A&P Chapter 5, 6, 7, 9
The connection between a tooth and a jaw bone is an example of a joint A. True B. False
A. True
The deltoid ligament is also known as medial ligament A. True B. False
A. True
The elbow is considered to be a stable joint A. True B. False
A. True
The epiphyseal plates in long bones are examples of synchondroses A. True B. False
A. True
The hip allows for flexion, extension, abduction, adduction rotation and circumduction A. True B. False
A. True
The stermoclavicular joint contains an articular disc A. True B. False
A. True
The talocrural joint is a modified hinge joint that permits dorsiflexion and plantar flexion A. True B. False
A. True
The temporomandibular joint is the on;y mobile joint between skull bones A. True B. False
A. True
A tendon sheath is a fat pad that fills the spaces that form when bone moves A. True B. False
B. False
At the ankle the lateral ligament is stronger than the medial ligament A. True B. False
B. False
Which ligament is not associated with the glenohumeral joint?
Humeral collateral ligament
grip
Nails protect the distal tips of digits from damage or distortion, as well as helping us to ---- objects.
axial
Name the division of the skeletal system that included the head, thorax, vertebral column, ribs and sternum.
appendicular
Name the division of the skeletal system that includes the shoulders, hips and extremities.
periosteum
Name the membrane covering the outer bone and the inner layer contains osteoblasts
cervical /lumbar
Name the two secondary or conves curves of the spine
Suppose you cut your finger only slightly in what is known as a "paper cut." You observe that the cut hurts but it doesn't bleed. How would you interpret your observation?
Nerve endings occur in epithelium but blood vessels do not.
subcutaneous
The ---- layer pads and protects the body, is an energy reservoir, and provides thermal insulation.
eponychium
The ----, or cuticle, is located at the proximal margin of the nail
subcutaneous
The ----- layer is deep to the integument and is not considered part of the integument itself.
mesoderm
The -----is the origin of the dermis
root and shaft
The ---and --- consist of dead epithelial cells that originate from the hair bulb.
dermis
The ---contains numerous sensory receptors, which detect heat, cold, touch, pressure, and vibration.
Metatarsals
The 5 Bones of the instep
Hyoid bone
The U shaped bone under the lower jaw is called ?
Transverse
The fracture goes straight across the bone
Hyperplasia is an increase in the number of cells in a tissue.
True
Many connective tissues play a role in immune protection.
True
Mature cartilage is avascular.
True
axis?
What is the name of the 2nd cervical vertebrae that serves as a pivot as the head is turned from side to side?
ligaments
What is the name of the bands of dense regular connective tissue that connect on bone to another.?
osteoclasts
What is the name of the bone cells responsible for resorption?
occipital
What is the name of the bone that forms the back of the skull?
kyphosis
What is the name of the exaggeration of the thoracic curve commonly called hunchback?
compact
What is the name of the hard, dense bone?
epiphysis
What is the name of the irregular ends of long bones?
anterior fontanel
What is the name of the large soft spot of an infants skull at the junction of the 2 parietal and frontal bone?
epiphyseal plates
What is the name of the secondary bone forming centers that appear at about the time birth?
osteon
What is the name of the subunit of compact bone that consist of bone tissue around a central channel?
endosteum
What is the name of the thin membrane that lines the bone cavity?
mandible
What is the only movable joint in the skull?
Diaphysis
What is the shaft of the long bone called?
scoliosis
What is the term for a lateral curvature of the vertebral column?
lordosis
What is the term for an excessive lumbar curve of the spine called?
growth
What is the word that best describes the function of the epiphyseal plates?
sacrum
What section of the spinal column forms part of the bony pelvis?
intervertebral discs
What structure in the spine condenses as the body ages and causes changes in height?
red blood cells
What type of cells does the red bone marrow produce?i
ball and socket
What type of joint produces the greatest range of motion?
fat
What type of tissue is yellow bone marrow?
pathological fracture
break of a bone that has been weakened by disease
compound fracture
broken end of a bone, pierces the skin
which fat is found in newborns, generates heat, lost as we age
brown
Fluid-filled sacs that cushion synovial joints are called
bursae
Fluid-filled sacs that cushion synovial joints are called: fat pads. articular discs. bursae. menisci. diarthroses
bursae
Fluid-filled sacs that cushion synovial joints are called fat pads. articular discs. bursae. menisci. diarthroses.
bursae.
Fluid-filled sacs that cushion synovial joints are called:
bursae.
Which choice places the steps of intramembranous ossification in correct chronological order? a: Formation of lamellar bone b: Osteoid undergoes calcification c: Ossification centers form d: Formation of woven bone and its periosteum
c - b - d - a
Place in correct order the following steps in the process of appositional growth of cartilage. a: New matrix is produced and secreted. b: Chondrocytes differentiate, each in its own lacuna. c: Stem cells undergo mitosis. d: Committed cells differentiate into chondroblasts.
c. - d. - a. - b.
Bone is considered an important storage reservoir for:
calcium, phosphate, and lipids
Bone is considered an important storage reservoir for
calcium, phosphate, and lipids.
In compact bone, _______ connect adjacent lacunae, thereby providing pathways for nutrients and other materials to pass between osteocytes
canaliculi
In compact bone, ___________ connect adjacent lacunae, thereby providing pathways for nutrients and other materials to pass between osteocytes.
canaliculi
Chondrosarcoma
cancerous tissue affects axial skeleton: pelvis, vertebra, shoulder, proximal femur
*If you were examining a microscope slide containing a type of muscle tissue and observed a branching network of striated cells, each with one or two central nuclei, you could conclude that you were looking at _____ muscle.
cardiac
What type of muscle contains intercalated discs
cardiac
branching network of striated cells, each with one or two central nuclei, you could conclude that you were looking at _____ muscle.
cardiac
The pubic symphysis is classified as a cartilaginous joint and an amphiarthrosis. fibrous joint and a synarthrosis. synovial joint and a diarthrosis. cartilaginous joint and a synarthrosis. fibrous joint and an amphiarthrosis.
cartilaginous joint and an amphiarthrosis.
The pubic symphysis is classified as a:
cartilaginous joint and an amphiarthrosis.
The pubic symphysis is classified as a: cartilaginous joint and an amphiarthrosis. fibrous joint and a synarthrosis. synovial joint and a diarthrosis. cartilaginous joint and a synarthrosis. fibrous joint and an amphiarthrosis.
cartilaginous joint and an amphiarthrosis.
Medullary Cavity
cavity within the shaft of the long bones filled with bone marrow
Nucleus of neuron found in
cell body
The nucleus of a neuron is found in its
cell body.
What are the formed elements of blood
cells, erythrocytes, leukocytes cellular fragments (platelets)
All connective tissues have three features in common. They are
cells, protein fibers, and ground substance
All connective tissues have three features in common. They are
cells, protein fibers, and ground substance.
what helps clot blood
cellular fragments (platelets)
haversion central canal
central canal; contains blood vessels and nerves that supply the bone
medullary cavity
central, hollowed-out area in the shaft of a long bone filled with marrow
lubricates the ear canal and traps debris before it reaches the eardrum.
cerumen
________ glands are modified sweat glands located only in the external ear canal.
ceruminous
One of the weakest parts of the shoulder is the part that lacks tendons of the rotator cuff. This weak area is the ______ aspect of the shoulder. inferior superior anterior posterior
inferior
One of the weakest parts of the shoulder, is the part that lacks tendons of the rotator cuff. This weak area is the ______ aspect of the shoulder. inferior superior anterior posterior
inferior
Osteomyelitis
inflammation of bone and bone marrow fro m infection by bacteria
Calcitonin _________ osteoclast activity, which will _________ blood calcium levels.
inhibits; decrease
bone feauture: endosteum
inner membrane lining that covers internal surfaces of bone
The epithelial tissue root sheath is the _________ layer of the concentric layers making up the hair follicle wall; it derives from the ________.
inner, epidermis
The epithelial tissue root sheath is the _________ layer of the concentric layers making up the hair follicle wall; it derives from the ________.
inner; epidermis
Follows obstruction of blood supply to intestines If untreated, leads to death
intestinal gangrene
Spoon nails
iron deficiency or hypothyroidism
hemoglobin
is a bright red protein in red blood cells, which gives the blood vessels of the dermis a reddish tint.
Carotene
is a yellow-orange pigment that accumulates inside keratinocytes of the stratum corneum and subcutaneous fat.
eleidin
is an intermediate product in keratin maturation
Compact bone
is composed of tubular units called osteons.
Melanin
is found in a variety of colors, including black, brown, tan, and yellow-brown.
keratinization
is the process by which keratinocytes fill up with keratin, causing the cell's nucleus and organelles to disintegrate, resulting in the death of the cell.
If you gently rub your thumb and forefinger together, each finger is contacting
keratinized stratified squamous epithelium.
Calcidiol circulates in the blood and is converted to calcitriol in the
kidney.
bone feauture: Epiphysis
knobby region found at the base of each long tube; composed of spongy bone
lack ducts and secrete their products into the bloodstream or into interstitial fluid
lack ducts and secrete their products into the bloodstream or into interstitial fluid
Endocrine glands
lack ducts and secrete their products into the bloodstream or into interstitial fluid.
_______ is a fine, unpigmented, downy hair that first appears on the fetus in the last trimester of development.
lanugo
The white crescent at the proximal end of the nail plate is called
lanule
The movement that occurs when the trunk of the body moves in a coronal plane laterally away from the body is: adduction. hyperextension. eversion lateral flexion. gliding.
lateral flexion
The movement that occurs when the trunk of the body moves in a coronal plane laterally away from the body is adduction. hyperextension. eversion lateral flexion. gliding.
lateral flexion.
The movement that occurs when the trunk of the body moves in a coronal plane laterally away from the body is:
lateral flextion.
stem cell formed from embryoblast; can form into any cell within the body except for placenta
pluripotent
Epithelial tissues have an attached (basal) border and a free (apical) border. This arrangement is known as
polarity
Epithelial tissues have an attached (basal) border and a free (apical) border. This arrangement is known as
polarity.
Spongy bone
porous bone tissue that contains red bone marrow inside flat bones and ends of long bone
Pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium is found lining
portions of the respiratory system.
What type of epithelium would be most suited for high levels of diffusion and filtration
simple squamous
Which type of epithelial tissue would be the least protective
simple squamous
*The type of muscle that has elongated, multinucleated cells and is under voluntary control is __________ muscle.
skeletal
The type of muscle that has elongated, multinucleated cells and is under voluntary control is __________ muscle
skeletal
what are the three types of muscle tissues
skeletal, cardiac, smooth
Contact dermatitis
skin rash caused by allergic reaction
Axial Skeleton
skull, spine, sternum, and ribs
Amphiarthrosis
slightly movable joint
sesamoid bone
small bones embedded within tendons and adjacent to joints proect tendon and improve mechanics ex. patella
canaliculli
small canals connecting osteocytes to Harversion canal. facilitates exchange of nutrients and waste
Lacunae
small cavities in bone that contain osteocytes
The type of muscle that is found in blood vessel walls is __________ muscle.
smooth
The type of tissue that helps mechanically mix materials within the digestive system organs is ________ muscle
smooth
The type of muscle that is found in blood vessel walls is
smooth muscle
inversion
soles turn inward
eversion
soles turn outward
lacunae
spaces that house each osteocyte
The stratum _________ derives its name from the spiny appearance of the "bridges" that connect neighboring cells
spinosum
Immune cells of the epidermis tend to be found in the stratum:
spinosum.
The type of bone tissue that is replaced more frequently is ________ bone; the part of the femur that is replaced more frequently is the __________.
spongy; distal epiphysis
concave nails is associated with
spoon nails
*Synovial membranes are composed of areolar connective tissue covered with _________ epithelial cells.
squamous
Synovial membranes are composed of areolar connective tissue covered with _________ epithelial cells
squamous
An example of a flat bone would be the:
sternum (breast bone)
An example of a flat bone would be the
sternum (breast bone).
sex hormones
stimulate osteoblasts, promote epiphyseal plate growth n closure
Parathyroid hormone and calcitriol
stimulate osteoclasts to resorb bone and release calcium into the blood.
calcitrol
stimulates absorption of calcium in the small intestine.
Phalanges
the 14 Bones of the toes
Phalanges
the 14 bones of the fingers?
Metacarpals
the 5 Bones of the palm of the hand?
Tarsal bones
the 7 Ankle bones
Which of the following is not secreted by glands?
DNA
Transpiration is another name for sweating.
False
5
How many sacral vertebrae does a child have?
1
How many sacral vertebrae does an adult have?
12
How many thoracic vertebrae are there?
26
How many vertebrae are there?
Functions of the skeleton system
* SUPPORT- provide framework for body * PROTECTION- protect organs fron injury * MOVEMENT- fuction as levers and are attachment sites for muscle, soft tissue and some organs. * HEMOPOIESIS- blood cell production accur in red bone marrow * STORAGE OF MINERAL AND ENERGY RESERVES- stores and release calcium and phosphate. also in lipids
Keratinocytes are
*ALL OF THE CHOICES ARE CORRECT
What type of stimulus is detected by the sensory receptors of the skin?
*ALL OF THE CHOICES ARE CORRECT
Which is a change in bone architecture or mass related to aging?
*ALL OF THE CHOICES ARE CORRECT
A fibrous joint contains a joint capsule A. True B. False
B. False
more curved sacrum and longer
How does the male pelvis differ from the female pelvis?
Which is characteristic of cartilage connective tissue?
*ALL OF THE CHOICES ARE CORRECT
Dermal papillae
-- --- are projections of the dermis that interdigitate with epidermal ridges.
First-degree 3 to 5
-- --burns involve only the epidermis; healing time is about -- to --- days, and typically there is no scarring
Arrector pili
--- --- are thin ribbons of muscle that elevate the hair when stimulated
Friction ridges
--- --- are unique ridges formed by the large folds and valleys of the dermis and epidermis; they form fingerprints, palm prints, and toe prints
Ultraviolet light
--- --- diminishes the flexibility and thickness of the dermis, causing wrinkling and sagging of the skin
Beau's lines
--- --- run horizontally across the nail and indicate a temporary interference with nail growth caused by injury to the nail, severe illness, or chronic malnutrition
UVA and UVB
--- and ---rays reach the earth's surface and can affect individuals' skin color. UVA and UVB rays can cause tanning, burning, skin cancer, and can inhibit the immune system.
papules
--- are fluid-filled,
Melanocytes
--- are scattered among the keratinocytes of the stratum basale.
Tactile cells
--- are sensitive to touch and release chemicals that stimulate sensory nerve endings
Freckles
--- are yellowish or brown spots of increased melanocyte activity.
Sweat glands
--- glands consist of a coiled, tubular secretory portion located in the reticular layer of the dermis called the sweat gland duct.
Cavernous
--- hemangiomas involve larger dermal blood vessels and may last a lifetime
Sun Protection Factor (SPF)
--- is an experimentally determined number that means the amount of light that induces redness in sunscreen-protected skin, divided by the amount of light that induces redness in unprotected skin.
Melanocytes
--- produce and store the pigment melanin in response to ultraviolet light.
Vertical
--- ridging of the nails is common and usually does not indicate serious medical problems
Lanugo
---, which is downy hair on the fetus
Second-degree burns, 2-4
---- --- burns involve the epidermis and part of the dermis, and blisters are present; healing time is about -- to --- weeks, and slight scarring may occur
Keratinocytes
---- are named for the protein keratin, which strengthens the epidermis.
terminal
---- hair, which is longer and coarser than vellus hair
vellus
---- hair, which is the primary human hair
Botox
---- is derived from the toxin produced by the bacterium Clostridium botulinum and temporarily blocks nerve impulses to the facial expression muscles, thereby decreasing or eliminating the wrinkles they produce.
Merocrine
---- sweat glands discharge secretions directly onto the surface of the skin through a sweat pore.
Apocrine
---- sweat glands release their secretion into hair follicles in the axillae, around the nipples, in the pubic region, and in the anal region.
Collagen
----- fibers in the dermis decrease in number and organization, and elastic fibers lose elasticity when aging.
Burns
----are caused by heat, radiation, harmful chemicals, sunlight, or electrical shock.
pustules
----contain pus, a mixture of white blood cells, dead skin cells, and bacteria.
Third
----degree burns involve the epidermis, dermis, and subcutaneous layer; hospitalization is normally necessary, and patients must be aggressively treated for dehydration, are typically given antibiotics, and may need a skin graft
Psoriasis
----is a chronic autoimmune skin disease in which a T-lymphocyte mistakenly attacks the keratinocytes, causing rapid overgrowth and overproduction of new skin cells. The rapid overgrowth and overproduction of new skin cells develops into patches of typically whitish, scaly skin (called plaques) that form on the epidermal surface
Capillary
---hemangiomas are red to purple in tone, are usually present at birth, and disappear into adulthood
Sweat
---is the secretion produced by a sweat gland and consists of about 99% water and 1% other chemicals, including electrolytes (sodium and chloride), metabolites (lactic acid), and waste products (urea and ammonia).
Merocrine
---sweat glands are the most abundant sweat glands and aid in thermoregulation.
2 divisions of the skeleton
1. Axial skeleton- skull, rib cage, vertebrae 2. Appendicular skeleton- everything else, arms, legs,
Steps of Fracture Repair
1. Fracture hematoma forms, 2. Fibrocartilage callus forms, 3. Hard callus forms, 4. Bone remodeled to final shape
4 types of skeletal bones
1. Long Bones 2. short bones 3. flat bones 4. irregular bones
Hemopoiesis: Bone Marrow 1. Bone marrow 2.Red Bone marrow 3.Yellow Bone Marrow
1. connective tissue 2. forms blood cells. location differ in children vs adults. in children they're all over while in adults, in pelvis, skull, ribcage 3. fatty substance. Found in medullary cavity of long bones. Red converted to yellow. yellow can become red when you age
bone repair steps
1. hematoma formation 2. callus formation 3. callus ossification spongy bone 4. bone remodeling
Stages of Wound Healing of the Skin
1.Cut blood vessels bleed into the wound, bringing clotting proteins, leukocytes, and antibodies. 2.A blood clot forms, patching the edges of the wound together and acting as a barrier; leukocytes clean the wound. 3.Blood vessels regenerate and grow in the wound, and a vascular connective tissue called granulation tissue forms deep in the wound; macrophages remove the clotted blood, and fibroblasts produce new collagen fibers in the region. 4.Epithelial cells at the edge of the wound divide and migrate over the wound; the connective tissue is replaced by fibrosis
The growth rate for a scalp hair is about _______ per day for 1.5 to 7 years, and then the hair becomes dormant.
1/3 mm
The growth rate for a scalp hair is about _______ per day for 2 to 5 years, and then the hair becomes dormant.
1/3 mm
Fingernails and toenails start to form in the ______ week of development.
10th
Appendicular Skeleton
126 bones Shoulder girdle Upper extremities Pelvic girdle Lower extremities
When during human development does the process of ossification begin?
12th-13th week of embryonic development
Diagram 76-83 Which number indicates the reticular layer of the dermis?
2
Diagram 91-99 This figure shows the anatomy of compact bone. Which number indicates an osteon?
2
These figures show the coxal joint. Which number indicates the pubofemoral ligament? 1 2 3 4 5
2
This figure illustrates epiphyseal plate morphology. Which is the zone of proliferating cartilage?
2
This figure shows a sagittal section of the knee joint. Which number indicates the menisci? 1 2 3 5 6
2
This figure shows the temporomandibular joint. Which number indicates the articular capsule? 1 2 3 4 The articular capsule is not shown in this figure
2
Which number indicates the hair root?
