumulated products, is the __________ gland.

holocrine

parathyroid hormone

hormone that has a significant effect on blood calcium levels in adults

endocrine glands secrete

hormones

Endocrine glands secrete

hormones.

shorter and less curved

how does the female coccyx differ from the male?

8

how many cranial bones are there?

hairiness, excessive hair growth

hursutism

3 major types of cartilage are

hyaline elastic fibrocartilage

(white, glass) found on ends of bone in joints, made of collagenous fibers, important for growth in bones

hyaline cartilage

Endochondral ossification begins with a(n) _________ model.

hyaline cartilage

The most common type of cartilage, named for its glassy appearance, is

hyaline cartilage

what cartilage is found in soft part of nose, supporting rings of respiratory passages

hyaline cartilage

The most common type of cartilage, named for its glassy appearance, is

hyaline cartilage.

If you move your head in such a way to look up at the ceiling, you are _________ your neck.

hyperextending

If you move your head in such a way to look up at the ceiling, you are _________ your neck. hyperextending rotating circumducting flexing elevating

hyperextending

If you move your head in such a way to look up at the ceiling, you are _________ your neck. hyperextending rotating circumducting flexing elevating

hyperextending

When the angle between articulating bones increases beyond the anatomic position, the movement is referred to as dislocation. supination. hyperextension. hyperflexion. hypertrophy.

hyperextension.

When the angle between articulating bones increases beyond the anatomical position, the movement is referred to as: dislocation. supination. hyperextension. hyperflexion. hypertrophy

hyperextension.

an increase in the number of cells in a tissue

hyperplasia

increase number of cells

hyperplasia

increase size of cells (fat cells)

hypertrophy

Strong reinforcement for the anterior aspect of the hip joint is provided by the Y-shaped iliofemoral ligament. pubofemoral ligament. ligament of the head of the femur. ischiofemoral ligament.

iliofemoral ligament.

Strong reinforcement for the anterior aspect of the hip joint is provided by the Y-shaped: iliofemoral ligament. pubofemoral ligament. ligament of the head of the femur. ischiofemoral ligament.

iliofemoral ligament.

osteonyelitis

imflammation of bone and bone marrow. common in long bones. cause by pus-forming bacteria- bacteria that enter body via wound. bone infection can accur right after surgery

A synarthrosis is always made of cartilage. a joint that has a capsule. a joint within a fetus that ossifies during early development. immobile. slightly mobile.

immobile.

A synarthrosis is: always made of cartilage. a joint that has a capsule. a joint within a fetus that ossifies during early development. immobile. slightly mobile.

immobile.

A synarthrosis is:

immoble.

Synarthrosis

immovable joint

Epidermal dendritic (Langerhans) cells function as part of the ______ response.

immune

Epiphyseal Plate

in growing bone, the metaphyses contain a layer of hyaline cartilage called the _______.

Where in the body would you find a glial cell

in nervous system

Apocrine Glands

in the pubic and underarm areas that secrete a thicker sweat

parrathyroid hormone

increase blood calcium levels by ecouraging bone resorption by osteoclasts ( PLAYS A ROLE IN REORBPTION)

appositional growth

increase diameter occur within the penostem ( keeps deposting more bones of the outside) osteoblasts( ADD BONE) produce and deposite bone matrix in layers parralel to surface lamellae. Osteoclasts resorb bone matrix and open the medullary cavity.

intestitial groeth

increase length occurs at the epiphyseal plate " growth plate. REQUIRED BY EPIPHYSEAL LINE 18yrs old for female and 21 years for male

extension

increase the angle between two bones

High blood calcium and exercise cause calcitonin release to

increase.

In the kidneys, parathyroid hormone acts to ________ production of calcitriol and to ________ excretion of calcium in urine.

increase; decrease

During development of synovial joints, the articular capsule forms from mesenchymal tissue that is laterally located. centrally located.

laterally located.

During development of synovial joints, the articular capsule forms from mesenchymal tissue that is: laterally located. centrally located

laterally located.

The internal feature of bone that makes it simultaneously strong and lightweight is the

lattice structure of spongy bone

The internal feature of bone that makes it simultaneously strong and lightweight is the

latticework structure of spongy bone.

