A&P Chapter 9-3

ball and socket joints

all combinations of angular and rotational movements, including circumduction.

monaxial

an articulation that permits movement along only one axis

pivot joints

are monaxial, but they permit only roation

gliding joints

articular surfaces slide across one another, but the amount of movement is slight.

dorsiflexion

as flexion at the ankle joint and elevation of the sole, as when you dig in your heel

angular motion

based on reference to an individual in the atomical position

saddle joints

or sellaris joints, permits angular motion, including circumduction, but prevents rotation

supination

palm is turned anteriorly

triaxial

permit a combination of angular movement and rotation

hinge joints

permit angular motion in a single plane

flexion and extension

there terms are usually applied to the movements of the long bones of the limbs and also used to describe movements of the axial skeleton

ellipsoid joint

(hands) condylar joint, angular motion occurs in two planes: along or across the length of the oval

opposition

is movement of the thumb toward the surface of the palm or the pads of other fingers

protraction

entails a par tof the body anteriorly in the horizontal plane

plantar flexion

entends the ankle joint and elevates the hell, and when you stand on the tiptoe

hyperextension

extension past the anatomical position

linear motion

gliding, two opposing surfaces slide past one another, as in possible movement. occurs between surfaces of articulating carpal bones, and between tarsal bones, and between the clavicles and the sternum

biaxial

if movement can occur along two axes.

special movements

inversion, eversion, dorsiflexion, plantar flexion, opposition, protraction, retraction, elevation, depression, lateral flexion

nonaxial

joints that permit gliding allow ony small amounts of movement

abduction

movement away from the longitdinal axis of the body in the frontal plane

flexion

movement in the anterior-posterior plane that reduces the angle between the articulating elements

linear motion, angular motion, and rotation

movements at synovial joints

adduction

moving back to the anatomical position

elevation and depression

occur when a structure moves in a superior or inferior direction

extension

occurs in the anterior-posterior plane, but it increases the angle between articulating elements

lateral flexion

occurs when the vertebral column bends to the side

eversion

opposite of inversion, turns the sole outward

circumduction

special type of angular motion. Moving your arm in a loop would be an example.

pronation

turns the wrist and hand from palm facing front to palm facing back

inversion

twisting motion of the foot that turns the sole inward, elevating the medial edge of the sole.

flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, and circumduction

types of angular motion

gliding joints, hinge joints, pivot joints, ellipsoid joints, saddle joints, and ball and socket joints

types of synovial joints