A&P Exam 1

A mucous gland in your mouth secreting spit using vesicles is an example of ______.

exocytosis

The fluid outside of a cell is called __________.

extracellular fluid

ATP has

3 phosphate groups

What type of bond attracts one water molecule to another?

A hydrogen bond

__________ play an important role in cell division.

Centrioles

Which of the following organelles sorts, cuts, splices, and packages newly formed proteins into membrane-bound vesicles?

Golgi apparatus

The function of mitosis is _______.

Growth and cell replacement

When table salt, sodium chloride (NaCl), is placed in water __________.

Ionic bonds between Na+ and Cl- are broken

The space or cavity inside a hollow organ

Lumen

The plasma membrane of cells lining the small intestine has __________, which are specialized for absorption of nutrients.

Microvilli

levels of human structure from the most complex to the simplest?

Organ system, organ, tissue, cell, organelle

The functional tissue of a solid organ

Parenchyma

_________ decompose fatty acids, and detoxify alcohol, free radicals, and drugs.

Peroxisomes

What is the function of mitochondria?

Produces most of the ATP in the cell via cellular respiration

Enzymes belong to which class of molecules?

Proteins

What is the function of the golgi apparatus?

Regulates transport and modifies newly synthesized proteins

Which of the following gives a cell structural support, determines the shape of a cell, and directs the movement of substances through a cell?

The cytoskeleton

Tissue

a group of similar cells and their intercellular materials in a discrete region of an organ performing a specific function.

When put in water, _______ dissociate into anions and H+

acids

An enzyme is substrate-specific because of the shape of its __________.

active site

A process that requires cellular energy to move a substance against its concentration gradient is called _______.

active transport

The most important high energy compound in cells is

adenosine triphosphate (ATP)

If a substance has a pH that is greater than 7, it is ______.

alkaline

Saliva has a normal pH of 6.5. It is _______.

alkaline

Chloride (Cl-) is an example of a(n)

anion

The sternum is __________ to the vertebral column.

anterior

Proteins that are attached to just the inner or outer surface of the cell membrane _______.

are peripheral proteins

The wrist is called the _________ region.

carpal

Chemical reactions in which larger molecules are broken down into smaller ones are called ______

catabolic reactions.

Physiology is the science that studies the

chemistry, biochemistry, and physics of the body's functions

Sodium and glucose are transported together from the intestinal lumen into an intestinal cell. This process is called ____________.

co-transport

The anterior lower leg is called the _________ region.

crural

The clear, gelatinous gel found between the plasma membrane and nucleus is called _____.

cytoplasm

The visceral pericardium is __________ to the parietal pericardium.

deep

The thoracic cavity and the abdominopelvic cavity are separated by the __________.

diaphragm

The rate of cellular chemical reactions is increased by special proteins called

enzymes

The process by which molecules, such as glucose, are moved down their concentration gradient with the help of a membrane-bound carrier protein is called _________.

facilitated diffusion

an alkaline substance has _______.

fewer H ions

Anatomy is the science that studies the

form and composition of the body's structures

The plane that passes vertically through the body or an organ and divides it into anterior and posterior portions is called the __________ plane.

frontal

The functional length of DNA that provides the genetic information necessary to build a protein is a _________.

gene

Sucrose is a disaccharide made up of the monomers __________.

glucose and fructose

The fuzzy coat of carbohydrates on the outer surface of the plasma membrane that functions in cell identification is called the __________.

glycocalyx

A protein that is bound to a carbohydrate is called a _________.

glycoprotein

In osmosis, water moves from

high to low concentration

The aorta is considered a ______ organ.

hollow

The appendix is a ______ organ.

hollow

Negative feedback loops are __________.

homeostatic mechanisms

A substance that is attracted to water molecules is called _______.

hydrophilic

A solution that contains a higher solute concentration than the cytoplasm of a cell is called _______.

hypertonic

The most lateral and superior region of the abdomen is called the _____.

hypochondriac region

Most of the stomach is located in the _________ of the abdominopelvic region.

left upper quadrant (LUQ)

A function of the plasma membrane includes _______.

letting water, certain ions and substrates into the cell

Cholesterol is an example of a

lipid

The formation of gametes (egg and sperm) is via _________.

meoisis

Organelles forming a major part of the cytoskeleton and whose contractions enable cell movement are the __________.

microfilaments

Muscle cells contain numerous __________ to serve their high demand for ATP.

mitochondria

The organelles that are the sites of ATP production are the _______.

mitochondria

Glucose, fructose, and ribose are

monosaccharides

Blood glucose concentration rises after a meal and stimulates the pancreas to release the hormone insulin. Insulin travels in the blood and stimulates the uptake of glucose by body cells from the bloodstream, thus reducing blood glucose concentration. This is an example of _________.

negative feedback

DNA and RNA are examples of large molecules called _______.

nucleic acids

Ribosomes are made in the _______.

nucleolus

An _______________ is composed of two or more tissues types, whereas ____________ are microscopic structures in a cell.

organ; organelles

The diffusion of water is called ______.

osmosis

Proteins that do not protrude into the phospholipid bilayer, but adhere to the surface of the plasma membrane, are called __________.

peripheral proteins

The most abundant molecules in the plasma membrane are __________.

phosopholipids

A molecule composed of two fatty acids and a phosphate group attached to glycerol is a _________.

phospholipid

The plasma membrane is mostly made of molecules that have hydrophilic heads and hydrophobic tails. These molecules are called _________.

phospholipids

A long chain of simple sugars would be a(n)

polysaccharide

What is the function of a ribosome?

protein synthesis

The class of organic compounds that are formed of amino acids is _______.

proteins

Alzheimer's disease is associated with an abnormal build up of proteins in the brain. Which organelle is responsible for removing and recycling damaged or abnormal proteins?

proteosomes

Three common components of a feedback loop are _________, __________, and __________

receptor; integrating (control) center; effector

Membrane proteins that distinguish your cells from anyone else's are _______.

recognition proteins

The appendix is typically found in the ________.

right lower quadrant

The term _____________ refers to a membrane that allows some things to pass through it, but not others.

selectively permeable

Among other functions, hepatocytes (liver cells) are specialized for detoxifying drugs or other chemicals. Hepatocytes have large amounts of __________.

smooth endoplasmic reticulum

The adrenal glands are ______ organs.

solid

The tendency for water molecules to cling together and form films due to hydrogen bonding is called ______.

surface tension

The sodium-potassium (Na+-K+) pump transports both sodium and potassium __________ their concentration gradients in a process called ____________.

up; active transport

The surface of the heart is covered by a membrane called the __________.

visceral pericardium

The ______ wraps around the stomach, small intestine, and large intestine.

visceral peritoneum

The outer surface of the lungs is covered by the __________.

visceral pleura

The most abundant inorganic compound in the body is ______.

water