2
Which number indicates the reticular layer of the dermis?
2
Scapula
2-Posterior bone that anchors muscles that move the arm?
This figure shows the knee joint. Which number indicates the tibial collateral ligament? 1 2 3 5 6
3
This figure shows the temporomandibular joint. Which number indicates the stylomandibular ligament? 1 2 3 4 The stylomandibular ligament is not shown in this figure
3
Which number indicates the arrector pili muscle?
3
Which number indicates the lunula?
3
Lanugo, vellus hair, terminal hair
3 types of hair
During bone repair, how long does the stage of the bony callus last?
3-4 months
This figure illustrates epiphyseal plate morphology. In which zone are minerals deposited in the matrix?
4
This figure illustrates the microscopic anatomy of spongy bone. Which is a mature bone cell?
4
This figure shows a sagittal section of the knee joint. Which number indicates the patellar ligament? 3 4 5 6 7
4
Which number indicates a dermal papilla?
4
Which number indicates the arrector pili muscle?
4
This figure illustrates epiphyseal plate morphology. Which zones are considered to be bone tissue?
5
This figure shows a sagittal section of the knee joint. Which number indicates the prepatellar bursa? 1 2 3 5 6
5
This figure shows the anatomy of compact bone. Which number is referring to a perforating (or Volkmann's) canal?
5
Which number indicates the eponychium?
5
Which number indicates the hair papilla?
5
In the human body, joints start to form by the _________ week of embryonic development. 4th 8th 6th 10th 12th
6th
cyst
A --- is a large, fluid-filled nodule that can become severely inflamed and painful and can lead to scarring of the skin.
whitehead
A --- is a sebaceous gland plugged with sebum; it is called a --- if closed
comedo blackhead
A --- is a sebaceous gland plugged with sebum; it is called a --- if open
hemangioma
A ---- is an anomaly that results in skin discoloration due to blood vessels that proliferate to form a benign tumor
Open
A broken bone protrudes through the skin or an external wound leads to a broken bone.
Fossa
A depression on a bone surface
Crest
A distinct border or ridge
Erythemia
A general redness to the skin
Foramen
A hole that allows a vessel or nerve to pass through or between bones
dermis
A layer of tissue underneath the epidermis of the skin which contains blood vessels, lymphatic vessels, nerves, sensory receptors, and oil and sweat glands.
ethmoid
A light fragile bone located between the eyes that forms the nasal cavity roof is the?
Melanin
A natural pigment that protects the cells in the skin and in deeper layers from the hazardous effects of UV radiation by absorbing sunlight.
malignant
A nevus can, on rare occasions, become ---- from UV light exposure.
mole
A nevus, or --, is a harmless localized overgrowth of melanin-forming cells.
melanin
A pigment that gives the skin, hair and eyes color and helps protect the body from harmful UV radiation that causes skin cancer.
head
A round knob like end of a bone separated from the bone by a neck is called what?
Spine
A sharp projection from the surface of a bone
meatus
A short channel or passageway
Closed
A simple bone fracture with no open wound
Epicondyle
A small projection above a condyle is called what?
nodule
A--- is similar to a pustule but extends deeper into the skin layers, usually rupturing the hair follicle wall.
Which ligament is responsible for holding the head of the radius in place? A. Anular ligament B. Ulnar collateral ligament C. Radial collateral ligament D. Transverse humeral ligament E. Deltoid ligament
A. Anular ligament
Which are not considered to be features of a synovial joint? A. Muscles B. Nerves C. Blood vessels D. Articular cartilage E. Synovial fluid
A. Muscles
Which is not a function of synovial fluid? A. Nourishes osteocytes B. Lubricates articulating surfaces C. Removes wastes D. Serves as shock absorber E. Distributes stress forces across articular surfaces
A. Nourishes osteocytes
What is the function of cartilage located in the epiphyseal plates? A. Site of bone elongation and growth B. Provides passageway for blood vessels C. Forms articular surface D. Supports soft tissues E. Provides flexibility for bending
A. Site of bone elongation and growth
Adduction is an example of angular motion A. True B. False
A. True
Lateral rotation is also known as external rotation A. True B. False
A. True
Moderate exercise improves the health of joints by increasing the flow of synovial fluid in and out of the articular cartilage. A. True B. False
A. True
One of the functions of synovial fluid is to act as a shock absorber that distributes forces evenly across a joint surface. A. True B. False
A. True
Sutures permit skull growth during childhood A. True B. False
A. True
The ankle joint is the only joint that makes the movements dorsiflexion and plantar flexion A. True B. False
A. True
When compared to the shoulder, the hip joint has A. a deeper bony socket and stronger supporting ligaments. B. a deeper bony socket but weaker supporting ligaments. C. a shallower bony socket and weaker supporting ligaments. D. a shallower bony socket but stronger supporting ligaments.
A. a deeper bony socket and stronger supporting ligaments.
The process of bone repair includes these steps: a. fracture hematoma forms b. bone is remodeled c. fibrocartilaginous callus forms d. bony callus forms A. acdb B. abdc C. cdba D. dabc E. bacd
A. acdb
A movement that increases or decreases the angle between two bones is a(n) __________ motion. A. angular B. rotational C. eversion D. sliding
A. angular
The pubic symphysis is classified as a: A. cartilaginous joint and an amphiarthrosis. B. fibrous joint and a synarthrosis. C. synovial joint and a diarthrosis. D. cartilaginous joint and a synarthrosis. E. fibrous joint and an amphiarthrosis.
A. cartilaginous joint and an amphiarthrosis.
Place in correct order the following steps in the process of appositional growth of cartilage. a. New matrix is produced and secreted. b. Chondrocytes differentiate, each in its own lacuna. c. Stem cells undergo mitosis. d. Committed cells differentiate into chondroblasts. A. cdab B. dcba C. cdba D. acbd E. acdb
A. cdab
In fibrous joints, the articulating surfaces are held together by: A. dense regular connective tissue. B. areolar connective tissue. C. dense irregular connective tissue. D. fibrocartilage. E. articular cartilage
A. dense regular connective tissue.
Clenching the fingers to make a fist, then relaxing and straightening them, is an example of __________ followed by __________. A. flexion; extension B. extension; flexion C. adduction; abduction D. abduction; adduction E. extension; hyperextension
A. flexion; extension
In the body, a joint serves as a ________ for a long bone. A. fulcrum B. lever C. effort arm D. resistor
A. fulcrum
The fixed point around which a lever rotates is the A. fulcrum. B. condyle. C. resistance node. D. effort arm. E. multiaxis.
A. fulcrum
If you move your head in such a way to look up at the ceiling, you are _________ your neck. A. hyperextending B. rotating C. circumducting D. flexing E. elevating
A. hyperextending
Strong reinforcement for the anterior aspect of the hip joint is provided by the Y-shaped A. iliofemoral ligament. B. pubofemoral ligament. C. ligament of the head of the femur. D. ischiofemoral ligament.
A. iliofemoral ligament.
One of the weakest parts of the shoulder is the part that lacks tendons of the rotator cuff. This weak area is the ______ aspect of the shoulder. A. inferior B. superior C. anterior D. posterior
A. inferior
During development of synovial joints, the articular capsule forms from mesenchymal tissue that is A. laterally located. B. centrally located.
A. laterally located.
Interstitial growth of cartilage increases its ________ and occurs in the ________ region of the cartilage. A. length, internal B. length, peripheral C. width, internal D. width, peripheral
A. length, internal
The bones of the fingers and toes (phalanges) are categorized as _____ bones. A. long B. irregular C. short D. flat E. sesamoid
A. long
The articular capsule of the temporomandibular joint is exceptionally A. loose. B. tight.
A. loose.
The elbow contains _____ articular capsule(s). A. one B. two C. three
A. one
As the bone matrix calcifies and the secreting cells become walled in, A. osteoblasts become osteocytes. B. osteogenic progenitors become osteoclasts. C. osteoblasts become osteoclasts D. osteoclasts become osteocytes
A. osteoblasts become osteocytes
Flat bones: A. protect underlying soft tissue and may be slightly curved. B. have elaborate shapes, and sometimes resemble sesame seeds. C. include the bones of the wrist that glide across each other. D. are, by definition, not at all curved. E. have a diaphysis and an epiphysis.
A. protect underlying soft tissue and may be slightly curved
The main ligament supporting the lateral aspect of the elbow is the A. radial collateral ligament. B. lateral cruciate ligament. C. annular ligament. D. ulnar collateral ligament. E. ulnar condylar ligament.
A. radial collateral ligament.
The coracoclavicular ligament is a ______ ligament that connects the clavicle to part of the _______. A. strong; scapula B. strong; sternum C. weak; scapula D. weak; sternum
A. strong; scapula
In a first-class lever A. the fulcrum is in the middle, between the effort and the resistance. B. the resistance is between the fulcrum and the effort. C. the effort is between the resistance and the fulcrum. D. there is no effort arm.
A. the fulcrum is in the middle, between the effort and the resistance.
An osteoclast has a ruffled border and multiple nuclei A. true B. false
A. true
Endochondral ossification is a form of bone growth in which a cartilaginous model is replaced by bone. A. true B. false
A. true
Further lengthwise bone growth cannot occur once the epiphyseal lines have formed. A. true B. false
A. true
Mature cartilage is avascular A. true B. false
A. true
Most of the bones of the upper and lower limbs are formed by intramembranous ossification. A. true B. false
A. true
Osteoblasts are bone-forming cells; osteoclasts are bone-dissolving cells. A. true B. false
A. true
The flat bones of the cranium form by intramembranous ossification. A. true B. false
A. true
The sternoclavicular joint is a saddle joint with a _______ range of movement. A. wide B. narrow
A. wide
Articular cartilage is composed of hyaline cartilage that lacks a perichondrium A. True B. False
A.True
wider and rounded
How is the pelvic inlet of the female different than a male?
Means to move away and does lateral movement of a body part away from the body midline
Abduction
sebaceous, sebaceous
Acne is the term used to describe plugged ---- ducts. Acne typically becomes abundant beginning at puberty, because increases in hormone levels stimulate ---- gland secretion.
burns
Acute treatment for --- involves managing fluid loss, relieving swelling, pain management, debridement, controlling infection, and increasing caloric intake.
In this image showing connective tissue components, what structure does number 1 indicate?
Adipocyte
5
How lumbar vertebrae are there?
stem cells
After middle age, skin repair processes take longer to complete because of a reduced number and activity of --- ---, which also results in a thinner skin.
Which is not correct regarding articulations? An articulation is a joint between a bone and another bone, cartilage, or tooth. All articulations contain some type of cartilage. Arthrology is the scientific study of articulations. Articulations can range in motion from freely mobile to immobile. There are three structural categories of articulations.
All articulations contain some type of cartilage.
Which is not correct regarding articulations? An articulation is a joint between a bone and another bone, cartilage, or tooth. All articulations contain some type of cartilage. Arthrology is the scientific study of articulations. Articulations can range in motion from freely mobile to immobile. There are three structural categories of articulations.
All articulations contain some type of cartilage.
What type of stimulus is detected by the sensory receptors of the skin?
All of the choices are correct
Which affects osteoblast and osteoclast activity?
All of the choices are correct
Which describes the skin's form and function?
All of the choices are correct
Which is a characteristic of cartilage connective tissue?
All of the choices are correct
Why is the dermis richly innervated?
All of the choices are correct
Keratinocytes are:
All of the choices are correct.
Which affects osteoblast and osteoclast activity?
All of the choices are correct.
A tissue transplant from an animal to a human is a(n)
Allograft
hypodermis
Also called a subcutaneous layer, this is a layer of fat is located under the dermis of the skin; helps to insulate the body and protects underlying muscles and blood vessels.
Sinus
An air space found in some skull bones
infection
An ingrown nail occurs when the edge of a nail digs into the skin around it and can cause--- .
Ligaments
Anchor bone to bone
Sternum
Anterior bone of the thorax
Which ligament is responsible for holding the head of the radius in place? Anular ligament Ulnar collateral ligament Radial collateral ligament Transverse humeral ligament Deltoid ligament
Anular ligament
Which ligament is responsible for holding the head of the radius in place? Anular ligament Ulnar collateral ligament Radial collateral ligament Transverse humeral ligament Deltoid ligament
Anular ligament
Short Bone
Approximately equal in length, with, and thickness (carpals, tarsals)
Which type of connective tissue is found in the papillary layer of the dermis and contains all of the cell types of connective tissue proper?
Areolar
What is the composition of the subcutaneous layer?
Areolar connective tissue and adipose connective tissue
late teens/ 20's
At what age do the long bones stop growing?
Psoriasis
Autoimmune disease that attacks the skin
Which is not correct regarding articulations? A.An articulation is a joint between a bone and another bone, cartilage, or tooth. B. All articulations contain some type of cartilage. C.Arthrology is the scientific study of articulations. D. Articulations can range in motion from freely mobile to immobile. E. There are three structural categories of articulations.
B. All articulations contain some type of cartilage.
Which joint is multiaxial? A. Pivot B. Ball and socket C. Condylar D. Plane E. Hinge
B. Ball and socket
At the knee, the articular capsule encloses only the medial, lateral, and anterior regions of the joint A. True B. False
B. False
Circumduction is an example of a gliding motion A. True B. False
B. False
Gliding is an example of angular motion A. True B. False
B. False
Medial rotation turns the anterior surface of the femur or humerus laterally A. True B. False
B. False
Neither short nor flat bones contain a medullary cavity. A. True B. False
B. False
The glenohumeral joint is more stable the hip joint. A. True B. False
B. False
The joints in the body that are the most mobile, such as the glenohumeral joint or coxal joint, are also the most stable A. True B. False
B. False
Which type of cartilage is found in the intervertebral discs? A. Hyaline cartilage B. Fibrocartilage C. Reticular cartilage D. Articular cartilage E. Elastic cartilage
B. Fibrocartilage
Which of the following describes a meniscus? A. Attach one bone to another at a joint B. Fibrous cartilage pads C. Flat, fluid-filled sacs D. Found only at the temporomandibular joint E. Attach muscles to bones
B. Fibrous cartilage pads
Which knee ligament is most crucial for preventing hyperadduction? A. Tibial collateral ligament B. Fibular collateral ligament C. Patellar ligament D. Anterior cruciate ligament E. Medial meniscus
B. Fibular collateral ligament
Which is not a correct pairing of a joint with its common name? A. Radiocarpal joint - wrist B. Glenohumeral joint - elbow C. Metacarpophalangeal - knuckle D. Temporomandibular - TMJ E. Talocrural - ankle
B. Glenohumeral joint - elbow
Which joints are responsible for flexion and extension at the elbow? A. Glenohumeral and humeroulnar B. Humeroulnar and humeroradial C. Humeroulnar, humeroradial, and radioulnar D. Humeroradial, radioulnar, and radiocarpal E. Humeroradial and radioulnar
B. Humeroulnar and humeroradial
Which is not true about the periosteum? A. It includes two layers: outer fibrous and inner cellular B. It is composed of dense regular connective tissue C. It provides stem cells for bone growth and repair D. It is anchored to the bone by collagen fibers E. It covers the entire bone surface, with the exception of articular areas
B. It is composed of dense regular connective tissue
Consider the classifications of bone, and examples of each. Which classification comprises bones used primarily for movement rather than protection? A. Short bones B. Long bones C. Flat bones D. Irregular bones E. Regular bones
B. Long bones
The periosteum is anchored to the bone by collagen fibers called ____________ fibers. A. Transverse B. Perforating C. Penetrating D. Connecting E. Cementing
B. Perforating
If you were to reach out your hand to receive a set of keys from someone, what movements of your forearm and hand would be involved? A. Pronation and adduction B. Supination and extension C. Depression and flexion D. Protraction and rotation E. Eversion and abduction
B. Supination and extension
The ligamentum teres of the hip extends from the A. ilium to the lesser trochanter of the femur. B. acetabulum to the head of the femur. C. pubis to the greater trocanter of the femur. D. iliac crest to the head of the femur. E. ischium to the intertrochanteric crest of the femur.
B. acetabulum to the head of the femur.
Synovial fluid is A. a watery fluid produced by hyaline cartilage. B. an oily fluid produced by the synovial membrane. C. a watery fluid produced by capsular ligaments. D. an oily fluid produced by articular cartilage.
B. an oily fluid produced by the synovial membrane.
Gomphoses: A. contain fluid-filled joint cavities. B. are found only in tooth sockets. C. consist of sheets of hyaline cartilage. D. cover the tendons in the shoulder and coxal joints. E. are also called saddle joints
B. are found only in tooth sockets.
In the temporomandibular joint, a pad of fibrocartilage called the _________ divides the synovial cavity into two separate chambers. A. meniscus B. articular disc C. mandibular partition D. sphenomandibular ligament E. coronoid capsule
B. articular disc
Which choice places the steps of intramembranous ossification in correct chronological order? a. formation of lamellar bone b. osteoid undergoes calcification c. ossification centers form d. formation of woven bone and its periosteum A. bacd B. cbda C. cbad D. acdb E. bcda
B. cbda
What are the matrix rings of compact bone that surround the central canal of each osteon? A. canaliculi B. concentric lamellae C. circumferential lamellae D. perforating canals E. interstitial lamellae
B. concentric lamellae
When considering leverage, the part of the bone from the muscle attachment to the joint would be the A. fulcrum. B. effort arm. C. resistance arm.
B. effort arm
Bone is considered part of the skeletal system, but ligaments are not. A. true B. false
B. false
The sagittal suture is a(n): A. cartilaginous joint. B. fibrous joint. C. synovial joint. D. synchondrosis. E. amphiarthrosis.
B. fibrous joint.
In addition to its hinge function, when the knee is _______ it allows for some slight ________. A. flexed; circumduction B. flexed; rotation C. extended; supination D. extended; gliding
B. flexed; rotation
When the arm is raised anteriorly, the movement at the shoulder is A. extension. B. flexion. C. abduction. D. adduction. E. rotation.
B. flexion.
The term diarthrosis refers to a joint that is: A. immobile. B. freely mobile. C. fused. D. slightly mobile. E. dislocated
B. freely mobile.
When protracting the jaw or making small side-to-side movements during chewing, the temporomandibular joint makes ________ movements. A. rotation B. gliding C. flexion D. extension E. circumduction
B. gliding
In general, the movements demonstrated at plane joints between the carpals are A. rotations. B. gliding movements. C. flexions and extensions. D. circumductions. E. pivots.
B. gliding movements.
The elbow is a _______ joint. A. plane B. hinge C. condyle D. saddle
B. hinge
Compact bone A. is located deep to spongy bone in the diaphysis B. is composed of tubular units called osteons C. has a brace-like arrangement of trabeculae D. is avascular E. all of the choices are correct
B. is composed of tubular units called osteons
Osteoid is the A. organic part of the bone matrix that gives it rigidity B. organic part of the bone matrix that gives it tensile strength C. inorganic part of the bone matrix that gives it rigidity D. inorganic part of the bone matrix that gives it tensile strength
B. organic part of the bone matrix that gives it tensile strength
Common, wear-and-tear arthritis, in which repeated use of a joint gradually wears down the articular cartilage, is known as A. gout. B. osteoarthritis. C. rheumatoid arthritis. D. osteopenia. E. articular porosis.
B. osteoarthritis.
The ________ joint is the simplest synovial joint and also the least mobile synovial joint. A. pivot B. plane C. hinge D. saddle E. suture
B. plane
If a heavy load is at one end of a lever, the distance between the fulcrum and that load is called the A. effort arm. B. resistance arm. C. lever length.