Interstitial growth of cartilage increases its ______ and occurs in the _______ region of the cartilage

length; internal

Compared to the young, elderly individuals have _______ epidermal dendritic skin cells.

less

A fracture parallel to the long axis of the bone is a(n) ________ fracture.

linear

A fracture parallel to the long axis of the bone is a(n) _________ fracture.

linear

Serous membrane

lines cavities that are not open to the environment and contain organs; produces lubricating fluid

Mucus membrane

lines cavities that are open to the environment; produces mucus

Synovial membrane

lines joint cavities; produces lubricating fluid; made of connective tissues

endosteum

lines the medullary cavity with a connective tissue membrane

Drugs that are administered by skin patches tend to be _______ soluble molecules that are absorbed ________.

lipid, slowly

Drugs that are administered by skin patches tend to be _______ soluble molecules that are absorbed ________.

lipid; slowly

To trigger bone growth, growth hormone stimulates the

liver to produce somatomedin.

The bones of the fingers and toes (phalanges) are categorized as ____ bones.

long

The bones of the fingers and toes (phalanges) are categorized as _____ bones.

long

Long Bones

longer than they are wide, with a thick compact exterior

The articular capsule of the temporomandibular joint is exceptionally loose. tight.

loose

The articular capsule of the temporomandibular joint is exceptionally: loose. tight.

loose

With age, connective tissues

lose their pliability and resiliency.

Glucocorticoids increase bone ________; high levels of serotonin lead to _____ bone density.

loss; low

Parathyroid hormone release is triggered by _______ levels of calcium in the blood.

low

A synarthrotic joint would have high mobility and high stability. high mobility and low stability. low mobility and low stability. low mobility and high stability.

low mobility and high stability.

A synarthrotic joint would have:

low mobility and high stability.

Sebum is a secretion that:

lubricates skin and helps defend against bacteria

Sebum is a secretion that

lubricates skin and helps defend against bacteria.

Cerumen is a secretion that

lubricates the ear canal and traps debris before it reaches the eardrum.

Cerumen is a secretion that:

lubricates the ear canal and traps debris before it reaches the eardrum.

The stratum _______ is found only in thick skin, such as the skin covering the palms and soles

lucidum

Which cell type, found in connective tissue proper, is formed from monocytes and serves to phagocytize damaged cells or pathogens?

macrophage

The two types of leukocytes that clean up debris underneath the blood clot of a wound are

macrophages and neutrophils.

The two types of leukocytes that clean up debris underneath the blood clot of a wound are:

macrophages and neutrophils.

Hereditary defect in elastin fibers

marfan syndrome

Which cell type, found in connective tissue proper and close to blood vessels, secretes heparin and histamine?

mast cell

Hair production involves a specialized type of keratinization that occurs in the hair ______.

matrix

Osteoid

matrix produced by osteoblasts, but not yet calcified to form bone

Osteocyte

mature bone cell

osteocytes

mature bone cells found between lamellae

catagen

maximum growth of hair and hair is easily pulled

Freckles are the result of

melanocyte activity, genetic inheritance, and sun exposure.

Freckles are the result of:

melanocyte activity, genetic inheritance, and sun exposure.

sweat directly on skin and has no ducts

merocrine

if a person were unable to form saliva, what type of gland could be missing or malfunctioning

merocrine gland

During development, tissue called__________differentiates to form the CT of cartilagenous and fibrous joints

mesenchyme

What type of embryonic tissue forms all connective tissue

mesenchyme

Which is the first type of connective tissue to form in the embryo and the source of all other adult connective tissues

mesenchyme

When bone forms by intramembranous ossification, the ossification centers are within

mesenchyme.

All connective tissue is formed from which embryonic germ layer?

mesoderm

The dermis is derived from the germ layer known as

mesoderm

The dermis is derived from the germ layer known as _________.

mesoderm

simple squamous epithelium that forms the serous membranes of body cavities

mesothelium

The general name given to the phenomenon that occurs when a mature epithelium changes to a different form is

metaplasia

changes epithelium to a diff form

metaplasia

The general name given to the phenomenon that occurs when a mature epithelium changes to a different form is

metaplasia.

