A&P Chapter 9-3
ball and socket joints
all combinations of angular and rotational movements, including circumduction.
monaxial
an articulation that permits movement along only one axis
pivot joints
are monaxial, but they permit only roation
gliding joints
articular surfaces slide across one another, but the amount of movement is slight.
dorsiflexion
as flexion at the ankle joint and elevation of the sole, as when you dig in your heel
angular motion
based on reference to an individual in the atomical position
saddle joints
or sellaris joints, permits angular motion, including circumduction, but prevents rotation
supination
palm is turned anteriorly
triaxial
permit a combination of angular movement and rotation
hinge joints
permit angular motion in a single plane
flexion and extension
there terms are usually applied to the movements of the long bones of the limbs and also used to describe movements of the axial skeleton
ellipsoid joint
(hands) condylar joint, angular motion occurs in two planes: along or across the length of the oval
opposition
is movement of the thumb toward the surface of the palm or the pads of other fingers
protraction
entails a par tof the body anteriorly in the horizontal plane
plantar flexion
entends the ankle joint and elevates the hell, and when you stand on the tiptoe
hyperextension
extension past the anatomical position
linear motion
gliding, two opposing surfaces slide past one another, as in possible movement. occurs between surfaces of articulating carpal bones, and between tarsal bones, and between the clavicles and the sternum
biaxial
if movement can occur along two axes.
special movements
inversion, eversion, dorsiflexion, plantar flexion, opposition, protraction, retraction, elevation, depression, lateral flexion
nonaxial
joints that permit gliding allow ony small amounts of movement
abduction
movement away from the longitdinal axis of the body in the frontal plane
flexion
movement in the anterior-posterior plane that reduces the angle between the articulating elements
linear motion, angular motion, and rotation
movements at synovial joints
adduction
moving back to the anatomical position
elevation and depression
occur when a structure moves in a superior or inferior direction
extension
occurs in the anterior-posterior plane, but it increases the angle between articulating elements
lateral flexion
occurs when the vertebral column bends to the side
eversion
opposite of inversion, turns the sole outward
circumduction
special type of angular motion. Moving your arm in a loop would be an example.
pronation
turns the wrist and hand from palm facing front to palm facing back
inversion
twisting motion of the foot that turns the sole inward, elevating the medial edge of the sole.
flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, and circumduction
types of angular motion
gliding joints, hinge joints, pivot joints, ellipsoid joints, saddle joints, and ball and socket joints
types of synovial joints