B. resistance arm.
The way that our calf muscles contract to cause plantarflexion resembles the lever system of a wheelbarrow; it is a _______ class lever. A. first B. second C. third
B. second
The acromioclavicular joint is part of the A. sternum. B. shoulder. C. elbow. D. neck. E. cranium.
B. shoulder.
In a young person, the joint between the sphenoid bone and the occipital bone is a A. suture. B. synchondrosis. C. syndesmosis. D. symphysis. E. gomphosis.
B. synchondrosis.
The deltoid ligament, lateral ligament, and tibiofibular ligaments belong to the ________ joint. A. tarsometatarsal B. talocrural C. humeroradial D. knee E. fibulometatarsal
B. talocrural
The glenohumeral ligaments are A. strong and distinct. B. weak and indistinct.
B. weak and indistinct.
Impetigo
Bacterial infection; commonly seen on the face and in children
Boils and carbuncles
Bacterial skin infection with fluid secreted
Which joint is multi axial? Pivot Ball and socket Condylar Plane Hinge
Ball and socket
Which joint is multiaxial?
Ball and socket
Which joint is multiaxial? -Pivot -Ball and socket -Condylar -Plane -Hinge
Ball and socket
Which joint is multiaxial? Pivot Ball and socket Condylar Plane Hinge
Ball and socket
From deep to superficial, the order of the strata of the epidermis is
Basale - spinosum - granulosum - lucidum - corneum
What specialized feature of an epithelium consists of a reticular lamina, a lamina densa, and a lamina lucida?
Basement membrane
Cold sore
Blister seen around the mouth; caused by a herpes virus
Which is NOT TRUE about synovial joints? -All articulating bone surfaces are covered with articular cartilage. -Synovial joints are enclosed by fibrous articular capsules. -Synovial fluid is secreted by the synovial membrane. -Ligaments strengthen and reinforce joints. -Blood circulates within the joint cavity to nourish the articular cartilage.
Blood circulates within the joint cavity to nourish the articular cartilage.
Which is not true about synovial joints? All articulating bone surfaces are covered with articular cartilage. Synovial joints are enclosed by fibrous articular capsules. Synovial fluid is secreted by the synovial membrane. Ligaments strengthen and reinforce joints. Blood circulates within the joint cavity to nourish the articular cartilage.
Blood circulates within the joint cavity to nourish the articular cartilage.
Which is not true about synovial joints? All articulating bone surfaces are covered with articular cartilage. Synovial joints are enclosed by fibrous articular capsules. Synovial fluid is secreted by the synovial membrane. Ligaments strengthen and reinforce joints. Blood circulates within the joint cavity to nourish the articular cartilage.
Blood circulates within the joint cavity to nourish the articular cartilage.
nutrients
Blood vessels in the dermis supply hair follicles, sweat glands, sensory receptors, and the epidermis with ---
In order to retain heat, what occurs in the skin on a cold day?
Blood vessels of the dermis constrict
In order to retain heat, what occurs in the skin on a cold day?
Blood vessels of the dermis constrict.
Cyanosis
Bluish skin tint; caused by low oxygen levels
Endochondral Ossification
Bone forms from a cartilage model, most often Results in compact bone in long bones
Epiphyseal Line
Bone growth stops when the epiphyseal plate cartilage becomes ossified and forms a bony structure called the _________.
water
Brittle nails are prone to vertical splitting and separation of the nail plate layers at the free edge; this can be caused by overexposure to---or certain household chemicals.
4th degree burn
Burn that affects all skin layers AND the underlying tissue
3rd degree Burn
Burn that affects the entire epidermis and entire dermis; gray, white, or black appearance
2nd degree burn
Burn that affects the entire epidermis and upper dermis; red appearance with blisters
Ist degree burn
Burn that affects upper epidermis; red in color
fluid loss, infection, and the effects of burned, dead tissue
Burns are a major cause of accidental death, primarily through--, --,--.
depth of tissue
Burns are classified by -- of ---involvement.
Fluid-filled sacs that cushion synovial joints are called -fat pads. -articular discs. -bursae. -menisci. -Diarthroses.
Bursae
126
How many bones are in the appendicular skeleton?
In the human body, joints start to form by the _________ week of embryonic development. A. 4th B. 8th C. 6th D. 10th E. 12th
C. 6th
What is the thin layer of connective tissue that lines the medullary cavity of a long bone? A. Diaphysis B. Epiphysis C. Endosteum D. Periosteum E. Trabeculae
C. Endosteum
Bone is _________ and contains mainly __________ nerves. A. Avascular, sensory B. Avascular, motor C. Highly vascularized, sensory D. Highly vascularized, motor
C. Highly vascularized, sensory
What is the function of the cruciate ligaments in the knee joint? A. Hold the patella in place on the femur B. Hold the patella in place on the tibia C. Limit the movement of the femur on the tibia D. Limit the movement of the fibula on the femur E. Limit the movement of the fibula on the tibia
C. Limit the movement of the femur on the tibia
Which region of a growing bone contains the epiphyseal plate? A. Distal epiphysis B. Proximal epiphysis C. Metaphysis D. Diaphysis E. Periphysis
C. Metaphysis
Which type of cell produces new bone tissue by secreting matrix? A. Osteocytes B. Osteoclasts C. Osteoblasts D. Osteoprogenitor cells E. Bone-lining cells
C. Osteoblasts
Where does hemopoiesis occur? A. Epiphyseal line B. Endosteum C. Red bone marrow D. Yellow bone marrow E. Nutrient foramina
C. Red bone marrow
The glenohumeral joint exhibits A. a high degree of stability and a wide range of motion. B. a high degree of stability but a narrow range of motion. C. a low level of stability but a wide range of motion. D. a low level of stability and a narrow range of motion.
C. a low level of stability but a wide range of motion.
The fibrocartilage rim that deepens the hip socket is the A. coxal retinaculum. B. obturator membrane. C. acetabular labrum. D. glenoid labrum.
C. acetabular labrum.
Bone growth in which the bone increases in diameter is called A. interstitial growth B. epiphyseal growth C. appositional growth D. endosteal growth E. cancellous bone growth
C. appositional growth
Sutures are joints that are found: A. throughout the axial and appendicular skeletons. B. between all bones and teeth of the skull. C. between certain bones of the skull. D. only where a facial bone articulates with a cranial bone.
C. between certain bones of the skull.
Fluid-filled sacs that cushion synovial joints are called A. fat pads. B. articular discs. C. bursae. D. menisci. E. diarthroses.
C. bursae.
What gives bone its flexibility? A. inorganic salts B. yellow bone marrow C. collagen fibers D. trabeculae E. elastic fibers
C. collagen fibers
The metatarsophalangeal joints allow movement in two planes and are classified as _________ joints. A. planar B. ball and socket C. condylar D. pivot E. hinge
C. condylar
Structurally, a syndesmosis is a _________ joint; functionally, it is a __________. A. cartilagenous, diarthrosis B. cartilagenous, amphiarthrosis C. fibrous, amphiarthrosis D. fibrous, synarthrosis E. ball and socket, pivot
C. fibrous, amphiarthrosis
When elevating the mandible to chew food, the temporomandibular joint functions as a _________ joint A. pivot B. ball and socket C. hinge D. saddle
C. hinge
Endochondral ossification begins with a ________ model. A. mesenchyme B. dense connective tissue C. hyaline cartilage D. membranous E. osteoid
C. hyaline cartilage
When the angle between articulating bones increases beyond the anatomic position, the movement is referred to as A. dislocation. B. supination. C. hyperextension. D. hyperflexion. E. hypertrophy.
C. hyperextension.
When bone forms by intramembranous ossification, the ossification centers are within A. hyaline cartilage B. compact bone C. mesenchyme D. elastic cartilage E. spongy bone
C. mesenchyme
In addition to the joint between the tibia and the femur, the knee contains a joint between the A. fibula and the femur. B. patella and the fibula. C. patella and the femur. D. patella and the tibia.
C. patella and the femur.
The bones of the wrist are classified as _____ bones. A. long B. regular C. short D. irregular E. flat
C. short
Functionally, a gomphosis is categorized as a: A. cartilagenous joint B. diarthrosis C. synarthrosis D. synovial joint
C. synarthrosis
An articular capsule is present in: A. fibrous joints. B. fibrous joints and cartilaginous joints. C. synovial joints. D. fibrous joints and synovial joints. E. all joints.
C. synovial joints.
When considering joints in the human body, the most common lever type is the A. first-class lever. B. second-class lever. C. third-class lever.
C. third-class lever.
The joint movement called eversion involves A. lateral rotation of the coxal joint. B. medial rotation of the coxal joint. C. turning the sole of the foot laterally. D. turning the palm of the hand laterally. E. turning the palm of the hand or sole of the foot laterally.
C. turning the sole of the foot laterally.
Based on its range of motion, the elbow is classified as a(n) __________ joint. A. multiaxial B. gliding C. uniaxial D. biaxial E. ellipsoid
C. uniaxial
Squamous cell carcinoma
Can metastasize to the lymph nodes; curable if caught early
Which skin markings usually disappear during childhood?
Capillary hemangiomas
What type of muscle contains intercalated discs?
Cardiac
80
How many bones are in the axial skeleton?
Nerve Tissue
Carries messages to and from the brain and controls and coordinates all bodily functions
There are four types of body membranes. Select the exception.
Cartilaginous
The nucleus and other organelles of a neuron are primarily housed in which part of the cell?
Cell body
Melanocytes
Cells that produce the brown-to-black pigment called melanin.
Haversian Canal
Central canal; organized system of interconnecting canals longitudinal tubes surrounded by bone matrix where blood vessels and nerves pass
________ glands are modified sweat glands located only in the external ear canal.
Ceruminous
DNA
Chronic overexposure to UV rays can damage --- and lead to skin cancer
Microscopic folds that extend from the apical surface of certain epithelia to increase the surface area for absorption and secretion are called
Cilia
7
How many cervical vertebrae are there?
What is the most abundant protein in the body, forming about 25% of all body protein?
Collagen
What gives bone its flexibility?
Collagen Fibers
What gives bone its flexibility?
Collagen fibers
*Select all that are components of the skeletal system.
Compact bone Trabecular bone Articular cartilage Ligaments * ALL OF THEM
What are the matrix rings of compact bone that surround the central canal of each osteon?
Concentric lamellae
Tendons
Connect muscle to bone
Which of the primary tissue types is most widely distributed throughout the body?
Connective
Which primary tissue type would be represented by blood, body fat, ligaments and tendons, dermis of the skin, and the cartilage of some joints?
Connective Tissue
Which primary tissue type would be represented by blood, body fat, ligaments and tendons, dermis of the skin, and the cartilage of some joints?
Connective tissue
Within which zone of the epiphyseal plate do cartilage cells undergo mitosis? A. the zone closest to the medullary cavity B. the zone closest to the epiphysis C. the second closest zone to the medullary cavity D. the second closest zone to the epiphysis
D. the second closest zone to the epiphysis
integumentary system
Consists of the skin, mucous membranes, hair, and nails.
Which is an alternate term for compact bone?
Cortical bone
Where in the body would you expect to find a perichondrium?
Covering cartilage
Fibrocartilage
Cushions, found between vertebrae Cartilage with a matrix of strong collagenous fibers; found in invertebral disks, pubic symphysis, and menisci of knee joints
The largest of the body membranes, commonly called the skin
Cutaneous
The largest of the body membranes, commonly called the skin, is the _______ membrane.
Cutaneous
The patellar ligament attaches the patella to the A. femur. B. quadriceps muscle. C. fibula. D. tibia. E. hamstring muscles.
D. tibia.
Which does not correctly pair a movement with its opposing movement A. Flexion - extension B. Abduction - adduction C. Pronation - supination D. Elevation - retraction E. Dorsiflexion - plantar flexion
D. Elevation - retraction
What type of cartilage is located between the bones in a symphysis? A. Elastic cartilage B. Reticular cartilage C. Hyaline cartilage D. Fibrocartilage E. Sutural cartilage
D. Fibrocartilage
Which is not a function of bone? A. Protection B. Mineral storage C. Body movement D. Hormone synthesis E. Hemopoiesis
D. Hormone synthesis
Which ligament is not associated with the glenohumeral joint? A. Coracoacromial ligament B. Coracohumeral ligament C. Glenohumeral ligament D. Humeral collateral ligament
D. Humeral collateral ligament
Which is not a correct pairing of a joint with its classification? A. Tibiofemoral - hinge B. Glenohumeral - ball and socket C. Trapezium and first metacarpal - saddle D. Intertarsal - condylar E. Proximal radioulnar - pivot
D. Intertarsal - condylar
Which is not true regarding ligaments? A. Intracapsular ligaments are within the articular capsule. B. Ligaments are composed of dense regular connective tissue. C. Extrinsic ligaments are physically separate from the articular capsule. D. Intrinsic ligaments are thickenings of the articular cartilage. E. Extracapsular ligaments are outside the articular capsule.
D. Intrinsic ligaments are thickenings of the articular cartilage.
These figures show the coxal joint. What structure does number 6 indicate? A. Ischiofemoral ligament B. Iliofemoral ligament C. Articular capsule D. Ligament of head of femur E. Acetabular ligament
D. Ligament of head of femur
Bone cells called ________ break down bone by secreting hydrochloric acid and enzymes that dissolve the matrix. A. Osteoprogenitor cells B. Osteoid cells C. Osteocytes D. Osteoclasts E. Osteoblasts
D. Osteoclasts
Which of these synovial joints does not have at least one rounded or convex surface? A. Saddle B. Ball and socket C. Pivot D. Plane E. Condylar
D. Plane
In compact bone, ________ connect adjacent lacunae, thereby providing pathways for nutrients and other materials to pass between osteocytes. A. osteonic canals B. blood vessels C. lamellae D. canaliculi E. perforating canals
D. canaliculi
During appositional growth of cartilage, the cells that produce the matrix are the A. chondrocytes B. osteocytes C. fibroblasts D. chondroblasts E. osteoblasts
D. chondroblasts
A synarthrosis is: A. always made of cartilage. B. a joint that has a capsule. C. a joint within a fetus that ossifies during early development. D. immobile. E. slightly mobile.
D. immobile.
Which is not correct about spongy bone? A. its spaces hold red bone marrow B. it is located deep to compact bone C. it forms diploe in the cranial bones D. it is composed of tubular units called osteons E. it is located in the epiphyses of long bones
D. it is composed of tubular units called osteons
The movement that occurs when the trunk of the body moves in a coronal plane laterally away from the body is A. adduction. B. hyperextension. C. eversion D. lateral flexion. E. gliding.
D. lateral flexion.
A synarthrotic joint would have: A. high mobility and high stability. B. high mobility and low stability. C. low mobility and low stability. D. low mobility and high stability
D. low mobility and high stability
The joint formed by the axis and atlas that permits the "no" shaking of the head is a _____ joint A. condylar B. hinge C. plane D. pivot E. saddle
D. pivot
An example of a flat bone would be the: A. femur (of thigh). B. radius (of forearm). C. trapezoid (of wrist). D. sternum (breast bone). E. calcaneus (heel).
D. sternum (breast bone).
Rotation of the forearm so as to direct the palm anteriorly (as in anatomic position) is called A. abduction. B. pronation. C. eversion. D. supination. E. protraction.
D. supination.
Which type of connective tissue predominates in the deep portion of the dermis, where it lends strength to the skin?
Dense Irregular
Which type of connective tissue predominates in the deep portion of the dermis, where it lends strength to the skin?
Dense irregular
lighter, wider and more flared
Describe how the female pelvis differs from the male pelvis ?
2
How many clavicals are there in the body?
bone markings
Distinguishing features of bone are called what?
no
Do floating ribs have any anterior attachment?
Sebaceous Glands
Ducts that empty into hair follicles, excreting oily substances.
mesenchyme
During the embryonic period, mesoderm becomes ---, which forms the components of the dermis.
vernix caseosa
During the fetal period, the periderm is sloughed off and mixed with sebum to create a waterproof protective coating called the --- ---.
This figure shows the knee joint. What structure does number 4 indicate? A. Posterior cruciate ligament B. Fibular collateral ligament C. Medial meniscus D. Lateral meniscus E. Anterior cruciate ligament
E. Anterior cruciate ligament
Which is not true about synovial joints? A. All articulating bone surfaces are covered with articular cartilage. B. Synovial joints are enclosed by fibrous articular capsules. C. Synovial fluid is secreted by the synovial membrane. D. Ligaments strengthen and reinforce joints. E. Blood circulates within the joint cavity to nourish the articular cartilage.
E. Blood circulates within the joint cavity to nourish the articular cartilage.
Which is not a cartilaginous joint? A. First costochondral joint B. Intervertebral joint C. Second costochondral joint D. First sternocostal joint E. Second sternocostal joint
E. Second sternocostal joint
Movement of a body part toward the main axis of the body is called A. abduction. B. flexion. C. inversion. D. retraction. E. adduction.
E. adduction.
The zones found in an epiphyseal plate are a. calcified cartilage b. hypertrophic cartilage c. ossification d. resting cartilage e. proliferating cartilage A. c a b e d B. d b e a c C. e d a c b D. c d e a b E. d e b a c
E. d e b a c
The formation of bone for a cartilaginous model is termed A. mesenchymal ossification B. intramembranous ossification C. bone remodeling D. orthodontia E. endochondral ossification
E. endochondral ossification
Which is not involved in the process of bone repair following a fracture? A. fibroblasts produce collagen fibers to connect broken pieces of bone B. a fibrocartilaginous callus serves as a model for new bone growth C. osteoclasts remove excess bone from the hard callus D. the fracture hematoma reorganizes to form a procallus E. no exceptions; all of the choices are involved in the process of bone repair
E. no exceptions; all of the choices are involved in the process of bone repair
The interosseous membrane between the radius and the ulna is an example of a: A. synchondrosis. B. suture. C. synostosis. D. synarthrosis. E. syndesmosis.
E. syndesmosis.
The epidermis derives from
ECTODERM
14
How many facial bones are there?
What is the thin layer of connective tissue that lines the medullary cavity of a long bone?
Endosteum
Which does not correctly pair a movement with its opposing movement? Flexion - extension Abduction - adduction Pronation - supination Elevation - retraction Dorsiflexion - plantar flexion
Elevation - retraction
Which does not correctly pair a movement with its opposing movement? Flexion - extension Abduction - adduction Pronation - supination Elevation - retraction Dorsiflexion - plantar flexion
Elevation - retraction
Epiphysis
End of a long bone
immune cells
Epidermal dendritic cells are phagocytic ------ cells that fight infection and epidermal cancer cells.
Before beginning orthodontic treatment, a patient may have her wrist and hand x-rayed to determine her stage of growth. What feature of the long bones will the orthodontist use to assess this?
Epiphyseal plate
Before beginning orthodontic treatment, a patient may have her wrist and hand x-rayed to determine her stage of growth. What long bone feature will the orthodontist use to assess this?
Epiphyseal plate
Which tissue type covers body surfaces and lines the inside of organs and body cavities?
Epithelial
In what tissue would you expect to find very little, if any, extracellular matrix?
Epithelial Tissue
You would most likely find goblet cells in what type of tissue?
Epithelial Tissue
Which is avascular (lacks blood vessels)?
Epithelial tissue
You would most likely find goblet cells in what type of tissue?
Epithelial tissue
Circumduction is an example of a gliding motion.