What part(s) of the body has thick skin?

palms and soles

Microscopic folds that extend from the apical surface of certain epithelia to increase the surface area for absorption and secretion are called

microvilli

what microscopic folds increase the surface area for absorption and secretion

microvilli

Microscopic folds that extend from the apical surface of certain epithelia to increase the surface area for absorption and secretion are called

microvilli.

hydroxyapatites

minerals deposits made of calcium and phosphate

Skin cancer is the _______ type of cancer, and due to sun exposure it occurs most frequently on the __________.

most common, head and neck

Osteosarcoma

most common, malignant tumor of the long bone

Skin cancer is the _______ type of cancer, and due to sun exposure it occurs most frequently on the __________.

most common; head and neck

The type of membrane that prevents desiccation, provides lubrication, and traps bacteria and foreign particles is

mucous

The type of membrane that prevents desiccation, provides lubrication, and traps bacteria and foreign particles is

mucous.

When mucin mixes with water, it becomes

mucus.

stem cell that has red or white blood cell; can only form blood cell (bone marrow)

multipotent

what stem cells are classified as adult

multipotent and uniport

The cells that contract and squeeze sweat glands causing them to discharge their accumulated secretions are called __________ cells.

myoepithelial

Calcium

necessary for transmitting nerve impulses, muscle contraction, secretion by glands and nerve cells, cell division

Areas where adult males tend to accumulate subcutaneous fat include the

neck, abdomen, and buttocks.

Areas where adult males tend to accumulate subcutaneous fat include the:

neck, abdomen, and buttocks.

death to cells due to low blood supply

necrosis

tissue death is

necrosis

When hyperplasia proceeds out of control, a tumor may develop. This condition is termed

neoplasia

tissue growth out of control (cancerous)

neoplasia

When hyperplasia proceeds out of control, a tumor may develop. This condition is termed

neoplasia.

The two types of cells that make up the nervous system

neurons and gilial cells

The two types of cells that make up the nervous system are

neurons and glial cells

A ______, also called a mole, is a harmless, localized overgrowth of melanin-forming cells.

nevus

Bone fracture: incomplete

not fully extend across bone

oblique fracture

occurs at an angle across the bone

Fibrosis

occurs when regeneration is not possible due to severe injury or burns; the body fills in the gap with scar tissue composed primarily of collagen fibers and organ function is not restored.

Synovial fluid is

oily fluid produced by the synovial membrane

The elbow contains _____ articular capsule(s). one two three

one

The elbow contains _____ articular capsule(s). one two three

one

greenstick fracture

one bone is broken, other side is bent

greenstick fracture

one side breaks, the other bends (common in children)

exocrine glands secrete

onto free surface; connected to surface by ducts sweat glands, mammary glands, salivary glands

Nutrient Foramen

opening through which the nutrient artery enters.

Humans are able to grasp objects between the thumb and fingers due to a special joint movement called ____

opposition

Carotene

orange yellow pigment that build up in epidermal cells found in carrots and other orange, deep yellow, vegetables

The hypodermis is rich in adipose, and thus its functions include

organ protection, energy storage, and thermal insulation.

The hypodermis is rich in adipose, and thus its functions include:

organ protection, energy storage, and thermal insulation.

Osteoid is the

organic part of the bone matrix that gives it tensile strength.

Common, wear-and-tear arthritis in which repeated use of a joint gradually wears down the articular cartilage, is known as:

osteoarthritis

Common, wear-and-tear arthritis in which repeated use of a joint gradually wears down the articular cartilage, is known as: gout. osteoarthritis. rheumatoid arthritis. osteopenia. articular porosis

osteoarthritis

Common, wear-and-tear arthritis, in which repeated use of a joint gradually wears down the articular cartilage, is known as

osteoarthritis

Common, wear-and-tear arthritis, in which repeated use of a joint gradually wears down the articular cartilage, is known as -gout. -osteoarthritis. -rheumatoid arthritis. -osteopenia. -articular porosis.

osteoarthritis.

Common, wear-and-tear arthritis, in which repeated use of a joint gradually wears down the articular cartilage, is known as gout. osteoarthritis. rheumatoid arthritis. osteopenia. articular porosis.

osteoarthritis.

As the bone matrix calcifies and the secreting cells become walled in,

osteoblasts become osteocytes.

Bone cells called __________ break down bone by secreting hydrochloric acid and enzymes that dissolve the matrix.

osteoclasts

Mechanical stress of bones, such as that caused by weight lifting, is detected by

osteocytes, which then communicate to osteoblasts to increase synthesis of osteoid.

What unit of bone consists of a central canal (containing blood vessels, nerves, and lymph vessels) surrounded by concentric rings of calcified matrix?

osteon

bone feature: Pweiosteum

outer surface of the bone. Contains 2 layers: Fibrous layer= outer layer and protects the bone and Cellular layer= inner layer and contains bone cells

The epidermal ridges and dermal ________ increase the area of contact between the epidermis and dermis to help connect these layers.

papillae

What are the two layers of the dermis and what tissue type is found in each

papillary- areolar reticular - dense irregular

To speed healing from surgery, incisions should be placed ________ to lines of cleavage.

parallel

what serous membrane lines body cavity

parietal

At the knee, a bone called the_________ is embedded w/in the tendon of the quadriceps femoris muscle

patella

In addition to the joint between the tibia and the femur, the knee contains a joint between the fibula and the femur. patella and the fibula. patella and the femur. patella and the tibia.

patella and the femur.

In addition to the joint between the tibia and the femur, the knee contains a joint between the: fibula and the femur. patella and the fibula. patella and the femur. patella and the tibia.

patella and the femur.

The break of a bone that has been weakened by disease is a ______ fracture; when a broken end of the bone pierces the skin, the fracture is ____.

pathologic, compound.

The break of a bone that has been weakened by disease is a ________fracture; when a broken end of the bone pierces the skin, the fracture is ________.

pathologic; compound

Compound fracture

penetrates the skin

The periosteum is anchored to the bone by collagen fibers called _____ fibers.

perforating

What type of connective tissue forms the covering of bones or cartilages?

perichondrium

Early in the development of skin, ectoderm becomes:

periderm and mesoderm becomes mesenchyme

Early in the development of skin, ectoderm becomes

periderm and mesoderm becomes mesenchyme.

In a gomphosis, a tooth is held in place by fibrous structures known as periodontal membrane

periodontal

In serving their roles as gatekeepers, epithelial tissues demonstrate selective

permeability

Bone fracture: transverse

perpendicular to the long axis of bone ( cut bone across)

The joint formed by the axis and atlas that permits the "no" shaking of the head is a _____ joint.

pivot

The joint formed by the axis and atlas that permits the "no" shaking of the head is a _____ joint. condylar hinge plane pivot saddle

pivot

The joint formed by the axis and atlas that permits the "no" shaking of the head is a _____ joint. condylar hinge plane pivot saddle

pivot

The ________ joint is the simplest synovial joint and also the least mobile synovial joint. pivot plane hinge saddle suture

plane

The ________ joint is the simplest synovial joint and also the least mobile synovial joint. pivot plane hinge saddle suture

plane

Which connective tissue cells produce antibodies?

plasma cells

Intramembranous ossification

process by which bone forms directly from mesenchymal (fibrous connective) tissue

Severe injuries and burns to the skin result in scars that are

produced by fibroblasts and made mainly of collagen.

Severe injuries and burns to the skin result in scars that are:

produced by fibroblasts and made mainly of collagen.

Some bone interiors contain hemopoietic tissue, which functions in

producing blood cells.

Hormone : Calcitonin

promote calcium deposirtion in bone n inhibits osteoclasts activity . realse by thyroid ( PLAYS A ROLE IN MINERALIZATION)

The function of melanin in the skin is to

protect against UV light

The function of melanin in the skin is to

protect against UV light.

The function of melanin in the skin is to:

protect against UV light.

Flat bones

protect underlying soft tissue and may be slightly curved.

Leukocytes

protects against infectious agents

In connective tissue, the extracellular matrix consists of

protein fibers and ground substance

In connective tissue, the extracellular matrix consists of

protein fibers and ground substance.

A large molecule made up of a glycosaminoglycan linked to a protein is known as a

proteoglycan

The tissue in which all cells contact the basement membrane, even though some appear (at first glance) to be stacked on top of others, is called ___________ columnar epithelium

pseudostratified

The main ligament supporting the lateral aspect of the elbow is the radial collateral ligament. lateral cruciate ligament. annular ligament. ulnar collateral ligament. ulnar condylar ligament.

radial collateral ligament.