False
5 pairs
How many false rib's are there
What is the greatest risk factor for skin cancer?
Exposure to UV light rays
A fibrous joint contains a joint capsule.
False
A tendon sheath is a fat pad that fills the spaces that form when bones move.
False
About 80% of the human skeleton is replaced yearly as a result of bone remodeling.
False
An organ is made up of only one tissue type; for example, the heart is made of cardiac muscle.
False
Bone is considered part of the skeletal system, but ligaments are not.
False
Cardiac muscle is also known as visceral muscle.
False
2 pairs
How many false rib's are there?
During aging of the integumentary system, sweat production increases as a result of improved sweat gland activity.
False
Exocrine glands secrete hormones into the blood.
False
For most individuals a common source of vitamin D is dietary intake of milk.
False
Glial cells transmit impulses.
False
Gliding is an example of an angular motion.
False
In adults, an area of compact bone called the epiphyseal tract replaces the epiphyseal plate.
False
In adults, the medullary cavities of most long bones contain red marrow.
False
In general, the mechanical stresses on bones that result from exercise tend to weaken them and lead to more frequent fractures.
False
In nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelial tissue, the cells in the superficial layers are dead.
False
Medial rotation turns the anterior surface of the femur or humerus laterally.
False
Mesenchyme is found only in the umbilical cord.
False
Most of the bones of the upper and lower limbs are formed by intramembranous ossification.
False
Once we reach adulthood and our bones are fully formed and hardened, they cannot be remodeled.
False
Osteons run perpendicular to the diaphysis of a long bone.
False
Parathyroid hormone is released by the thyroid gland and causes the small intestine to increase calcium absorption.
False
Sensory receptors in the dermis detect touch, temperature, and light.
False
Since cartilage must be continuously replaced in the body, appositional and interstitial growth of cartilage continues throughout life.
False
Skin is an entirely waterproof barrier, preventing all gain or loss of fluid from the skin except sweat.
False
The ability of the components of the integumentary system to respond to stress or trauma is independent of nervous or endocrine system control.
False
The glenohumeral joint is more stable than the hip joint.
False
The joints in the body that are the most mobile, such as the glenohumeral joint or coxal joint, are also the most stable.
False
The joints in the body that are the most mobile, such as the glenohumeral joint or coxal joint, are also the most stable. -True -False
False
The reason for the reddish tint seen in lightly pigmented skin is the molecule formed by the combination of oxygen and melanin.
False
The subcutaneous layer, or hypodermis, is one of the two parts of the integument.
False
When the body is cold and needs to conserve heat, the blood vessels in the dermis dilate to allow for more blood flow in that region.
False
Suppose that you were involved in an automobile accident and suffered a back injury. When examined by your physician you are told that you have a slipped disc in the lower back. What type of tissue is involved?
Fibrocartilage
What type of cartilage is located between the bones in a symphysis? -Elastic cartilage -Reticular cartilage -Hyaline cartilage -Fibrocartilage -Sutural cartilage
Fibrocartilage
What type of cartilage is located between the bones in a symphysis? Elastic cartilage Reticular cartilage Hyaline cartilage Fibrocartilage Sutural cartilage
Fibrocartilage
What type of cartilage is located between the bones in a symphysis? Elastic cartilage Reticular cartilage Hyaline cartilage Fibrocartilage Sutural cartilage
Fibrocartilage
What type of cartilage is located between the bones in a syphysis?
Fibrocartilage
Which type of cartilage is found in the intervertebral discs?
Fibrocartilage
Which type of cartilage can be found in cartilaginous joints
Fibrocartilage, hyaline cartilage
What type of joint occurs we are bones are held together by dense regular connective tissue?
Fibrous
Which of the following describes a meniscus?
Fibrous cartilage pads
Which of the following describes a meniscus? Attach one bone to another at a joint Fibrous cartilage pads Flat, fluid-filled sacs Found only at the temporomandibular joint Attach muscles to bones
Fibrous cartilage pads
Which of the following describes a meniscus? Attach one bone to another at a joint Fibrous cartilage pads Flat, fluid-filled sacs Found only at the temporomandibular joint Attach muscles to bones
Fibrous cartilage pads
Keratin
Fibrous protein that is responsible for the strength and water resistance of the skin surface.
Which knee ligament is most crucial for preventing hyper adduction? Tibial collateral ligament Fibular collateral ligament Patellar ligament Anterior cruciate ligament Medial meniscus
Fibular collateral ligament
Which knee ligament is most crucial for preventing hyperadduction?
Fibular collateral ligament
Which knee ligament is most crucial for preventing hyperadduction? Tibial collateral ligament Fibular collateral ligament Patellar ligament Anterior cruciate ligament Medial meniscus
Fibular collateral ligament
10th
Fingernails and toenails start to form in the ----week of development
3
How many ossicles are there?
12
How many ribs are there?
Long Bone
Forms framework of appendicular skeleton (femur, tibia, fibula, humerus, ulna, & clavicle)
Dense Connective Tissue
Found in bone covering (with nervous tissue) Allows for attachment of tendons and ligaments
Hyaline Cartilage
Found in the ends of long bones and between joints Important for bone growth, protects end of bone The most abundant cartilage type in the body; commonly torn nose, trachea and bronchiols, most of larynx, costal cartilage, epiphyseal plate, and fetal skeleton
Blood Tissue
Found throughout bone Living tissue Brings nutrients, removes wastes
Which structure is indicated by number 1?
Free edge
true
Further lengthwise bone growth cannot occur once the epiphyseal lines have formed.
Which is not a correct pairing of a joint with its common name? Radiocarpal joint - wrist Glenohumeral joint - elbow Metacarpophalangeal - knuckle Temporomandibular - TMJ Talocrural - ankle
Glenohumeral joint - elbow
Which is not a correct pairing of a joint with its common name? Radiocarpal joint - wrist Glenohumeral joint - elbow Metacarpophalangeal - knuckle Temporomandibular - TMJ Talocrural - ankle
Glenohumeral joint - elbow
Which is not a function of bone?
Hormone synthesis
attach to the rib above it
How are false rib's attached anteriorly to the sternum?
Longitudinal Growth
Growth in length
Appositional Growth
Growth in width
What does number 5 indicate?
Hair follicle
9 and 12
Hair follicles begin to appear between -- and -- weeks of development as pockets of cells, called hair buds, invade the dermis from the overlying stratum basale.
keratinized cells
Hair is a slender filament composed of --- cells.
functions
Hair--- include protection against sunburn and injury, heat retention, sensory reception, visual identification, and chemical signal dispersal.
Compact bone
Hard, dense bone tissue provide strength inside shafts of long bones and outer surface of flat bones
What type of joint is Uniaxial in which the convex surface of one bone fits into the concave depression of the other bone
Hinge
Which ligament is not associated with the glenohumeral joint? Coracoacromial ligament Coracohumeral ligament Glenohumeral ligament Humeral collateral ligament
Humeral collateral ligament
Which ligament is not associated with the glenohumeral joint? Coracoacromial ligament Coracohumeral ligament Glenohumeral ligament Humeral collateral ligament
Humeral collateral ligament
Which joints are responsible for flexion and extension at the elbow? Glenohumeral and humeroulnar Humeroulnar and humeroradial Humeroulnar, humeroradial, and radioulnar Humeroradial, radioulnar, and radiocarpal Humeroradial and radioulnar
Humeroulnar and humeroradial
Which joints are responsible for flexion and extension at the elbow? Glenohumeral and humeroulnar Humeroulnar and humeroradial Humeroulnar, humeroradial, and radioulnar Humeroradial, radioulnar, and radiocarpal Humeroradial and radioulnar
Humeroulnar and humeroradial
If you extend your arm and hand with the palm facing inferiorly, and then raise the back of your hand as if admiring a new ring on your finger, the rest is said to be
Hyperextended
#6
Identify the Ligament of head of femur
#2
Identify the articular capsule
#2
Identify the menisci
#4
Identify the patellar ligament
#5
Identify the prepatellar bursa
#2
Identify the pubofemoral ligament
#3
Identify the stylomandibular ligament
#3
Identify the tibial collateral ligament
Epidermal dendritic (Langerhans) cells function as part of the ______ response.
Immune
false
In adults, an area of compact bone called the epiphyseal tract replaces the epiphyseal plate.
Hair follicles
In aging, --- ---- either produce thinner hairs or stop production entirely.
epidermal dendritic cells.
In aging, The skin's immune responsiveness is diminished by a decrease in the number and efficiency of --- ---- ---.
false
In general, the mechanical stresses on bones that result from exercise tend to weaken them and lead to more frequent fractures.
periderm
In the embryo, the ectoderm forms a covering layer called the ------, and an underlying basal layer. The basal layer will form the stratum basale and all other epidermal layers.
Where in the body would you find a glial cell?
In the nervous system
occipital
In what bone is the foramen magnum found?
What explains the dramatic acceleration in lengthwise bone growth at puberty?
Increased secretion of sex hormones promotes epiphyseal plate growth.
What helps bone resist compression?
Inorganic salts
Which are examples of hinge joints
Interphalangeal joints, elbow joint, knee joint
Which is not a correct pairing of a joint with its classification? Tibiofemoral - hinge Glenohumeral - ball and socket Trapezium and first metacarpal - saddle Intertarsal - condylar Proximal radioulnar - pivot
Intertarsal - condylar
Which is not a correct pairing of a joint with its classification? Tibiofemoral - hinge Glenohumeral - ball and socket Trapezium and first metacarpal - saddle Intertarsal - condylar Proximal radioulnar - pivot
Intertarsal - condylar
Example of a plane joint
Intertarsal joint, intercarpal joint
Which is not true regarding ligaments? -Intracapsular ligaments are within the articular capsule. -Ligaments are composed of dense regular connective -tissue. -Extrinsic ligaments are physically separate from the articular capsule. -Intrinsic ligaments are thickenings of the articular cartilage. -Extracapsular ligaments are outside the articular capsule.
Intrinsic ligaments are thickenings of the articular cartilage
Which is not true regarding ligaments? Intracapsular ligaments are within the articular capsule. Ligaments are composed of dense regular connective tissue. Extrinsic ligaments are physically separate from the articular capsule. Intrinsic ligaments are thickenings of the articular cartilage. Extracapsular ligaments are outside the articular capsule.
Intrinsic ligaments are thickenings of the articular cartilage.
Which is not true regarding ligaments? Intracapsular ligaments are within the articular capsule. Ligaments are composed of dense regular connective tissue. Extrinsic ligaments are physically separate from the articular capsule. Intrinsic ligaments are thickenings of the articular cartilage. Extracapsular ligaments are outside the articular capsule.
Intrinsic ligaments are thickenings of the articular cartilage.
irregular bone
Irregular or complex in shape with different projections for muscle attachment (vertebrae, ribs)
Which is not true about the periosteum?
It is composed of dense regular connective tissue.
Which is not correct about spongy bone?
It is composed of tubular units called osteons.
cryosurgery
It is usually impossible to completely remove a tattoo; however, methods for tattoo removal include excision, dermabrasion, ----, and lasers.
Which is not true about bone remodeling?
It occurs only at articular surfaces.
2 weeks, 2 weeks
It takes about -- weeks for a keratinocyte to reach the stratum corneum and an additional -- weeks before the keratinized cell is shed from the epidermis altogether.
Os coxae
Join sacrum and coccyx of the vertebral column to form the bony pelvis
What type of epithelium is found in the epidermis?
Keratinized stratified squamous
stratum spinosum
Keratinocytes in the --- --- begin to differentiate into non-dividing, highly specialized keratinocytes.
Patella
Kneecap-
Which feature is found in both cartilage and bone?
Lacuna
Which feature is not characteristic of epithelial tissue?
Large amount of extracellular matrix
The following are movements allowed in the cervical and lumbar regions of the vertebral column
Lateral Flexion, flexion, extension
Hypodermis
Layer of the skin made up of adipose tissue that acts as insulation and padding for the skin.
Lamellae
Layers of bone matrix form around central canal
A level is an elongated, rigid object that can be used to alter the distance of movement produced by a force
Level
What is the function of the cruciate ligaments in the knee joint? Hold the patella in place on the femur Hold the patella in place on the tibia Limit the movement of the femur on the tibia Limit the movement of the fibula on the femur Limit the movement of the fibula on the tibia
Limit the movement of the femur on the tibia
What is the function of the cruciate ligaments in the knee joint? Hold the patella in place on the femur Hold the patella in place on the tibia Limit the movement of the femur on the tibia Limit the movement of the fibula on the femur Limit the movement of the fibula on the tibia
Limit the movement of the femur on the tibia
Consider the classifications of bone, and examples of each. Which classification comprises bones used primarily for movement rather than protection?
Long bones
Reticular layer
Lower layer of the dermis, consisting of connective tissue, blood vessels, and nerves; tattoos are placed here
In this image showing connective tissue components, what structure does number 2 indicate?
Macrophage
Which cell type, found in connective tissue proper, is formed from monocytes and serves to phagocytize damaged cells or pathogens?
Macrophage
Pore
Made:Tiny openings on top of skin with sweat and oil glands Function: Let sweat and oil come out of skin.
Which cell type, found in connective tissue proper and close to blood vessels, secretes heparin and histamine?
Mast cell
true
Mature cartilage is avascular.
Tibia
Medial bone of the leg-weight bearing bone of the lower leg
melanosomes, keratinocytes
Melanocytes cytoplasmic processes transfer pigment granules, called ----, into ----
If a person were unable to form saliva, what type of gland could be missing or malfunctioning?
Merocrine glands
Which is the first type of connective tissue to form in the embryo and the source of all other adult connective tissues?
Mesenchyme
All connective tissue is formed from which embryonic germ layer?
Mesoderm
Which region of a growing bone contains the epiphyseal plate?
Metaphysis
Malignant melanoma
Metastasizes quickly; most deadly form of skin cancer
Basal cell carcinoma
Most common type of skin cancer; doesn't metastasize easily
Stratum corneum
Most superficial layer of the epidermis
Which are not considered to be features of a synovial joint? Muscles Nerves Blood vessels Articular cartilage Synovial fluid
Muscles
Which are not considered to be features of a synovial joint? Muscles Nerves Blood vessels Articular cartilage Synovial fluid
Muscles
The cells that contract and squeeze sweat glands causing them to discharge their accumulated secretions are called __________ cells.
Myoepithelial
Which is the actively growing part of the nail?
Nail matrix
Where in the body would you find a glial cell?
Nervous system
The two types of cells that make up the nervous system are
Neurons and glial cells
Which is not a function of the integument?
No exceptions; all are functions of the integument
Which is not involved in the process of bone repair following a fracture?
No exceptions; all of the choices are involved in the process of bone repair.
Which of the following is not a function of epithelial tissue?
No exceptions; these are all functions of epithelial tissue
This figure illustrates the microscopic anatomy of spongy bone. Which number indicates a central canal?
None of the choices is correct.
hemoglobin, melanin, and carotene
Normal skin color results from a combination of the colors of --, ---, and ---.
Which is not a function of synovial fluid? Nourishes osteocytes Lubricates articulating surfaces Removes wastes Serves as shock absorber Distributes stress forces across articular surfaces
Nourishes osteocytes
Which is not a function of synovial fluid? Nourishes osteocytes Lubricates articulating surfaces Removes wastes Serves as shock absorber Distributes stress forces across articular surfaces
Nourishes osteocytes
During the process of endochondral ossification, chondrocytes in the cartilage model die. Why does this occur?
Nutrients cannot diffuse to the chondrocytes through the calcified matrix.
Greenstick
One side of the bone is broken and the other is bent. Most common in children
Which is the definition for a greenstick fracture?
Only one side of the bone is broken; the other side is bent.
fungal infection
Onychomycosis is a --- ---that occurs in nails constantly exposed to warmth and moisture, causing a yellowish discoloration, a thickened nail, and brittle, cracked edges.
If a clinician were looking to harvest bone marrow that made blood cells, which bone of a donor would be sampled?
Os coxa
Which type of cell produces new bone tissue by secreting matrix?
Osteoblasts
Which is an accurate description of appositional bone growth?
Osteoblasts build bone at the circumferential lamellae while osteoclasts widen the medullary cavity.
This figure illustrates the microscopic anatomy of spongy bone. What type of cell does number 3 indicate?
Osteoclast
monocytes
Osteoclasts develop from the white blood cells called?
This figure illustrates the microscopic anatomy of spongy bone. What bone feature does number 4 indicate?
Osteocyte in lacuna
What unit of bone consists of a central canal (containing blood vessels, nerves, and lymph vessels) surrounded by concentric rings of calcified matrix?
Osteon
dome-shaped
Papules and pustules are ___-___ lesions
Which hormone inhibits bone growth?
Parathyroid hormone
Which hormone normally has a more significant effect on blood calcium levels in adults?
Parathyroid hormone
Which is a sesamoid bone?
Patella
The atlantoaxial joint between the first two cervical vertebrae is classified as what type of joint
Pivot
Which of these synovial joints does not have at least one rounded or convex surface? Saddle Ball and socket Pivot Plane Condylar
Plane
Which of these synovial joints does not have at least one rounded or convex surface? Saddle Ball and socket Pivot Plane Condylar
Plane
Which connective tissue cells produce antibodies?
Plasma cells
Where does hemopoiesis occur?
Red bone marrow
Metaphysis
Region of mature bone between diaphysis and epiphysis
The type of muscle that has elongated, multinucleated cells and is under voluntary control is __________ muscle.
Skeletal
Which type of connective tissue protein fiber forms a meshlike framework that provides structural support within many organs (within the spleen, for example)?
Reticular fibers
If you were to rub your finger over the surface of your face, you would notice that the skin is oily. What makes up the oil?
Ruptured cells from sebaceous glands
Where on the human body is the hair thick enough to retain heat?
Scalp
Acne
Sebum and dead skin cells form plugs in hair follicles. Bacteria trapped in
Which is not a cartilaginous joint? -First costochondral joint -Intervertebral joint -Second costochondral joint -First sternocostal joint -Second sternocostal joint
Second sternocostal joint
Which is not a cartilaginous joint? First costochondral joint Intervertebral joint Second costochondral joint First sternocostal joint Second sternocostal joint
Second sternocostal joint
Which is not a cartilaginous joint? First costochondral joint Intervertebral joint Second costochondral joint First sternocostal joint Second sternocostal joint
Second sternocostal joint
Which of the following is not a function of epithelial tissue?
Secretion, physical protection, selective permeability, and sensation
The lining of the air sacs in the lungs (alveoli) is comprised of what epithelium?
Simple squamous
What type of epithelium would be most suited for high levels of diffusion and filtration?
Simple squamous
Which type of epithelial tissue would be the least protective?
Simple squamous
false
Since cartilage must be continuously replaced in the body, appositional and interstitial growth of cartilage continues throughout life.
What is the function of cartilage located in the epiphyseal plates?
Site of bone elongation and growth
number
Skin is classified as either thick or thin based on the --- of epidermal strata and the relative thickness of the epidermis
Which of the following is not lined by nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelium?
Small intestine
If you were examining a microscope slide containing a type of muscle tissue and observed a branching network of striated cells, each with one or two central nuclei, you could conclude that you were looking at _____ muscle.
Smooth
The type of muscle that is found in blood vessel walls is __________ muscle.
Smooth
Which type of muscle contains fusiform cells that function to propel materials through hollow organs?
Smooth
Arrector Pilli
Smooth muscle attached to each hair follicle. Functions to make hair stand erect.
Lovers have the ability to alter which of the following?