The main ligament supporting the lateral aspect of the elbow is the: radial collateral ligament. lateral cruciate ligament. annular ligament. ulnar collateral ligament. ulnar condylar ligament.

radial collateral ligament.

spiral fracture

ragged break occurs when excessive twisting forces are applied to a bone

osteoporosis

reduce in bones mass that compromises normal function . bones weaken and are prone to fracture. causes: sex hormones, smoking, exercise, low calcium intake ( no osteoclasts, a lot of osteoblasts)

Replacement of dead and damaged cells with the same types of cells is called

regeneration

replacement of damaged or dead cells (restore organ function)

regeneration

bone feature: Metaphysis

region between the diaphysis and epiphysis. contains the epiphyseal plate and the epiphyseal line

metaphysis

region of a growing bone that contains the epiphyseal plate

Connective tissue proper is divided into two broad categories: loose connective tissue and dense connective tissue. This classification is based upon the

relative proportions of cells, fibers, and ground substance present.

Bone remodleing

renewd itself ( 20% new yearly). balance between mineralization and reaorption( when osteoclasts eat up bones). if imbalance= diseases occur . depend on hormones, mechanicle stress to bone

If a heavy load is at one end of a lever, the distance between the fulcrum and that load is called the: effort arm. resistance arm. lever length.

resistance arm

If a heavy load is at one end of a lever, the distance between the fulcrum and that load is called the effort arm. resistance arm. lever length.

resistance arm.

If a heavy load is at one end of a lever, the distance between the fulcrum and that load is called the:

resistance arm.

Pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium is found lining

respiratory system

telogen

resting phase of hair (hair sheds)

What part of the dermis forms stretch marks

reticular

The deeper sublayer of the dermis is the ________ layer, and it is the _______ of the two.

reticular and deeper

loose connective tissue that contains a meshwork of reticular fibers, fibroblasts, and leukocytes forms the stoma (structural framework) of many lymphatic organs such as spleen, thymus, lymph nodes, and bone marrow

reticular connective tissue

(short, fine) form delicate network, form basement and stroma

reticular fibers

Which type of connective tissue protein fiber forms a meshlike framework that provides structural support within many organs

reticular fibers

The deeper sublayer of the dermis is the ________ layer, and it is the _______ of the two.

reticular, thicker

Bone fracture: linear

runs along the long axis of the bone ( sagittal)

(collagen deficient) caused by vitamin C deficiency

scurvy

Sudoriferous glands and ______ glands are examples of exocrine glands in the skin

sebaceous

what secretion makes oil

sebaceous gland

. lubricates skin and helps defend against bacteria

sebum

Sebaceous glands discharge an oily, waxy secretion called _______.

sebum

Our calf muscles contract to cause plantar flexion, resembling the lever system of a wheelbarrow. Therefore, it is a _______ -class lever. first second third

second

The way that our calf muscles contract to cause plantarflexion resembles the lever system of a wheelbarrow; it is a _______ class lever. first second third

second

The primary role of epithelial tissue in the stomach is

secretion of substances for chemical digestion.

Diaphysis

shaft of a long bone

The part of the hair that extends beyond the skin surface is called the

shaft.

The part of the hair that extends beyond the skin surface is called the:

shaft.

The bones of the wrist are classified as _____ bones.

short

The acromioclavicular joint is part of the: sternum. shoulder. elbow. neck. cranium.

shoulder

The acromioclavicular joint is part of the sternum. shoulder. elbow. neck. cranium.

shoulder.

The acromioclavicular joint is part of the:

shoulder.

The walls of kidney tubules are formed by _____________ epithelium, which functions in resorbing materials filtered from blood plasma such as nutrients, ions, and water.

simple cuboidal

which functions in resorbing materials filtered from blood plasma such as nutrients, ions, and water.

simple cuboidal

A _____________ epithelium consists of a single layer of flattened cells attached directly to a basement membrane.

simple squamous

The lining of the air sacs in the lungs (alveoli) is comprised of what epithelium

simple squamous

Mitosis occurs in what two layers of the epidermis

stratum basal and spinosum

Sweat and sebaceous glands develop from the

stratum basale of epidermis

Sweat and sebaceous glands develop from the

stratum basale of the epidermis.

Sweat and sebaceous glands develop from the:

stratum basale of the epidermis.

Which strata is not found in thin skin

stratum lucidum

The coracoclavicular ligament is a _____ ligament that connects the clavicle to part of the _____.

strong, scapula

The coracoclavicular ligament is a ______ ligament that connects the clavicle to part of the _______. strong, scapula strong, sternum weak, scapula weak, sternum

strong, scapula

The coracoclavicular ligament is a ______ ligament that connects the clavicle to part of the _______. strong; scapula strong; sternum weak; scapula weak; sternum

strong; scapula

Osteon

structural cylinder shaped unit of compact bone

Rotation of the forearm so as to direct the palm anteriorly (as in anatomic position) is called

supination

Rotation of the forearm so as to direct the palm anteriorly (as in anatomic position) is called: abduction. pronation. eversion. supination. protraction.

supination

If you were to reach out your hand to receive a set of keys from someone, what movements of your forearm and hand would be involved?

supination and extension

Rotation of the forearm so as to direct the palm anteriorly (as in anatomic position) is called abduction. pronation. eversion. supination. protraction.

supination.

Rotation of the forearm so as to direct the palm anteriorly (as in anatomic position) is called:

supination.

The immobile joint between the bones of the skull is called a _____.

suture

Decrease in nervous system protection

sutures replaces by plane joints

Apocrine

sweat glands become active beginning around puberty.

Sweat gland secretion occurs in response to stimulation by the _______ division of the nervous system.

sympethetic

Decreased spinal mobility

symphyses replaced by synostoses

fibrocartilage of a ____ resists compression and acts as a shock absorber

symphysis

In terms of mobility, synchondroses are classified as

synarthroses

Functionally, a gomphosis is categorized as a cartilagenous joint. diarthrosis. synarthrosis. synovial joint.

synarthrosis.

Mucous connective tissue is found only in

the umbilical cord

Functionally, a gomphosis is categorized as a: cartilagenous joint. diarthrosis. synarthrosis. synovial joint

synarthrosis.

An articulation in which bones are joined by hyaline cartilage is called

synchondrosis

In a young person, the joint between the sphenoid bone and the occipital bone is a suture. synchondrosis. syndesmosis. symphysis. gomphosis.

synchondrosis.

In a young person, the joint between the sphenoid bone and the occipital bone is a: suture. synchondrosis. syndesmosis. symphysis. gomphosis

synchondrosis.

Which of the following are joints in which articulating bones are joined by long strands of dense regular connective tissue?

syndesmoses

Which of the following fibrous joints allows for slight movement, and the articulating bones are joined by long strands of dense regular connective tissue?

syndesmoses

inability to pronate or supinate

syndesmoses replaced by synostoses

The interosseous membrane between the radius and the ulna is an example of a:

syndesmosis

The interosseous membrane between the radius and the ulna is an example of a synchondrosis. suture. synostosis. synarthrosis. syndesmosis.

syndesmosis.

The interosseous membrane between the radius and the ulna is an example of a: synchondrosis. suture. synostosis. synarthrosis. syndesmosis.

syndesmosis.

Unfused os coxa resulting in separated ilia, pubis, and ischia in adulthood

synostoses replaced by synchondroses

In an older adult, the tissue in a suture may become completely ossified, fusing the skull bones together. This type of suture is called a

synostosis

*The type of membrane that lines many of the body's joints is a _________ membrane.

synovial

. The type of membrane that lines many of the body's joints is a _________ membrane

synovial

The lining of an articular capsule is called the________ membrane

synovial

what nourishes the chondrocytes of the articular cartilage in a synovial joint?

synovial fluid

An articular capsule is present in fibrous joints. fibrous joints and cartilaginous joints. synovial joints. fibrous joints and synovial joints. all joints.

synovial joints.

An articular capsule is present in:

synovial joints.

An articular capsule is present in: fibrous joints. fibrous joints and cartilaginous joints. synovial joints. fibrous joints and synovial joints. all joints.

synovial joints.