Speed of movement, distance moved, direction of applied force
true
Spongy bone makes up less than half of total bone mass, and is located internal to compact bone.
iron deficiency
Spoon nails are a nail malformation where the outer surface of the nails are concave instead of convex and are a sign of --- ---
Osteoprogenitor cells
Stem cells that differentiate into osteoblasts; important in fracture repair
Which type of epithelium is composed of multiple layers, including an apical layer containing tall, slender cells?
Stratified columnar
ectoderm
The ---- is the origin of the epidermis
striae
Stretch marks, or ---, occur when skin stretches beyond its elastic capabilities
absorb
Sunscreens are lotions that contain materials that ---or block UVA and UVB rays
The palm of the hand is turning from a posterior position to an anterior position
Supination
If you were to reach out your hand to receive a set of keys from someone, what movements of your forearm and hand would be involved? Pronation and adduction Supination and extension Depression and flexion Protraction and rotation Eversion and abduction
Supination and extension
If you were to reach out your hand to receive a set of keys from someone, what movements of your forearm and hand would be involved? Pronation and adduction Supination and extension Depression and flexion Protraction and rotation Eversion and abduction
Supination and extension
support head
Support the head What is the function of the atlas?
skeletal system
Support, protection, movement, storage & production of RBC's are the functions of what system?
20
Sweat and sebaceous glands develop from the stratum basale and first appear at about -- weeks
myoepithelial
Sweat glands contain ----cells, which are specialized epithelial cells that can contract to squeeze the gland, causing it to discharge accumulated secretions.
Which is a joint and which articulating bones are joined by long strands of dense regular connective tissue?
Syndesmoses
Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) are polysaccharides.
TRUE
Merkel cells
Tactile cells, also called ----, are few in number and scattered throughout the stratum basale.
dermis
Tattoos are permanent images produced by injecting a dye into the ----. Scar tissue surrounds the dye granules, and they become a permanent part of the dermis layer.
Hematoma
Term for a bruise
Which type of hair forms the beard on the faces of males?
Terminal
dermal papillae
The -- -- contain nerve endings and capillaries that supply the epidermal cells with nutrients.
papillary layer
The -- -- of the dermis is the superficial layer of the dermis, internal to the epidermis and is composed of areolar connective tissue
dermis
The -- is deep to the epidermis and is composed of two layers of connective tissue.
stratum basale
The --- --- consists of a single layer of cuboidal to low columnar cells and is tightly attached to an underlying basement membrane
hair bulb
The --- --- consists of living epithelial cells and includes both the hair papilla, which contains blood vessels and nerves, and the hair matrix, which generates the keratinized cells of the hair.
stratum spinosum
The --- --- is composed of several layers of polygonal keratinocytes and is superficial to the stratum basale
stratum lucidum
The --- --- is only found in thick skin.
stratum basale
The --- --- is the deepest epidermal layer.
reticular layer
The --- --- of the dermis is deep to the papillary layer and consists of dense irregular connective tissue, which is primarily composed of collagen fiber bundles
epidermal dendritic cells
The --- ---- --- initiate an immune response against pathogens that have penetrated the skin, as well as against epidermal cancer cells
hair follicle
The --- ---consists of two layers: an outer connective tissue root sheath, and an inner epithelial tissue root sheath
mammary
The --- glands of the breasts are modified apocrine sweat glands that produce milk in lactating females
cortex
The --- is a hard coating around the developing hair, and the cuticle is a single layer of cells around the cortex, which coats the hair.
hyponychium
The --- is a region of thickened stratum corneum over which the nail projects
epidermis
The --- is water resistant and helps prevent unnecessary water loss
epidermis
The ---- acts as a physical barrier that protects the body against physical injury, chemicals, toxins, microbes, excessive heat or cold, and solar radiation
dermis
The ---- has extensive innervation, including sensory nerve fibers, motor nerve fibers, and tactile corpuscles
nail matrix
The actively growing part of the nail is the --- ---, from which the nail root, nail body, and free edge (collectively known as the nail plate) grow
sphenoid
The base of the skull that resembles a bat with it's wings extended is called?
vasoconstriction or vasodilation
The body can regulate temperature by --- or --- of the abundant blood vessels within the dermis
Spiral
The bone has been twisted apart
Humerus
The bone of the upper arm is the?
If a bone is immersed in a weak acid such as vinegar for several days, its inorganic components will dissolve. What will be the result of such an experiment?
The bone will become soft and bendable.
Oblique
The break occurs at an angle across the bone
Impacted
The broken ends of the bone are jammed into each other
lines of cleavage
The bundles of collagen and elastin fiber in the dermis align themselves parallel to the direction of routine movement; this orientation of fiber bundles creates -- of ---
vasoconstriction and vasodilation
The dermis helps regulate body temperature and blood pressure through --- and ----
calcium deficiency
The disease Ricketts is caused by?
What feature of your ear accounts for its ability to regain its shape after it has been deformed or compressed?
The elastic fibers present in the ear's cartilage
keratinized, stratified squamous
The epidermis is a --- --- --- epithelium.
strata.
The epidermis is composed of specific layers, or ----.
the epidermis.
The epithelium of the integument ---.
transverse foramina
The hole in the cervical vertebrae that accommodates blood vessels and nerves that supply the neck and head is called?
stratum corneum
The keratinized cells of the stratum ----- are essentially keratin protein enclosed in a thickened plasma membrane
stratum spinosum
The keratinocytes of the --- ---- are daughter cells of the underlying keratinocyte stem cells of the stratum basale.
Vitamin D3, D
The keratinocytes of the epidermis synthesize Vitamin --, which the body then converts to the hormone Vitamin --, which increases absorption of calcium and phosphate.
eleidin
The keratinocytes of the stratum lucidum are flattened and filled with ----
desmosomes
The keratinocytes of the stratum spinosum are attached to one another by----
What would be the effect on bone growth of insufficient dietary calcium?
The matrix would be softer.
collagen
The name of a protein that is a major component of bone matrix?
atlas
The name of the 1st cervical vertebrae is?
axis
The name of the 2nd cervical vertebrae is?
Ulna
The name of the Medial bone of the forearm?
articular
The name of the cartilage that protects bone surfaces in a synovial joint is?
tendons
The name of the cord of regular dense connective tissue that attaches a muscle to a bone is?
saddle
The name of the joint where one bone fits into a saddle like depression on another bone.is?
ball and socket
The name of the joint where the ball like surface on one bone fits into a deep cuplike depression in another bone is?.
Carpals
The names of the 8 Wrist bones?
epidermis
The outer layer (most superficial) of the skin, made up of epithelial tissue.
stratum granulosum.
The process of keratinization begins in the stratum ----.
Within which zone of the epiphyseal plate do cartilage cells undergo mitosis?
The second closest zone to the epiphysis
apocrine
The secretion of --- sweat glands is viscous and cloudy, and it contains proteins and lipids.
age, size,location
The severity of a burn injury is also measured by the --- of the patient, the general ---- of the burn, and the ---- of the burn. Burns are considered very severe or critical if one of the following criteria is met: over 25% of the body has second-degree burns; over 10% of the body has third-degree burns; or third-degree burns are present on the hands, feet, face, or perineum
sweat glands and sebaceous glands
The skin houses many EXOCRINE glands, including .
selectively permeable
The skin is --- ---and can absorb certain chemicals and drugs through transdermal administration
sweat,
The skin secretes ---, which aids in thermoregulation as well as playing a role in electrolyte homeostasis.
sebum,
The skin secretes ----, which lubricates the skin surface and hair
keratinocyte
The stratum basale is dominated by large ---- stem cells, which divide to generate new cells that replace dead cells shed from the surface
20 to 30
The stratum corneum consists of --- to --- layers of dead, anucleate keratinized cells and is the most superficial epidermal layer
3-5
The stratum granulosum consists of --- to __ layers of keratinocytes and is superficial to the stratum spinosum
2 to 3
The stratum lucidum consists of -- to --- cell layers and is superficial to the stratum granulosum
epidermal dendritic cells
The stratum spinosum contains --- --- ---, also called Langerhans cells
areolar and adipose
The subcutaneous layer consists of --- and ---connective tissue, which is deeply interwoven with the reticular layer of the dermis.
hypodermis, the superficial fascia, or subcutaneous fat.
The subcutaneous layer is also called the ---, --- --- or --- --
The type of epithelium that lines the urinary bladder and may include some binucleated cells is called ____________ epithelium
Transitional
UVA (ultraviolet A), UVB (ultraviolet B), and UVC (ultraviolet C).
The sun generates three forms of ultraviolet radiation:
Diarthrosis
The term for a freely movable joint is?
condyloid
The term for a joint that moves in 2 directions is?
synarthrosis
The term for a non movable joint is?
resorption
The term for the breakdown of bone tissue is called?.
benign basal cell carcinoma, the squamous cell carcinoma, and the malignant melanoma
The three main types of skin cancer are
coccyx
The vertebrae at the end of the spine that numbers 4 to 5 in children and 1 in adults is ?
What types of stimuli are detected by the skin's sensory receptors?
Theirs The book mentions: "heat, cold, touch, pressure, and vibration." Chemoreception and nociception would also be acceptable. Mine: The skin's sensory receptors detect pressure - light or heavy, temperature, and painful sensations that may damage tissue.
Comminuted
There is more than one fracture line. The bone is splintered or crushed.
From what else, besides physical trauma, does the skin provide protection?
Theris: UV radiation and "...harmful chemicals, toxins, microbes, and excessive heat or cold." Mine: The skin protects the body from harmful substances, UV radiation, and infectious agents. It also serves other important functions such as regulating body temperature, facilitating fluid balance, synthesizing vitamin D, housing sensory receptors, and excreting small amounts of waste.
hair follicles, sebaceous glands
Thick skin contains all five epidermal strata and sweat glands, but has no --- or ----.
palms of the hands, soles of the feet,
Thick skin is found on the __ of __ and __ of ___, and corresponding surfaces of fingers and toes
Femur
Thigh bone-longest bone in the body
flat bone
Thin and curved, (cranial bones, scapula)
lucidum
Thin skin lacks the stratum --- but does have hair follicles and sebaceous glands, as well as sweat glands.
keratinocytes, melanocytes, and tactile cells
Three types of cells occupy the stratum basale:
the hair bulb, root, and shaft
Three zones comprise the length of a hair:
Further lengthwise bone growth in which a cartilaginous model is replaced by bone.
True
The type of epithelium that lines the urinary bladder and may include some binucleated cells is called ____________ epithelium.
Transitional
psoriasis
Treatments for --- include topical corticosteroids, ultraviolet light therapy, and oral medications that may interfere with the production of skin cells.
Adduction is an example of an angular motion. -True -False
True
All muscle tissue develops from mesoderm.
True
Although sweat and sebaceous glands develop from the stratum basale of the epidermis, they eventually burrow and remain in the underlying dermis.
True
An osteoclast has a ruffled border and multiple nuclei.
True
Apocrine sweat glands secrete sweat by having the apical portion of epithelial cells pinch off.
True
Articular cartilage is composed of hyaline cartilage that lacks a perichondrium.
True
Calcitriol stimulates absorption of calcium in the small intestine.
True
Carotene, a pigment that contributes to skin color, is acquired in the body by eating various yellow-orange vegetables.
True
Deep cuts that occur perpendicular to cleavage lines tend to gape.
True
During the fetal period, sebum from the sebaceous glands mixes with the cells of the sloughed off periderm to form the vernix caseosa.
True
Endochondral ossification is a form of bone growth in which a cartilaginous model is replaced by bone.
True
Epithelial tissue tends to be richly innervated and highly regenerative
True
Epithelial tissue tends to be richly innervated and highly regenerative.
True
Fingernails are helpful in protecting the distal tips of fingers and in grasping small objects.
True
Fingernails reach the tips of the fingers before toenails are fully formed.
True
For most individuals the main source of vitamin D is dietary intake of milk.
True
Further lengthwise bone growth cannot occur once the epiphyseal lines have formed.
True
Melanocyte cytoplasmic processes transfer pigment granules into stratum basale keratinocytes; these pigment granules shield the nuclear DNA from UV radiation.
True
Moderate exercise improves the health of joints by increasing the flow of synovial fluid in and out of the articular cartilage.
True
Most of the nail body appears pink because of the blood in the underlying capillaries.
True
Nails, hair, and sweat and sebaceous glands are all derived from the epidermis.
True
Neither short nor flat bones contain a medullary canal.
True
Neither short nor flat bones contain a medullary cavity.
True
One of the components of sweat is the nitrogenous waste urea.
True
Osteoblasts are bone-forming cells; osteoclasts are bone-dissolving cells.
True
Sebum has bactericidal properties.
True
Some neurons are longer than 1 meter
True
Some neurons are longer than 1 meter.
True
Spongy bone makes up less than half of total bone mass, and is located internal to compact bone.
True
The connection between a tooth and jaw bone is an example of a joint.
True
The connection between a tooth and jaw bone is an example of a joint. -True -False
True
The elbow is considered to be a stable joint.
True
The epidermal dendritic cells are able to play an important immune response role by their phagocytic activity.
True
The epidermis exhibits variations among different body regions within a single individual, as well as differences between individuals.
True
The epiphyseal plates in long bones are examples of synchondroses.
True
The epiphyseal plates in long bones are examples of synchondroses. -True -False
True
The flat bones of the cranium form by intramembranous ossification.
True
The part of a lever from the fulcrum to the point of effort is called the effort arm. -True -False
True
The process of keratinization begins in the stratum granulosum.
True
The skin consists of different tissue types that perform specific activities and therefore is to be considered an organ.
True
The temporomandibular joint is the only mobile joint between skull bones.
True
The thin epidermis, lacking the stratum lucidum, contains only four strata and covers most of the body.
True
osteoblasts
What is the name of bone building cells?
osteocytes
What is the name of mature bone cells that maintain bone and do not produce new bone cells?
Papillary layer
Upper layer of the dermis; the top contains dermal papillae
Why might someone pale when they are exposed to a cold temperature?
Vasoconstriction has occurred
lateral flexion
Vertebral column moves laterally
Canaliculi
Very small tubes that connect lacunae to each other and the central canal
Which vitamin is required for the normal synthesis of collagen
Vitamin C
Which vitamin is required for the normal synthesis of collagen?
Vitamin C
Production of this vitamin requires skin exposure to the sun. This vitamin is crucial for regulation of calcium and phosphate.
Vitamin D
Rickets, a disease characterized by overproduction and deficient calcification of osteoid tissue, is caused by a lack of sufficient
Vitamin D.
Rickets, a disease characterized by overproduction and deficient calcification of osteoid tissue, it is caused by a lack of sufficient:
Vitamin D.
ABCDE rule
Way of detecting malignant melanoma
Rule of nines
Way of quickly assessing the extent to which a person is burned
Elastic Cartilage
Weblike mesh of elastic fibers; provides flexible, elastic support in outer ear and epiglottis; maintains shape while allowing for extensive flexibility
thoracic/sacral
What are the 2 primary concave curves of the spine?
epiphyseal plates
What area in the long bones is new cartilage formed and older cartilage calcifies to lengthen the long bones?
palatine
What bones form the back part of the hard palate?
Facial bones
What bones form the face and chambers for the sensory organs
parietal
What bones form the most of the top and sides of the skull?
clavicle/scapula
What bones make up the shoulder girdle?
a line
What forms at the ends of the bone after the epiphyseal plates harden?
harden
What happens to the epiphyseal plates when the bones have finished growing?
spongy
What is bone tissue that has more spaces than hard bone called?
yellow bone marrow
What is found in the long bone cavities?
shin bone
What is the common name for the tibia?
growth and repair
What is the function of the cells that the endosteum contain?
trochanter
What is the medical for a boney projection?
amphiarthrosis
What is the medical term for a slightly movable joint is?
hip
Where is the acetabulum located?
femor
Where is the greater trochanter found?
distal tibia/fibula
Where is the malleolus found?
gliding
Which type of joint has the least or smallest range of motion
Which sex tends to lose more bone mass with aging?
Women
facial
Wrinkles form from years of particular --- expressions
Jaundice
Yellow color to skin and mucus membranes; caused by bilirubin build-up
respiratory disease
Yellow nail syndrome occurs when growth and thickening of the nail slows or stops completely and can be a sign of ---- disease, such as chronic bronchitis
Suppose that you had a congenital condition that prevented your body from forming holocrine glands. If that were the case, which statement would be most accurate?
Your skin would become excessively dry for lack of oil from sebaceous glands.
Which bone forms by intramembranous ossification?
Zygomatic
Which list is in correct developmental order?
Zygote, blastocyst, embryo
The process of bone repair includes these steps: a: Fracture hematoma forms b: Bone is remodeled c: Fibrocartilaginous callus forms d: Bony callus forms The correct chronological order for these steps is
a - c - d - b
melonoma
a cancerous cell found in melanocytes and the most deadly (malignant)
squamous cell carcinoma
a cancerous cell found in the stratum spinosum
Basal cell carcinoma
a cancerous cell in stratum basal that is benign
When compared to the shoulder, the hip joint has a deeper bony socket and stronger supporting ligaments. a deeper bony socket but weaker supporting ligaments. a shallower bony socket and weaker supporting ligaments. a shallower bony socket but stronger supporting ligaments.
a deeper bony socket and stronger supporting ligaments.
When compared to the shoulder, the hip joint has:
a deeper bony socket and stronger supporting ligaments.
When compared to the shoulder, the hip joint has: a deeper bony socket and stronger supporting ligaments. a deeper bony socket but weaker supporting ligaments. a shallower bony socket and weaker supporting ligaments. a shallower bony socket but stronger supporting ligaments
a deeper bony socket and stronger supporting ligaments.
An exocrine gland has two parts:
a duct and a secretory portion.
nutrient artery
a large artery that enters compact bone near the middle of the diaphysis. Branches into proximal and distal portions which supply the blood to the inner layer of compact/spongy bone, and red marrow.
Osteoclast
a large multinucleate bone cell that absorbs bone tissue during growth and healing. clear up
Plasma is
a liquid ground substance containing dissolved proteins.
The glenohumeral joint exhibits a high degree of stability and a wide range of motion. a high degree of stability but a narrow range of motion. a low level of stability but a wide range of motion. a low level of stability and a narrow range of motion.
a low level of stability but a wide range of motion.
The glenohumeral joint exhibits: a high degree of stability and a wide range of motion. a high degree of stability but a narrow range of motion. a low level of stability but a wide range of motion. a low level of stability and a narrow range of motion
a low level of stability but a wide range of motion.
A skeletal muscle fiber is
a skeletal muscle cell.