A joint capsule has an inner layer called the _____

synovial membrane

Increase in respiratory difficulty

synovial rib attachments replaced by syndesmoses

what are the 4 body membranes

synovial, cutaneous, serous, mucous

The deltoid ligament, lateral ligament, and tibiofibular ligaments belong to the ________ joint. tarsometatarsal talocrural humeroradial knee fibulometatarsal

talocrural

The deltoid ligament, lateral ligament, and tibiofibular ligaments belong to the ________ joint. tarsometatarsal talocrural humeroradial knee fibulometatarsal

talocrural

composed of dense regular connective tissue and connect muscles to bones

tendons

Which type of hair forms the beard on the faces of males?

terminal

Mucous connective tissue is found only in

the umbilical cord.

vomer

the bone that forms the lower part of the nasal septum and is shaped like a plow is ?

Clavicle

the bones located between the sternum and scapula-(also called the collar bone)

Vertebrae

the bones that enclose and protect the spinal cord are called?

Cranial bones

the bones that enclose the brain, Houses the ears and forms part of the eye socket are the ?

Ribs

the bones that enclose the organs of the thorax are?

In a first class lever:

the fulcrum is in the middle, between the effort and the resistance.

In a first class lever: the fulcrum is in the middle, between the effort and the resistance. the resistance is between the fulcrum and the effort. the effort is between the resistance and the fulcrum. there is no effort arm.

the fulcrum is in the middle, between the effort and the resistance.

In a first-class lever the fulcrum is in the middle, between the effort and the resistance. the resistance is between the fulcrum and the effort. the effort is between the resistance and the fulcrum. there is no effort arm.

the fulcrum is in the middle, between the effort and the resistance.

While most of the cells in a hair are dead, the living epithelial cells are found in:

the hair bulb

While most of the cells in a hair are dead, the living epithelial cells are found in

the hair bulb.

Medullary Cavity

the hallow center of the bony diaphysis

Diaphysis

the middle shaft area of long bones.

Radius

the name of the Lateral bone of the forearm?

Fibula

the non-weight bearing Lateral bone of the leg

Lines of cleavage are a result of

the orientation of collagen fibers in the dermis.

Lines of cleavage are a result of:

the orientation of collagen fibers in the dermis.

What part of the body is not covered by hair

thick skin

skin that contains five epidermal strata and lacks sebaceous glands.

thick skin

Stress fracture

thin break caused by repetitive loads (running)

Compared to a young adult, an older individual has ________ skin.

thinner

When considering joints in the human body, the most common lever type is the first-class lever. second-class lever. third-class lever.

third-class lever.

When considering joints in the human body, the most common lever type is the: first-class lever. second-class lever. third-class lever.

third-class lever.

The patellar ligament attaches the patella to the: femur. quadriceps muscle. fibula. tibia. hamstring muscles.

tibia

The patellar ligament attaches the patella to the femur. quadriceps muscle. fibula. tibia. hamstring muscles.

tibia.

The patellar ligament attaches the patella to the:

tibia.

Groups of similar cells and extracellular products that carry out a common function are called

tissues.

(most potent) stem cell Accessory structure of embryo (placenta and amniotic sac) formed from zygote, stem cells with the ability to differentiate into any cell type within an organism

totipotent

what stem cells are classified as embryonic

totipotent and pluripotent

Tactile (Merkel) cells are sensitive to:

touch

Tactile (Merkel) cells are sensitive to

touch.

The type of epithelium that lines the urinary bladder and may include some binucleated cells is called ____________ epithelium.

transitional

Axons

transmit signals AWAYfrom the cell body.

Dendrites

transmit signals TOWARD the cell body.

Dendrites

transmit signals toward the cell body.

erythrocytes

transports respiratory gases

All muscle tissue develops from mesoderm t/f)

true

Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) are polysaccharides (t/f)

true

Many connective tissues play a role in immune protection (t/f)

true

Nails, hair, and sweat and sebaceous glands are all derived from the epidermis

true

7 pairs

true ribs rib's are attached to the sternum individually, how many does each person have?