Periosteum
a tough connective tissue membrane that covers the rest of the bone exterior
Among the components of the dermis are a: sweat glands b: hair follicles c: collagen fibers d: sensory nerve endings e: arrector pili muscles
a, b, c, d, e
Among the components of the dermis are: a: sweat glands b: hair follicles c: collagen fibers d: sensory nerve endings e: arrector pili muscles
a, b, c, d, e
Which of these are functions of hair? a: Sensory reception b: Heat retention c: Pheromone dispersal d: Protection e: Visual identification
a, b, c, d, e
Normally, skin color results from a combination of a: melanin b: hemoglobin c: bilirubin d: carotene
a, b, d
Normally, skin color results from a combination of: a: melanin b: hemoglobin c: bilirubin d: carotene
a, b, d
Which are applicable to the stratum corneum? a: Most superficial stratum b: Consists of about 3-5 cell layers c: Cells are dead d: Interlocking keratinized cells e: Cells are anucleate
a, c, d, e
Which of these comprise the nail plate? a: Free edge b: Nail folds c: Eponchyium d: Nail root e: Nail body
a, d, e
The process of bone repair includes these steps: a: Fracture hematoma forms b: Bone is remodeled c: Fibrocartilaginous callus forms d: Bony callus forms The correct chronological order for these steps is
a-c-d-b
What are the five strata (layers) of thick skin from deep to superficial
a. Stratum basal b. Stratum spinosum c. Stratum granulosum d. Stratum lucidum e. Stratum corneum
Differentiate between vasoconstriction and vasodilation in thermoregulation
a. Vasoconstriction- narrow less blood travel (cold) b. Vasodilation- more blood travel
Generally, people have ________ number of melanocytes ______________.
about the same, no matter where they live
Generally, people have ________ number of melanocytes ______________.
about the same; no matter where they live
Melanin
accumulates around the nucleus of the keratinocytes and shields the nuclear DNA from ultraviolet radiation
The fibrocartilage rim that deepens the hip socket is the coxal retinaculum. obturator membrane. acetabular labrum. glenoid labrum.
acetabular labrum.
The fibrocartilage rim that deepens the hip socket is the:
acetabular labrum.
The fibrocartilage rim that deepens the hip socket is the: coxal retinaculum. obturator membrane. acetabular labrum. glenoid labrum.
acetabular labrum.
The ligamentum teres of the hip extends from the ilium to the lesser trochanter of the femur. acetabulum to the head of the femur. pubis to the greater trocanter of the femur. iliac crest to the head of the femur. ischium to the intertrochanteric crest of the femur.
acetabulum to the head of the femur.
The ligamentum teres of the hip extends from the: ilium to the lesser trochanter of the femur. acetabulum to the head of the femur. pubis to the greater trocanter of the femur. iliac crest to the head of the femur. ischium to the intertrochanteric crest of the femur.
acetabulum to the head of the femur.
*Number 1 indicates a simple _____ gland.
acinar
anagen
active phase of hair (growing)
Sebum
acts as a lubricant to keep the skin and hair from becoming dry, brittle, and cracked, as well as possessing bactericidal properties
Movement of a body part toward the main axis of the body is called
adduction
Movement of a body part toward the main axis of the body is called: abduction. flexion. inversion. retraction. adduction.
adduction
Movement of a body part toward the main axis of the body is called abduction. flexion. inversion. retraction. adduction.
adduction.
Movement of a body part toward the main axis of the body is called:
adduction.
Fibronectin is an example of a(n)
adherent glycoprotein.
Fibronectin is an example of a(n)
adherent glycoprotein. glycosaminoglycan. proteoglycan.
EndoCHONdral ossification
all bones( long bones) below skull, except clavicle, upper and lower limbs, pelvis and vertebrae. it has a Cartilage step. 1. Fetal hyaline cartilage model is formed during pregnancy 2. cartilage begins to die and calcifies( fetal period) 3. Primary ossication cenetr forms where osteoblasts extend from periosteum ( fetal period) 4. Secondary ossification centers- forms at the epiphyses( occur around birth). Osteoclasts create medullary cavity. 5. Almost all cartilage is replaced by bone, except at the epiphyseal plate (child) 6. Epiphyseal plates ossify and form epiphyseal lines ( late teens and adults)
A tissue transplant from one person to another (one who is not genetically identical) is a(n)
allograft.
Short Bones
almost equal in length and width and contain a thick interior of spongy bone covered by a veneer of thin compact bone.
Thinning of the hair is called ________.
alopecia
thinning hair (hair growth haults)
alopecia
Eccrine Glands
also called sudoriferous glands, found through the body
cortical/dense bone
alternate term for compact bone
A slightly mobile joint is:
amphiarthrosis
Synovial fluid is -a watery fluid produced by hyaline cartilage. -an oily fluid produced by the synovial membrane. -a watery fluid produced by capsular ligaments. -an oily fluid produced by articular cartilage.
an oily fluid produced by the synovial membrane
Synovial fluid is a watery fluid produced by hyaline cartilage. an oily fluid produced by the synovial membrane. a watery fluid produced by capsular ligaments. an oily fluid produced by articular cartilage.
an oily fluid produced by the synovial membrane.
Synovial fluid is: a watery fluid produced by hyaline cartilage. an oily fluid produced by the synovial membrane. a watery fluid produced by capsular ligaments. an oily fluid produced by articular cartilage.
an oily fluid produced by the synovial membrane.
what are the three stages of hair growth
anagen catagen telogen
A movement that increases or decreases the angle between two bones is a(n) __________ motion. angular rotational eversion sliding
angular
A movement that increases or decreases the angle between two bones is a(n) __________ motion. angular rotational eversion sliding
angular
cutaneous membrane
another name for the skin
The mammary glands of the breasts are modified ______ sweat glands.
apocrine
The type of gland that secretes sweat into a hair follicle that is found in the axillary, anal, and genital regions is the ________ sweat gland.
apocrine
into hair follicle and go to surface, simple sweat (armpit, pubic)
apocrine
Bone growth in which the bone increases in diameter is called:
appositional growth
Bone growth in which the bone increases in diameter is called
appositional growth.
Gomphoses: contain fluid-filled joint cavities. are found only in tooth sockets. consist of sheets of hyaline cartilage. cover the tendons in the shoulder and coxal joints. are also called saddle joints
are found only in tooth sockets
Gomphoses -contain fluid-filled joint cavities. -are found only in tooth sockets. -consist of sheets of hyaline cartilage. -cover the tendons in the shoulder and coxal joints. -are also called saddle joints.
are found only in tooth sockets.
Gomphoses contain fluid-filled joint cavities. are found only in tooth sockets. consist of sheets of hyaline cartilage. cover the tendons in the shoulder and coxal joints. are also called saddle joints.
are found only in tooth sockets.
Nails
are scalelike modifications of the stratum corneum layer of the epidermis that form on the dorsal edges of the fingers and toes.
sesamoid bones
are small bones that develop in tendons for protection against wear and tear.
Metaphyses
areas in an adult bone where the epiphyses and diaphysis join
Which type of connective tissue is found in the papillary layer of the dermis and contains all of the cell types of connective tissue proper
areolar
loose connective tissue; gel-like matrix; all 3 fiber types; widely distributed under epithelia
areolar
what are loose connective tissue
areolar and reticular
synovial membranes are composed of what connective tissue
areolar connective tissue
The structure responsible for pulling on the follicle and causing "goose bumps" is the
arrector pili muscle.
The structure responsible for pulling on the follicle and causing "goose bumps" is the:
arrector pili muscle.
What is the smooth muscle that allows hair to stand erect?
arrector pilli
The repetitious compression/relaxation that occurs during exercise is vital for maintaining a healthy ____ ____ in a synovial joint.
articular cartilage
In the temporomandibular joint, a pad of fibrocartilage called the _________ divides the synovial cavity into two separate chambers. meniscus articular disc mandibular partition sphenomandibular ligament coronoid capsule
articular disc
In the temporomandibular joint, a pad of fibrocartilage called the _________ divides the synovial cavity into two separate chambers. meniscus articular disc mandibular partition sphenomandibular ligament coronoid capsule
articular disc
Shrinkage of tissue by a decrease in either cell number or cell size is termed
atrophy
decrease size of cells
atrophy
Shrinkage of tissue by a decrease in either cell number or cell size is termed
atrophy.
transmit signals away from the cell body
axons
Inability to circumduct
ball and socket replaced by hinge
The stratum basale attaches to an underlying _______ membrane that separates the epidermis from the adjacent dermis.
basement
interference of nail growth
beau's nails
With age, bones
become brittle.
With age, epithelial tissues
become thinner.
Sutures are joints that are found
between certain bones of the skull
Sutures are joints that are found: throughout the axial and appendicular skeletons. between all bones and teeth of the skull. between certain bones of the skull. only where a facial bone articulates with a cranial bone.
between certain bones of the skull
Sutures are joints that are found -throughout the axial and appendicular skeletons. -between all bones and teeth of the skull. -*between certain bones of the skull. -only where a facial bone articulates with a cranial bone.
between certain bones of the skull.
Sutures are joints that are found throughout the axial and appendicular skeletons. between all bones and teeth of the skull. between certain bones of the skull. only where a facial bone articulates with a cranial bone.
between certain bones of the skull.
Where are syndesmoses found?
between radius and ulna, between tibia and fibula
A joint in which the bone can move in two planes is said to be____________
biaxial
cyanosis
blue (decrease oxygen)
functions of bone
body movement, mineral storage, and protection
What type of connective tissue makes blood cells
bone
houses marrow, which produces blood cells
bone
Bone fracture: open ( compound)
bone breaks through the skin
Bone fracture: Complete
bone broken in 2 pieces
rickets
bone diseases due to less minerals. found in children. lack calcium or Vitamin D. Calcium phosphate because of the lack of the above.
osteoclasts
bone dissolving/ bone eating cells, by secreting hydrochloric acid and enzymes that dissolve the matrix
Bone fracture: closed ( simple)
bone doesnt break through skin
osteoblasts
bone forming cells
Osteoblast
bone forming cells; produce new bone matrix osteoid and remain trapped within it
Wolff's Law
bone grows or remodels in response to forces or demands placed upon it
appositional growth
bone growth in which the bone increases in diameter
distal epiphysis
bone tissue that is replaced more frequently than spongy tissue, the part of the femur that is more frequently replaced
Osteomalacia/rickets
bones become softer because of a vitamin D deficiency los of calcium and phosphorus
ostopernia
bones degrated more than deposited . in elderly 30s
beau's nails
chemotherapy or hypocarcemia
When exposed to ultraviolet light, keratinocytes convert a steroid precursor into ________, a molecule that is crucial for regulation of calcium levels.
cholecalciferol
When exposed to ultraviolet light, keratinocytes convert a steroid precursor into ________, a molecule that is crucial for regulation of calcium levels.
cholecalciferol {what @ calcitonin}
During appositional growth of cartilage, the cells that produce the matrix are the
chondroblasts.
When the distal end of limb makes a circular motion while the proximal end of limb stays stationary, such that the entire limbs movement defines an imaginary cone shape, the motion is known as
circumduction
Nail pitting
cirrhosis
The epiphyseal plates in the _____ are the last ones in the body to ossify.
clavicle
The epiphyseal plates in the _________ are the last ones in the body to ossify.
clavicle
What is the most abundant protein in the body, forming about 25% of all body protein?
collagen
Osteoporosis
collagen framework deposited minerals broken down faster than formed canals connecting osteocytes become wider weakening the bone more spongy porous bone
what are the three fibers
collagen, elastic, and reticular
transverse fracture
complete fracture that is straight across the bone at right angles to the long axis of the bone
Epiphyseal Line
completely ossified remnant of the epiphyseal plate
Skeletal System
components include bone, cartilage, ligaments, etc
Articular Cartilage
composed of hyaline cartilage, covers both epiphyses
lamellae
concentric rings of connective tissue
The metatarsophalangeal joints allow movement in teo planes and are classified as _______ joints.
condylar
The metatarsophalangeal joints allow movement in two planes and are classified as _________ joints. planar ball and socket condylar pivot hinge
condylar
The metatarsophalangeal joints allow movement in two planes and are classified as _________ joints. planar ball and socket condylar pivot hinge
condylar
clubbing
congestive heart disease or lung disease
Which of the primary tissue types is most widely distributed throughout the body
connective
Which primary tissue type would be represented by blood, body fat, ligaments and tendons, dermis of the skin, and the cartilage of some joints
connective tissue
athlete's foot
contagious; fungal infection
fetal skull
contain frontanelles : soft spots. skull is incomplete at birth . allow compression of bones during birth.
Nails are hard derivatives formed from the stratum ______ of the epidermis.
corneum
Sunless tanners
create a tanned, bronzed skin without UV light exposure and often contain the chemical dihydroxyacetone (DHA); however, sunless tanners offer no protection against UV rays.
A common knee injury is a torn ACL, which stands for anterior______ligament
cruciate
*The largest of the body membranes, commonly called the skin, is the _______ membrane.
cutaneous
Another name for the skin is the _________ membrane
cutaneous
Another name for the skin is the _________ membrane.
cutaneous
The zones found in an epiphyseal plate are a: Calcified cartilage b: Hypertrophic cartilage c: Ossification d: Resting cartilage e: Proliferating cartilage The correct order for these zones, beginning with the edge closest to the epiphysis and proceeding toward the diaphysis, is
d - e - b - a - c
Which is false regarding ligaments? a)Intracapsular ligaments are within the articular capsule. b)Ligaments are composed of dense regular connective tissue. c)Extrinsic ligaments are physically separate from the articular capsule. d)Intrinsic ligaments are thickenings of the articular cartilage. e)Extracapsular ligaments are outside the articular capsule.
d)Intrinsic ligaments are thickenings of the articular cartilage.
Which of these synovial joints does not have at least one rounded or convex surface? a)ball and socket b)condylar c)saddle d)plane e)pivot
d)plane
Flexion
decrease the angle between two bones
One of the main dangers of burns is
dehydration
One of the main dangers of burns is:
dehydration, as water can escape from the body
One of the main dangers of burns is
dehydration, as water can escape from the body.
transmit signals toward the cell body.
dendrites
Periosteum
dense fibrous membrane that covers the surface on a bone
Which type of connective tissue predominates in the deep portion of the dermis, where it lends strength to the skin
dense irregular
what two types of connective tissue can be found in the dermis of the skin?
dense irregular and areolar
what are dense connective tissue
dense irregular and dense regular
arranged collagen fibers; withstand tension in multiple directions; extensive blood supply; dermis, fibrous joint capsule
dense irregular connective tissue
The reticular layer of the dermis consists primarily of
dense irregular connective tissue.
The reticular layer of the dermis consists primarily of:
dense irregular connective tissue.
What type of connective tissue makes up tendons and ligaments?
dense regular
In fibrous joints, the articulating surfaces are held together by
dense regular connective tissue
primarily parallel collagen fibers; primarily fibroblast cells; tendons, ligaments; few blood vessels, long healing time
dense regular connective tissue
In fibrous joints, the articulating surfaces are held together by dense regular connective tissue. areolar connective tissue. dense irregular connective tissue. fibrocartilage. articular cartilage.
dense regular connective tissue.
In fibrous joints, the articulating surfaces are held together by:
dense regular connective tissue.
In fibrous joints, the articulating surfaces are held together by: dense regular connective tissue. areolar connective tissue. dense irregular connective tissue. fibrocartilage. articular cartilage
dense regular connective tissue.
____ is the inferior movement of a body part
depression
Blood capillaries that supply nourishment for the epidermis are located in the
dermal papillae.
Blood capillaries that supply nourishment for the epidermis are located in the:
dermal papillae.
When the body is too warm, dermal blood vessels will undergo _______ in order to increase heat loss.
dilation
Cancer
disease caused by uncontrolled cell growth (mitosis)
The knobby region of a long bone at the end that is farthest from the trunk is the
distal epiphysis.
irregular bones
do not easily fit into any category
age
doctors use epiphyseal plates and lines to determine what from x-rays?
Simple fracture
does not penetrate the skin
Involved part is desiccated and shriveled Usually due to extreme cold
dry gangrene
An exocrine gland has two parts
duct and secretory portions
abnormal tissue development
dysplasia
The epidermis derives from
ectoderm.
The epidermis derives from:
ectoderm.
The epithelial linings of the respiratory and digestive systems develop from the
ectoderm. endoderm. mesoderm. lumenoderm.
mechanical stress
effects osteoblasts and osteoclast activity
The part of a lever from the fulcrum to the point of effort is called the effort arm
effort arm
When considering leverage, the part of the bone from the muscle attachment to the joint would be the: fulcrum. effort arm. resistance arm.
effort arm
When considering leverage, the part of the bone from the muscle attachment to the joint would be the fulcrum. effort arm. resistance arm.
effort arm.
Collagen fibers impart tensile strength to our skin while ______ fibers allow for some stretch and contraction in the dermis during movement.
elastic
dense network, elastic fibers, flexible are
elastic cartilage
what cartilage is found in external ears, larynx)
elastic cartilage
- (long, thin) (stretch, recoil) form branching network
elastic fibers
The superior movement of the mandible while closing the mouth is an example of _______.
elevation
bone feature: Diaphysis
elongates shaft which provides leverage and weight support for long bone
The formation of bone from a cartilaginous model is termed
endochondral ossification.
The epithelial linings of the respiratory and digestive systems develop from the
endoderm.
the simple squamous epithelium that lines both blood vessels and lymph vessels
endothelium
Epiphyses
enlarged proximal and distal ends of long bones are called _________.
Cancer cells in the epidermis are attacked by
epidermal dendritic cells.
Cancer cells in the epidermis are attacked by:
epidermal dendritic cells.
Keratinized stratified squamous epithelium found where
epidermis
What are the 2 layers of the skin and what type of tissue makes up each layer
epidermis- stratified squamous dermis - dense irregular
what is a location of a synchondrosis
epiphyseal plate
Another name for the cuticle is the
eponychium
Another name for the cuticle is the:
eponychium
Another name for the cuticle is the
eponychium.
The deeper sublayer of the dermis is the ________ layer, and it is the _______ of the two.
eticular, thicker
The fixed point around which a lever rotates is the _______.
fulcrum
What is the greatest risk factor for skin cancer?
exposure to UV light rays
Hyperextension
extension beyond anatomical position
The steps in the process of endochondral ossification are a: Ossification center forms in the diaphysis. b: Cartilage calcifies and a bone collar forms. c: Ossification centers form in the epiphyses. d: Bone replaces cartilage. e: Epiphyseal plates ossify. f: Cartilage model develops. The correct chronological order for these steps is
f. - b. - a. - c. - d. - e.
(t/f) Mesenchyme is found only in the umbilical cord
false
When the body is cold and needs to conserve heat, the blood vessels in the dermis dilate to allow for more blood flow in that region.
false
pocrine sweat glands secrete sweat by having the apical portion of epithelial cells pinch off. (t/f)
false
In nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelial tissue, the cells in the superficial layers are dead. (t/f)
false cells are dead in keratinized cells
Yellow Marrow
fatty substance found inside the medullary cavity
Compared to the young, elderly individuals have _______ epidermal dendritic skin cells.
fewer
Flat cells with tapered ends that are the most abundant resident cells in connective tissue proper are known as
fibroblasts
what cartilage forms intervertebral dics, cushions bones in knee
fibrocartilage
what cartilage is (tough tissue) absorber for structures subjected to pressure
fibrocartilage
In response to severe injuries or burns, the body may repair itself by producing scar tissue to fill the damaged area. This process is called
fibrosis
In response to severe injuries or burns, the body may repair itself by producing scar tissue to fill the damaged area. This process is called _______.
fibrosis
gap filled w/ scar tissue (collagen produced) (functional activity not restored)
fibrosis
what layer of the synovial joint strengthens the joint to prevent the bones from being pulled apart
fibrous
The sagittal suture is a(n) cartilaginous joint. fibrous joint. synovial joint. synchondrosis. amphiarthrosis.
fibrous joint.
The sagittal suture is a(n):
fibrous joint.
The sagittal suture is a(n): cartilaginous joint. fibrous joint. synovial joint. synchondrosis. amphiarthrosis.
fibrous joint.
Structurally, a syndesmosis is a _______ joint; functionally, it is a ________.
fibrous, amphiarthrosis
Structurally, a syndesmosis is a _________ joint; functionally, it is a __________. cartilagenous, diarthrosis cartilagenous, amphiarthrosis fibrous, amphiarthrosis fibrous, synarthrosis ball and socket, pivot
fibrous, amphiarthrosis
Structurally, a syndesmosis is a _________ joint; functionally, it is a __________.
fibrous; amphiarthroses
Structurally, a syndesmosis is a _________ joint; functionally, it is a __________. -cartilagenous; diarthrosis -cartilagenous; amphiarthrosis -fibrous; amphiarthrosis -fibrous; synarthrosis -ball and socket; pivot
fibrous; amphiarthrosis
Structurally, a syndesmosis is a _________ joint; functionally, it is a __________. cartilagenous; diarthrosis cartilagenous; amphiarthrosis fibrous; amphiarthrosis fibrous; synarthrosis ball and socket; pivot
fibrous; amphiarthrosis
Thick skin contains:
five epidermal strata and lacks sebaceous glands
Thick skin contains
five epidermal strata and lacks sebaceous glands.
Flat bones
flat and contain a thin, spongy bone interior covered by a veneer of compact bone.
Intramembranous ossification
flat bones of the skull, zygomatic maxilla, mandible, clavicle. 1.cells differentiate into osteoprogenitor cells and then become osteoblasts. Ossification centers form. 2.Osteoid becomes calcified. Osteoblasts trapped within lacunae in the matrix, become osteocytes 3. Woven bone is formed. not strong, not orginized. 4. Woven bone is replaced by lamellar bone( spongy and compact bone)
In addition to its hinge function, when the knee is _______ it allows for some slight ________. flexed, circumduction flexed, rotation extended, supination extended, gliding
flexed, rotation
In addition to its hinge function, when the knee is _______ it allows for some slight ________. flexed; circumduction flexed; rotation extended; supination extended; gliding
flexed; rotation
When the arm is raised anteriorly, the movement at the shoulder is
flexion
When the arm is raised anteriorly, the movement at the shoulder is -extension. -flexion. -abduction. -adduction. -Rotation.
flexion
When the arm is raised anteriorly, the movement at the shoulder is: extension. flexion. abduction. adduction. rotation.
flexion
Clenching the fingers to make a fist, then relaxing and straightening them is an example of __________ followed by __________. flexion, extension extension, flexion adduction, abduction abduction, adduction extension, hyperextension
flexion, extension
When the arm is raised anteriorly, the movement at the shoulder is extension. flexion. abduction. adduction. rotation.
flexion.
Clenching the fingers to make a fist, then relaxing and straightening them, is an example of __________ followed by __________. flexion; extension extension; flexion adduction; abduction abduction; adduction extension; hyperextension
flexion; extension
osteoblasts/osteoclasts
for bone formation, bone tissue repair, and bone remodeling
Endochondral ossification
form of bone growth in which a cartilaginous model is replaced by bone.
flat bones of the cranium
formed by intramembranous ossification.
macrophage
formed from monocytes and serves to phagocytize damaged cells or pathogens
Spongy bone
forms diploe in the cranial bones.
red bone marrow
found in cancellous bone; site of hematopoiesis(blood cell formation)
mast cell
found in connective tissue proper and close to blood vessels, secretes heparin and histamine
Sebaceous Glands
found in the dermis, secretes oil (sebum)
red marrow
found within the cavity of spongy bone and produces blood cells.
comminuted fracture
fracture in which the bone is crushed
The term "diarthrosis" refers to a joint that is immobile. freely mobile. fused. slightly mobile. dislocated.
freely mobile.
The term diarthrosis refers to a joint that is:
freely mobile.
The term diarthrosis refers to a joint that is: immobile. freely mobile. fused. slightly mobile. dislocated
freely mobile.
Diarthrosis
freely movable joint
In the body, a joint serves as a ________ for a long bone. fulcrum lever effort arm resistor
fulcrum
In the body, a joint serves as a ________ for a long bone. fulcrum lever effort arm resistor
fulcrum
The fixed point around which a lever rotates is the _________. fulcrum condyle resistance node effort arm multiaxis
fulcrum
The fixed point around which a lever rotates is the fulcrum. condyle. resistance node. effort arm. multiaxis.
fulcrum.
osteon
functional unit of the bone
Ring worm
fungal infection; rash tends to look circular
Bacteria invade necrotic tissue (often muscle) Bacteria produce gas bubbles
gas gangrene
either individual cells or multicellular organs composed predominantly of epithelial tissue. They secrete substances either for use elsewhere in the body or for elimination from the body.
glands
Sebaceous
glands are holocrine glands that produce an oily, waxy secretion called sebum that is usually discharged onto a hair follicle.
Ceruminous
glands are modified sweat glands located only in the ear canal, where their secretion forms a waterproof earwax called cerumen
Sebaceous
glands are stimulated by hormones and become most active during puberty.
When protracting the jaw or making small side to side movements during chewing, the temporomandibular joint makes ________ movements. rotation gliding flexion extension circumduction
gliding
When protracting the jaw or making small side-to-side movements during chewing, the temporomandibular joint makes ________ movements. rotation gliding flexion extension circumduction
gliding
In general, the movements demonstrated at plane joints between the carpals are rotations. gliding movements. flexions and extensions. circumductions. pivots.
gliding movements.
In general, the movements demonstrated at plane joints between the carpals are: rotations. gliding movements. flexions and extensions. circumductions. pivots.
gliding movements.
what are the ground substances
glycosaminoglycans (gags), proteoglycans, adherent glycoproteins
Decreased tooth stability and resilience
gomphoses replaced by pivot
yellow bone marrow
gradually replaces red bone marrow in adult bones; functions as storage for fat tissue and is inactive in the formation of blood cells
Epiphyseal Plate
growth plate near the ends of long bones where osteoblast activity increases bone length
Which region of the hair contains actively mitotic cells
hair matrix
bone feature: Medullary Cavity
hallow space in dialysis that contains bone marrow. ( red blood marrow in kids and yellow in adults)
plantar flexion
heel is higher than toes
Dorsiflexion
heel is lower than toes
inorganic salts
helps bone resist compression
A tissue transplant from an animal to a human is a(n)
heterograft.
Hyaline cartilage contains a ______ percentage of water; cartilage cells reside in small spaces called ________.
high; lacunae
Bone is ____ and contains mainly ____ nerves.
highly vascularized, sensory
Bone is ________ and contains mainly ________ nerves.
highly vascularized; sensory
The elbow is a ______ joint.
hinge
The elbow is a _______ joint. plane hinge condyle saddle
hinge
The elbow is a _______ joint. plane hinge condyle saddle
hinge
When elevating the mandible to chew food, the temporomandibular joint functions as a _________ joint. pivot ball and socket hinge saddle
hinge
When elevating the mandible to chew food, the temporomandibular joint functions as a _________ joint. pivot ball and socket hinge saddle
hinge
The type of exocrine gland in which the entire cell disintegrates, liberating any accumulated products, is the __________ gland
holocrine
The type of exocrine gland in which the entire cell disintegrates, liberating any accumulated products, is the __________ gland.
holocrine
parathyroid hormone
hormone that has a significant effect on blood calcium levels in adults
endocrine glands secrete
hormones
Endocrine glands secrete
hormones.
shorter and less curved
how does the female coccyx differ from the male?
8
how many cranial bones are there?
hairiness, excessive hair growth
hursutism
3 major types of cartilage are
hyaline elastic fibrocartilage
(white, glass) found on ends of bone in joints, made of collagenous fibers, important for growth in bones
hyaline cartilage
Endochondral ossification begins with a(n) _________ model.
hyaline cartilage
The most common type of cartilage, named for its glassy appearance, is
hyaline cartilage
what cartilage is found in soft part of nose, supporting rings of respiratory passages
hyaline cartilage
The most common type of cartilage, named for its glassy appearance, is
hyaline cartilage.
If you move your head in such a way to look up at the ceiling, you are _________ your neck.
hyperextending
If you move your head in such a way to look up at the ceiling, you are _________ your neck. hyperextending rotating circumducting flexing elevating
hyperextending
If you move your head in such a way to look up at the ceiling, you are _________ your neck. hyperextending rotating circumducting flexing elevating
hyperextending
When the angle between articulating bones increases beyond the anatomic position, the movement is referred to as dislocation. supination. hyperextension. hyperflexion. hypertrophy.
hyperextension.
When the angle between articulating bones increases beyond the anatomical position, the movement is referred to as: dislocation. supination. hyperextension. hyperflexion. hypertrophy
hyperextension.
an increase in the number of cells in a tissue
hyperplasia
increase number of cells
hyperplasia
increase size of cells (fat cells)
hypertrophy
Strong reinforcement for the anterior aspect of the hip joint is provided by the Y-shaped iliofemoral ligament. pubofemoral ligament. ligament of the head of the femur. ischiofemoral ligament.
iliofemoral ligament.
Strong reinforcement for the anterior aspect of the hip joint is provided by the Y-shaped: iliofemoral ligament. pubofemoral ligament. ligament of the head of the femur. ischiofemoral ligament.
iliofemoral ligament.
osteonyelitis
imflammation of bone and bone marrow. common in long bones. cause by pus-forming bacteria- bacteria that enter body via wound. bone infection can accur right after surgery
A synarthrosis is always made of cartilage. a joint that has a capsule. a joint within a fetus that ossifies during early development. immobile. slightly mobile.
immobile.
A synarthrosis is: always made of cartilage. a joint that has a capsule. a joint within a fetus that ossifies during early development. immobile. slightly mobile.
immobile.
A synarthrosis is:
immoble.
Synarthrosis
immovable joint
Epidermal dendritic (Langerhans) cells function as part of the ______ response.
immune
Epiphyseal Plate
in growing bone, the metaphyses contain a layer of hyaline cartilage called the _______.
Where in the body would you find a glial cell
in nervous system
Apocrine Glands
in the pubic and underarm areas that secrete a thicker sweat
parrathyroid hormone
increase blood calcium levels by ecouraging bone resorption by osteoclasts ( PLAYS A ROLE IN REORBPTION)
appositional growth
increase diameter occur within the penostem ( keeps deposting more bones of the outside) osteoblasts( ADD BONE) produce and deposite bone matrix in layers parralel to surface lamellae. Osteoclasts resorb bone matrix and open the medullary cavity.
intestitial groeth
increase length occurs at the epiphyseal plate " growth plate. REQUIRED BY EPIPHYSEAL LINE 18yrs old for female and 21 years for male
extension
increase the angle between two bones
High blood calcium and exercise cause calcitonin release to
increase.
In the kidneys, parathyroid hormone acts to ________ production of calcitriol and to ________ excretion of calcium in urine.
increase; decrease
During development of synovial joints, the articular capsule forms from mesenchymal tissue that is laterally located. centrally located.
laterally located.
During development of synovial joints, the articular capsule forms from mesenchymal tissue that is: laterally located. centrally located
laterally located.
The internal feature of bone that makes it simultaneously strong and lightweight is the
lattice structure of spongy bone
The internal feature of bone that makes it simultaneously strong and lightweight is the
latticework structure of spongy bone.
Interstitial growth of cartilage increases its ______ and occurs in the _______ region of the cartilage
length; internal
Compared to the young, elderly individuals have _______ epidermal dendritic skin cells.
less
A fracture parallel to the long axis of the bone is a(n) ________ fracture.
linear
A fracture parallel to the long axis of the bone is a(n) _________ fracture.
linear
Serous membrane
lines cavities that are not open to the environment and contain organs; produces lubricating fluid
Mucus membrane
lines cavities that are open to the environment; produces mucus
Synovial membrane
lines joint cavities; produces lubricating fluid; made of connective tissues
endosteum
lines the medullary cavity with a connective tissue membrane
Drugs that are administered by skin patches tend to be _______ soluble molecules that are absorbed ________.
lipid, slowly
Drugs that are administered by skin patches tend to be _______ soluble molecules that are absorbed ________.
lipid; slowly
To trigger bone growth, growth hormone stimulates the
liver to produce somatomedin.
The bones of the fingers and toes (phalanges) are categorized as ____ bones.
long
The bones of the fingers and toes (phalanges) are categorized as _____ bones.
long
Long Bones
longer than they are wide, with a thick compact exterior
The articular capsule of the temporomandibular joint is exceptionally loose. tight.
loose
The articular capsule of the temporomandibular joint is exceptionally: loose. tight.
loose
With age, connective tissues
lose their pliability and resiliency.
Glucocorticoids increase bone ________; high levels of serotonin lead to _____ bone density.
loss; low
Parathyroid hormone release is triggered by _______ levels of calcium in the blood.
low
A synarthrotic joint would have high mobility and high stability. high mobility and low stability. low mobility and low stability. low mobility and high stability.
low mobility and high stability.
A synarthrotic joint would have:
low mobility and high stability.
Sebum is a secretion that:
lubricates skin and helps defend against bacteria
Sebum is a secretion that
lubricates skin and helps defend against bacteria.
Cerumen is a secretion that
lubricates the ear canal and traps debris before it reaches the eardrum.
Cerumen is a secretion that:
lubricates the ear canal and traps debris before it reaches the eardrum.
The stratum _______ is found only in thick skin, such as the skin covering the palms and soles
lucidum
Which cell type, found in connective tissue proper, is formed from monocytes and serves to phagocytize damaged cells or pathogens?
macrophage
The two types of leukocytes that clean up debris underneath the blood clot of a wound are
macrophages and neutrophils.
The two types of leukocytes that clean up debris underneath the blood clot of a wound are:
macrophages and neutrophils.
Hereditary defect in elastin fibers
marfan syndrome
Which cell type, found in connective tissue proper and close to blood vessels, secretes heparin and histamine?
mast cell
Hair production involves a specialized type of keratinization that occurs in the hair ______.
matrix
Osteoid
matrix produced by osteoblasts, but not yet calcified to form bone
Osteocyte
mature bone cell
osteocytes
mature bone cells found between lamellae
catagen
maximum growth of hair and hair is easily pulled
Freckles are the result of
melanocyte activity, genetic inheritance, and sun exposure.
Freckles are the result of:
melanocyte activity, genetic inheritance, and sun exposure.
sweat directly on skin and has no ducts
merocrine
if a person were unable to form saliva, what type of gland could be missing or malfunctioning
merocrine gland
During development, tissue called__________differentiates to form the CT of cartilagenous and fibrous joints
mesenchyme
What type of embryonic tissue forms all connective tissue
mesenchyme
Which is the first type of connective tissue to form in the embryo and the source of all other adult connective tissues
mesenchyme
When bone forms by intramembranous ossification, the ossification centers are within
mesenchyme.
All connective tissue is formed from which embryonic germ layer?
mesoderm
The dermis is derived from the germ layer known as
mesoderm
The dermis is derived from the germ layer known as _________.
mesoderm
simple squamous epithelium that forms the serous membranes of body cavities
mesothelium
The general name given to the phenomenon that occurs when a mature epithelium changes to a different form is
metaplasia
changes epithelium to a diff form
metaplasia
The general name given to the phenomenon that occurs when a mature epithelium changes to a different form is
metaplasia.
What part(s) of the body has thick skin?
palms and soles
Microscopic folds that extend from the apical surface of certain epithelia to increase the surface area for absorption and secretion are called
microvilli
what microscopic folds increase the surface area for absorption and secretion
microvilli
Microscopic folds that extend from the apical surface of certain epithelia to increase the surface area for absorption and secretion are called
microvilli.
hydroxyapatites
minerals deposits made of calcium and phosphate
Skin cancer is the _______ type of cancer, and due to sun exposure it occurs most frequently on the __________.
most common, head and neck
Osteosarcoma
most common, malignant tumor of the long bone
Skin cancer is the _______ type of cancer, and due to sun exposure it occurs most frequently on the __________.
most common; head and neck
The type of membrane that prevents desiccation, provides lubrication, and traps bacteria and foreign particles is
mucous
The type of membrane that prevents desiccation, provides lubrication, and traps bacteria and foreign particles is
mucous.
When mucin mixes with water, it becomes
mucus.
stem cell that has red or white blood cell; can only form blood cell (bone marrow)
multipotent
what stem cells are classified as adult
multipotent and uniport
The cells that contract and squeeze sweat glands causing them to discharge their accumulated secretions are called __________ cells.
myoepithelial
Calcium
necessary for transmitting nerve impulses, muscle contraction, secretion by glands and nerve cells, cell division
Areas where adult males tend to accumulate subcutaneous fat include the
neck, abdomen, and buttocks.
Areas where adult males tend to accumulate subcutaneous fat include the:
neck, abdomen, and buttocks.
death to cells due to low blood supply
necrosis
tissue death is
necrosis
When hyperplasia proceeds out of control, a tumor may develop. This condition is termed
neoplasia
tissue growth out of control (cancerous)
neoplasia
When hyperplasia proceeds out of control, a tumor may develop. This condition is termed
neoplasia.
The two types of cells that make up the nervous system
neurons and gilial cells
The two types of cells that make up the nervous system are
neurons and glial cells
A ______, also called a mole, is a harmless, localized overgrowth of melanin-forming cells.
nevus
Bone fracture: incomplete
not fully extend across bone
oblique fracture
occurs at an angle across the bone
Fibrosis
occurs when regeneration is not possible due to severe injury or burns; the body fills in the gap with scar tissue composed primarily of collagen fibers and organ function is not restored.
Synovial fluid is
oily fluid produced by the synovial membrane
The elbow contains _____ articular capsule(s). one two three
one
The elbow contains _____ articular capsule(s). one two three
one
greenstick fracture
one bone is broken, other side is bent
greenstick fracture
one side breaks, the other bends (common in children)
exocrine glands secrete
onto free surface; connected to surface by ducts sweat glands, mammary glands, salivary glands
Nutrient Foramen
opening through which the nutrient artery enters.
Humans are able to grasp objects between the thumb and fingers due to a special joint movement called ____
opposition
Carotene
orange yellow pigment that build up in epidermal cells found in carrots and other orange, deep yellow, vegetables
The hypodermis is rich in adipose, and thus its functions include
organ protection, energy storage, and thermal insulation.
The hypodermis is rich in adipose, and thus its functions include:
organ protection, energy storage, and thermal insulation.
Osteoid is the
organic part of the bone matrix that gives it tensile strength.
Common, wear-and-tear arthritis in which repeated use of a joint gradually wears down the articular cartilage, is known as:
osteoarthritis
Common, wear-and-tear arthritis in which repeated use of a joint gradually wears down the articular cartilage, is known as: gout. osteoarthritis. rheumatoid arthritis. osteopenia. articular porosis
osteoarthritis
Common, wear-and-tear arthritis, in which repeated use of a joint gradually wears down the articular cartilage, is known as
osteoarthritis
Common, wear-and-tear arthritis, in which repeated use of a joint gradually wears down the articular cartilage, is known as -gout. -osteoarthritis. -rheumatoid arthritis. -osteopenia. -articular porosis.
osteoarthritis.
Common, wear-and-tear arthritis, in which repeated use of a joint gradually wears down the articular cartilage, is known as gout. osteoarthritis. rheumatoid arthritis. osteopenia. articular porosis.
osteoarthritis.
As the bone matrix calcifies and the secreting cells become walled in,
osteoblasts become osteocytes.
Bone cells called __________ break down bone by secreting hydrochloric acid and enzymes that dissolve the matrix.
osteoclasts
Mechanical stress of bones, such as that caused by weight lifting, is detected by
osteocytes, which then communicate to osteoblasts to increase synthesis of osteoid.