*Number 2 indicates a compound _____ gland.

tubular

The joint movement called eversion involves

turning the sole of the foot laterally

The joint movement called eversion involves lateral rotation of the coxal joint. medial rotation of the coxal joint. turning the sole of the foot laterally. turning the palm of the hand laterally. turning the palm of the hand or sole of the foot laterally.

turning the sole of the foot laterally.

The joint movement called eversion involves:

turning the sole of the foot laterally.

The joint movement called eversion involves: lateral rotation of the coxal joint. medial rotation of the coxal joint. turning the sole of the foot laterally. turning the palm of the hand laterally. turning the palm of the hand or sole of the foot laterally.

turning the sole of the foot laterally.

Based on its range of motion, the elbow is classified as a(n) __________ joint.

uniaxial

Based on its range of motion, the elbow is classified as a(n) __________ joint. multiaxial gliding uniaxial biaxial ellipsoid

uniaxial

Based on its range of motion, the elbow is classified as a(n) __________ joint. multiaxial gliding uniaxial biaxial ellipsoid

uniaxial

Based on its range of motion, the elbow is classified as a(n)_______ joint.

uniaxial

Where can we find transitional epithelium

urinary tract

Which of the following is lined by nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelium

vagina, esophagus, pharynx, oral cavity

Granulation tissue is

vascular connective tissue.

Granulation tissue is:

vascular connective tissue.

Why might someone pale when they are exposed to a cold temperature?

vasoconstriction

When the body is too warm, dermal blood vessels will undergo _______ in order to increase heat loss.

vasodilation

Fine hair called _________, which is unpigmented or lightly pigmented, is the primary human hair and is found on the upper and lower limbs.

vellus

fine hair (upper & lower limbs)

vellus

*The heart is confined within a double-walled serous membrane sac. The part of the membrane that is in contact with the heart is the _____ layer.

visceral

what serous membrane lines organs

visceral

Within the body, carotene is converted to

vitamin A, which is important for visual function.

Within the body, carotene is converted to:

vitamin A, which is important for visual function.

Production of this vitamin requires skin exposure to the sun. This vitamin is crucial for regulation of calcium and phosphate.

vitamin D

what is secreted by glands

waste products, mucin, hormones, enzymes

The glenohumeral ligaments are: strong and distinct. weak and indistinct

weak and indistinct

The glenohumeral ligament are:

weak and indistinct.

The glenohumeral ligaments are strong and distinct. weak and indistinct.

weak and indistinct.

mechanical stress

weight beang movement n excersie. bone strenth increase. osteocytes detects stress, osteoblasts increase bone synthsis. EX gymnastic ppl, space ppl

Caused by bacterial infection of tissues with lost blood supply Ruptured dying cells release fluid, allows bacteria to flourish

wet gangrene

ossicles

what bones transmit sound waves in the inner ear

spongy bone

what type of bone is found in the center of some bones?

long bones

what type of bones are fingers and toes?

red bone marrow

what type of tissue is found at the ends of long bones and in the center of other bones?

growth

what word best describes the function of epiphyseal plates?

Hemoglobin (Blood supply)

when bound to oxygen, is bright red which-is noticed in light-skinned individuals

women

which sex tends to lose more bone mass with aging?

which fat stores energy, acts as insulator, cushions

white

two kinds of fats found in the body?

white and brown fats

pallor

white, decreased blood flow

The sternoclavicular joint is a saddle joint with a ______ range of movement.

wide

The sternoclavicular joint is a saddle joint with a _______ range of movement. wide narrow

wide

The sternoclavicular joint is a saddle joint with a _______ range of movement. wide narrow

wide

carotene

yellow (vitamin a)

Severe anemia may trigger an adaptive conversion of

yellow marrow to red marrow.

juandis

yellow skin color


Set pelajaran terkait

European History 1500-1789: Midterm IDs [Dates]

View Set

Mr. Griffin Pre-Simulation vSim Quiz

View Set

Chapter 9 Key Issue 3 "Where is Agriculture Distributed?"

View Set

Nursing in Today's World Ch. 7 (Stegan & Sowerby 11th ed.)

View Set

Drugs and Human Behavior Final EC

View Set

Hinkle Chapter 13: Fluid and Electrolytes: Balance and Disturbance

View Set

CMS1 Assignment 6: Training and Talent Development

View Set

Instrument Written Missed Questions

View Set