What unit of bone consists of a central canal (containing blood vessels, nerves, and lymph vessels) surrounded by concentric rings of calcified matrix?
osteon
bone feature: Pweiosteum
outer surface of the bone. Contains 2 layers: Fibrous layer= outer layer and protects the bone and Cellular layer= inner layer and contains bone cells
The epidermal ridges and dermal ________ increase the area of contact between the epidermis and dermis to help connect these layers.
papillae
What are the two layers of the dermis and what tissue type is found in each
papillary- areolar reticular - dense irregular
To speed healing from surgery, incisions should be placed ________ to lines of cleavage.
parallel
what serous membrane lines body cavity
parietal
At the knee, a bone called the_________ is embedded w/in the tendon of the quadriceps femoris muscle
patella
In addition to the joint between the tibia and the femur, the knee contains a joint between the fibula and the femur. patella and the fibula. patella and the femur. patella and the tibia.
patella and the femur.
In addition to the joint between the tibia and the femur, the knee contains a joint between the: fibula and the femur. patella and the fibula. patella and the femur. patella and the tibia.
patella and the femur.
The break of a bone that has been weakened by disease is a ______ fracture; when a broken end of the bone pierces the skin, the fracture is ____.
pathologic, compound.
The break of a bone that has been weakened by disease is a ________fracture; when a broken end of the bone pierces the skin, the fracture is ________.
pathologic; compound
Compound fracture
penetrates the skin
The periosteum is anchored to the bone by collagen fibers called _____ fibers.
perforating
What type of connective tissue forms the covering of bones or cartilages?
perichondrium
Early in the development of skin, ectoderm becomes:
periderm and mesoderm becomes mesenchyme
Early in the development of skin, ectoderm becomes
periderm and mesoderm becomes mesenchyme.
In a gomphosis, a tooth is held in place by fibrous structures known as periodontal membrane
periodontal
In serving their roles as gatekeepers, epithelial tissues demonstrate selective
permeability
Bone fracture: transverse
perpendicular to the long axis of bone ( cut bone across)
The joint formed by the axis and atlas that permits the "no" shaking of the head is a _____ joint.
pivot
The joint formed by the axis and atlas that permits the "no" shaking of the head is a _____ joint. condylar hinge plane pivot saddle
pivot
The joint formed by the axis and atlas that permits the "no" shaking of the head is a _____ joint. condylar hinge plane pivot saddle
pivot
The ________ joint is the simplest synovial joint and also the least mobile synovial joint. pivot plane hinge saddle suture
plane
The ________ joint is the simplest synovial joint and also the least mobile synovial joint. pivot plane hinge saddle suture
plane
Which connective tissue cells produce antibodies?
plasma cells
Intramembranous ossification
process by which bone forms directly from mesenchymal (fibrous connective) tissue
Severe injuries and burns to the skin result in scars that are
produced by fibroblasts and made mainly of collagen.
Severe injuries and burns to the skin result in scars that are:
produced by fibroblasts and made mainly of collagen.
Some bone interiors contain hemopoietic tissue, which functions in
producing blood cells.
Hormone : Calcitonin
promote calcium deposirtion in bone n inhibits osteoclasts activity . realse by thyroid ( PLAYS A ROLE IN MINERALIZATION)
The function of melanin in the skin is to
protect against UV light
The function of melanin in the skin is to
protect against UV light.
The function of melanin in the skin is to:
protect against UV light.
Flat bones
protect underlying soft tissue and may be slightly curved.
Leukocytes
protects against infectious agents
In connective tissue, the extracellular matrix consists of
protein fibers and ground substance
In connective tissue, the extracellular matrix consists of
protein fibers and ground substance.
A large molecule made up of a glycosaminoglycan linked to a protein is known as a
proteoglycan
The tissue in which all cells contact the basement membrane, even though some appear (at first glance) to be stacked on top of others, is called ___________ columnar epithelium
pseudostratified
The main ligament supporting the lateral aspect of the elbow is the radial collateral ligament. lateral cruciate ligament. annular ligament. ulnar collateral ligament. ulnar condylar ligament.
radial collateral ligament.
The main ligament supporting the lateral aspect of the elbow is the: radial collateral ligament. lateral cruciate ligament. annular ligament. ulnar collateral ligament. ulnar condylar ligament.
radial collateral ligament.
spiral fracture
ragged break occurs when excessive twisting forces are applied to a bone
osteoporosis
reduce in bones mass that compromises normal function . bones weaken and are prone to fracture. causes: sex hormones, smoking, exercise, low calcium intake ( no osteoclasts, a lot of osteoblasts)
Replacement of dead and damaged cells with the same types of cells is called
regeneration
replacement of damaged or dead cells (restore organ function)
regeneration
bone feature: Metaphysis
region between the diaphysis and epiphysis. contains the epiphyseal plate and the epiphyseal line
metaphysis
region of a growing bone that contains the epiphyseal plate
Connective tissue proper is divided into two broad categories: loose connective tissue and dense connective tissue. This classification is based upon the
relative proportions of cells, fibers, and ground substance present.
Bone remodleing
renewd itself ( 20% new yearly). balance between mineralization and reaorption( when osteoclasts eat up bones). if imbalance= diseases occur . depend on hormones, mechanicle stress to bone
If a heavy load is at one end of a lever, the distance between the fulcrum and that load is called the: effort arm. resistance arm. lever length.
resistance arm
If a heavy load is at one end of a lever, the distance between the fulcrum and that load is called the effort arm. resistance arm. lever length.
resistance arm.
If a heavy load is at one end of a lever, the distance between the fulcrum and that load is called the:
resistance arm.
Pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium is found lining
respiratory system
telogen
resting phase of hair (hair sheds)
What part of the dermis forms stretch marks
reticular
The deeper sublayer of the dermis is the ________ layer, and it is the _______ of the two.
reticular and deeper
loose connective tissue that contains a meshwork of reticular fibers, fibroblasts, and leukocytes forms the stoma (structural framework) of many lymphatic organs such as spleen, thymus, lymph nodes, and bone marrow
reticular connective tissue
(short, fine) form delicate network, form basement and stroma
reticular fibers
Which type of connective tissue protein fiber forms a meshlike framework that provides structural support within many organs
reticular fibers
The deeper sublayer of the dermis is the ________ layer, and it is the _______ of the two.
reticular, thicker
Bone fracture: linear
runs along the long axis of the bone ( sagittal)
(collagen deficient) caused by vitamin C deficiency
scurvy
Sudoriferous glands and ______ glands are examples of exocrine glands in the skin
sebaceous
what secretion makes oil
sebaceous gland
. lubricates skin and helps defend against bacteria
sebum
Sebaceous glands discharge an oily, waxy secretion called _______.
sebum
Our calf muscles contract to cause plantar flexion, resembling the lever system of a wheelbarrow. Therefore, it is a _______ -class lever. first second third
second
The way that our calf muscles contract to cause plantarflexion resembles the lever system of a wheelbarrow; it is a _______ class lever. first second third
second
The primary role of epithelial tissue in the stomach is
secretion of substances for chemical digestion.
Diaphysis
shaft of a long bone
The part of the hair that extends beyond the skin surface is called the
shaft.
The part of the hair that extends beyond the skin surface is called the:
shaft.
The bones of the wrist are classified as _____ bones.
short
The acromioclavicular joint is part of the: sternum. shoulder. elbow. neck. cranium.
shoulder
The acromioclavicular joint is part of the sternum. shoulder. elbow. neck. cranium.
shoulder.
The acromioclavicular joint is part of the:
shoulder.
The walls of kidney tubules are formed by _____________ epithelium, which functions in resorbing materials filtered from blood plasma such as nutrients, ions, and water.
simple cuboidal
which functions in resorbing materials filtered from blood plasma such as nutrients, ions, and water.
simple cuboidal
A _____________ epithelium consists of a single layer of flattened cells attached directly to a basement membrane.
simple squamous
The lining of the air sacs in the lungs (alveoli) is comprised of what epithelium
simple squamous
Mitosis occurs in what two layers of the epidermis
stratum basal and spinosum
Sweat and sebaceous glands develop from the
stratum basale of epidermis
Sweat and sebaceous glands develop from the
stratum basale of the epidermis.
Sweat and sebaceous glands develop from the:
stratum basale of the epidermis.
Which strata is not found in thin skin
stratum lucidum
The coracoclavicular ligament is a _____ ligament that connects the clavicle to part of the _____.
strong, scapula
The coracoclavicular ligament is a ______ ligament that connects the clavicle to part of the _______. strong, scapula strong, sternum weak, scapula weak, sternum
strong, scapula
The coracoclavicular ligament is a ______ ligament that connects the clavicle to part of the _______. strong; scapula strong; sternum weak; scapula weak; sternum
strong; scapula
Osteon
structural cylinder shaped unit of compact bone
Rotation of the forearm so as to direct the palm anteriorly (as in anatomic position) is called
supination
Rotation of the forearm so as to direct the palm anteriorly (as in anatomic position) is called: abduction. pronation. eversion. supination. protraction.
supination
If you were to reach out your hand to receive a set of keys from someone, what movements of your forearm and hand would be involved?
supination and extension
Rotation of the forearm so as to direct the palm anteriorly (as in anatomic position) is called abduction. pronation. eversion. supination. protraction.
supination.
Rotation of the forearm so as to direct the palm anteriorly (as in anatomic position) is called:
supination.
The immobile joint between the bones of the skull is called a _____.
suture
Decrease in nervous system protection
sutures replaces by plane joints
Apocrine
sweat glands become active beginning around puberty.
Sweat gland secretion occurs in response to stimulation by the _______ division of the nervous system.
sympethetic
Decreased spinal mobility
symphyses replaced by synostoses
fibrocartilage of a ____ resists compression and acts as a shock absorber
symphysis
In terms of mobility, synchondroses are classified as
synarthroses
Functionally, a gomphosis is categorized as a cartilagenous joint. diarthrosis. synarthrosis. synovial joint.
synarthrosis.
Mucous connective tissue is found only in
the umbilical cord
Functionally, a gomphosis is categorized as a: cartilagenous joint. diarthrosis. synarthrosis. synovial joint
synarthrosis.
An articulation in which bones are joined by hyaline cartilage is called
synchondrosis
In a young person, the joint between the sphenoid bone and the occipital bone is a suture. synchondrosis. syndesmosis. symphysis. gomphosis.
synchondrosis.
In a young person, the joint between the sphenoid bone and the occipital bone is a: suture. synchondrosis. syndesmosis. symphysis. gomphosis
synchondrosis.
Which of the following are joints in which articulating bones are joined by long strands of dense regular connective tissue?
syndesmoses
Which of the following fibrous joints allows for slight movement, and the articulating bones are joined by long strands of dense regular connective tissue?
syndesmoses
inability to pronate or supinate
syndesmoses replaced by synostoses
The interosseous membrane between the radius and the ulna is an example of a:
syndesmosis
The interosseous membrane between the radius and the ulna is an example of a synchondrosis. suture. synostosis. synarthrosis. syndesmosis.
syndesmosis.
The interosseous membrane between the radius and the ulna is an example of a: synchondrosis. suture. synostosis. synarthrosis. syndesmosis.
syndesmosis.
Unfused os coxa resulting in separated ilia, pubis, and ischia in adulthood
synostoses replaced by synchondroses
In an older adult, the tissue in a suture may become completely ossified, fusing the skull bones together. This type of suture is called a
synostosis
*The type of membrane that lines many of the body's joints is a _________ membrane.
synovial
. The type of membrane that lines many of the body's joints is a _________ membrane
synovial
The lining of an articular capsule is called the________ membrane
synovial
what nourishes the chondrocytes of the articular cartilage in a synovial joint?
synovial fluid
An articular capsule is present in fibrous joints. fibrous joints and cartilaginous joints. synovial joints. fibrous joints and synovial joints. all joints.
synovial joints.
An articular capsule is present in:
synovial joints.
An articular capsule is present in: fibrous joints. fibrous joints and cartilaginous joints. synovial joints. fibrous joints and synovial joints. all joints.
synovial joints.
A joint capsule has an inner layer called the _____
synovial membrane
Increase in respiratory difficulty
synovial rib attachments replaced by syndesmoses
what are the 4 body membranes
synovial, cutaneous, serous, mucous
The deltoid ligament, lateral ligament, and tibiofibular ligaments belong to the ________ joint. tarsometatarsal talocrural humeroradial knee fibulometatarsal
talocrural
The deltoid ligament, lateral ligament, and tibiofibular ligaments belong to the ________ joint. tarsometatarsal talocrural humeroradial knee fibulometatarsal
talocrural
composed of dense regular connective tissue and connect muscles to bones
tendons
Which type of hair forms the beard on the faces of males?
terminal
Mucous connective tissue is found only in
the umbilical cord.
vomer
the bone that forms the lower part of the nasal septum and is shaped like a plow is ?
Clavicle
the bones located between the sternum and scapula-(also called the collar bone)
Vertebrae
the bones that enclose and protect the spinal cord are called?
Cranial bones
the bones that enclose the brain, Houses the ears and forms part of the eye socket are the ?
Ribs
the bones that enclose the organs of the thorax are?
In a first class lever:
the fulcrum is in the middle, between the effort and the resistance.
In a first class lever: the fulcrum is in the middle, between the effort and the resistance. the resistance is between the fulcrum and the effort. the effort is between the resistance and the fulcrum. there is no effort arm.
the fulcrum is in the middle, between the effort and the resistance.
In a first-class lever the fulcrum is in the middle, between the effort and the resistance. the resistance is between the fulcrum and the effort. the effort is between the resistance and the fulcrum. there is no effort arm.
the fulcrum is in the middle, between the effort and the resistance.
While most of the cells in a hair are dead, the living epithelial cells are found in:
the hair bulb
While most of the cells in a hair are dead, the living epithelial cells are found in
the hair bulb.
Medullary Cavity
the hallow center of the bony diaphysis
Diaphysis
the middle shaft area of long bones.
Radius
the name of the Lateral bone of the forearm?
Fibula
the non-weight bearing Lateral bone of the leg
Lines of cleavage are a result of
the orientation of collagen fibers in the dermis.
Lines of cleavage are a result of:
the orientation of collagen fibers in the dermis.
What part of the body is not covered by hair
thick skin
skin that contains five epidermal strata and lacks sebaceous glands.
thick skin
Stress fracture
thin break caused by repetitive loads (running)
Compared to a young adult, an older individual has ________ skin.
thinner
When considering joints in the human body, the most common lever type is the first-class lever. second-class lever. third-class lever.
third-class lever.
When considering joints in the human body, the most common lever type is the: first-class lever. second-class lever. third-class lever.
third-class lever.
The patellar ligament attaches the patella to the: femur. quadriceps muscle. fibula. tibia. hamstring muscles.
tibia
The patellar ligament attaches the patella to the femur. quadriceps muscle. fibula. tibia. hamstring muscles.
tibia.
The patellar ligament attaches the patella to the:
tibia.
Groups of similar cells and extracellular products that carry out a common function are called
tissues.
(most potent) stem cell Accessory structure of embryo (placenta and amniotic sac) formed from zygote, stem cells with the ability to differentiate into any cell type within an organism
totipotent
what stem cells are classified as embryonic
totipotent and pluripotent
Tactile (Merkel) cells are sensitive to:
touch
Tactile (Merkel) cells are sensitive to
touch.
The type of epithelium that lines the urinary bladder and may include some binucleated cells is called ____________ epithelium.
transitional
Axons
transmit signals AWAYfrom the cell body.
Dendrites
transmit signals TOWARD the cell body.
Dendrites
transmit signals toward the cell body.
erythrocytes
transports respiratory gases
All muscle tissue develops from mesoderm t/f)
true
Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) are polysaccharides (t/f)
true
Many connective tissues play a role in immune protection (t/f)
true
Nails, hair, and sweat and sebaceous glands are all derived from the epidermis
true
7 pairs
true ribs rib's are attached to the sternum individually, how many does each person have?
*Number 2 indicates a compound _____ gland.
tubular
The joint movement called eversion involves
turning the sole of the foot laterally
The joint movement called eversion involves lateral rotation of the coxal joint. medial rotation of the coxal joint. turning the sole of the foot laterally. turning the palm of the hand laterally. turning the palm of the hand or sole of the foot laterally.
turning the sole of the foot laterally.
The joint movement called eversion involves:
turning the sole of the foot laterally.
The joint movement called eversion involves: lateral rotation of the coxal joint. medial rotation of the coxal joint. turning the sole of the foot laterally. turning the palm of the hand laterally. turning the palm of the hand or sole of the foot laterally.
turning the sole of the foot laterally.
Based on its range of motion, the elbow is classified as a(n) __________ joint.
uniaxial
Based on its range of motion, the elbow is classified as a(n) __________ joint. multiaxial gliding uniaxial biaxial ellipsoid
uniaxial
Based on its range of motion, the elbow is classified as a(n) __________ joint. multiaxial gliding uniaxial biaxial ellipsoid
uniaxial
Based on its range of motion, the elbow is classified as a(n)_______ joint.
uniaxial
Where can we find transitional epithelium
urinary tract
Which of the following is lined by nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelium
vagina, esophagus, pharynx, oral cavity
Granulation tissue is
vascular connective tissue.
Granulation tissue is:
vascular connective tissue.
Why might someone pale when they are exposed to a cold temperature?
vasoconstriction
When the body is too warm, dermal blood vessels will undergo _______ in order to increase heat loss.
vasodilation
Fine hair called _________, which is unpigmented or lightly pigmented, is the primary human hair and is found on the upper and lower limbs.
vellus
fine hair (upper & lower limbs)
vellus
*The heart is confined within a double-walled serous membrane sac. The part of the membrane that is in contact with the heart is the _____ layer.
visceral
what serous membrane lines organs
visceral
Within the body, carotene is converted to
vitamin A, which is important for visual function.
Within the body, carotene is converted to:
vitamin A, which is important for visual function.
Production of this vitamin requires skin exposure to the sun. This vitamin is crucial for regulation of calcium and phosphate.
vitamin D
what is secreted by glands
waste products, mucin, hormones, enzymes
The glenohumeral ligaments are: strong and distinct. weak and indistinct
weak and indistinct
The glenohumeral ligament are:
weak and indistinct.
The glenohumeral ligaments are strong and distinct. weak and indistinct.
weak and indistinct.
mechanical stress
weight beang movement n excersie. bone strenth increase. osteocytes detects stress, osteoblasts increase bone synthsis. EX gymnastic ppl, space ppl
Caused by bacterial infection of tissues with lost blood supply Ruptured dying cells release fluid, allows bacteria to flourish
wet gangrene
ossicles
what bones transmit sound waves in the inner ear
spongy bone
what type of bone is found in the center of some bones?
long bones
what type of bones are fingers and toes?
red bone marrow
what type of tissue is found at the ends of long bones and in the center of other bones?
growth
what word best describes the function of epiphyseal plates?
Hemoglobin (Blood supply)
when bound to oxygen, is bright red which-is noticed in light-skinned individuals
women
which sex tends to lose more bone mass with aging?
which fat stores energy, acts as insulator, cushions
white
two kinds of fats found in the body?
white and brown fats
pallor
white, decreased blood flow
The sternoclavicular joint is a saddle joint with a ______ range of movement.
wide
The sternoclavicular joint is a saddle joint with a _______ range of movement. wide narrow
wide
The sternoclavicular joint is a saddle joint with a _______ range of movement. wide narrow
wide
carotene
yellow (vitamin a)
Severe anemia may trigger an adaptive conversion of
yellow marrow to red marrow.
juandis
yellow skin color
