Exam 2 - My Versions
Which of the following is correct about data aggregation using Tableau and Excel?
Excel Pivot table tool can help create data aggregation
Principle of proximity
People intuitively group the objects by row in the left-hand side table, and by column in the right-hand side table
Iconic
Preattentive processing less than a second automatic and unconscious Used in design to highlight objects
People intuitively group objects by their physical distance. This is called ______________ in the Gestalt principles.
Principle of proximity
T/F Light is required for a visual stimulus to occur
True
What is correct about the chart with blue and yellow bars
Use hue to encode categorical variables
Quan to C relationships
W/ 1 set of quantitative values and 1 set categorical W/ 1 set of quantitative values and intersection of multiple categories W/ 1 set of quantitative values and intersection of hierarchical categories
Principle of connection
We see objects that are connected as part of the same group Useful for graphs Brings the shape of the data which couldnt be discerned without them
Principle of similarity
all of the x's that are in columns one column is gray and the next is black but they are all the same x's
The box plot is good for
showing distributions
Toward the left-hand side of the accompanying image is __________ saturation.
stronger
The Tableau software can easily generate map chart when _____________.
the data set contains geographical variables such as state name, zip code, or longitude/latitude values.
To use Tableau to analyze data, the raw data must be in the _________ form.
unidirectional
Limitations to distinct perceptions
# of expressions of a single attribute that can bee seen on a graph We cant see more than 8 hues 4 diff orientations and 4 diff sizes
The process of seeing is done by eyes quickly jumping and fixating. It takes about ________ to jump to the next point of fixation.
1/4 second
As the figure shows, quantitative values can be coded using points marking the locations on a panel. Each point represents _________ quantitative value(s) in this case.
2
When you transform this table into the format that Tableau can handle, how many variables have you changed direction for?
2
How many categorical variables and quantitative variables in this table?
2 C and 1 Q
About ________ of the sense receptors in our bodies are dedicated to vision.
70%
Which is following is correct about table A and B
A is a bidirectional table
Quan to Quan
Among one set of Quantitative values associated with multiple categorical items Among distinct sets of quantitative values associated with a single categorical item
When the amount of light is high (bright light), the pupil of the eye __________________ to allow the appropriate amount of light to enter the eyes to provide a discernible image.
Becomes smaller
_______ is a common choice for displaying distributions over time.
Box plot
Working memory
Brains deem what is useful here Temporary and limited storage capacity W/o rehearsal it vanishes A few seconds to hours
Three types of memory
Buffer: Iconoic Working Permanent: Long term memory
What is a bidirectional table?
Categorical items are laid out in both directions row and column
Unidirectional
Columns or rows not both Can have more than one C set Can have mutliple sets
Which of the following a deviation relationship?
Comparing actual sales with forecast sales
Bidirectional
Crosstab pivot table they show the same things as uni but use less space
Why do many people tend to perceive that the segment on top is longer than the one on the bottom
For the top one, the way that the tails laid out at both ends psychologically suggest a "stretching" out power. Thus readers tend to be very optimistic in estimating its length. In contrast, the one on bottom result in a very conservative estimation of its length.
Attributes of pre attentive processing
Form (length, width, orientation, shape, size, enclosure) Color (hue intensity) Spatial position (2-D position)
Principle of Similarity
Group together objects that are similar in color size shape or orientation
A well-known chart to show distribution of a quantitative variable is _____________ .
Histogram
Color is made up of
Hue Saturation Lightness All called HSL
The ___________ memory processes visual information extremely fast and without your attention.
Iconic
Perpetual effects of context
Our visual senses are not designed to perceive absolute values but DIFFERENCES in values Optical illusions
Fill pattern is not recommended to visualize categorical data because_____.
It causes visual uncomfortableness to many people
Our perception of space
It is 2 dimensional the 3rd dimension is depth
One important feature of working memory is ________________.
It is temporary
The ___________ memory holds our knowledge and ability to recognize images and detect meaningful patterns from a visual presentation.
Long-term
Randomly pick a grade from a section, and calculate the difference of the grade from its section mean value. The biggest difference would most possibly come from the _________ section.
Monday
W/ 1 set of quantitative values and intersection of multiple categories
Mutli dimensional view
Tables are used to display 1 of 5 relationships which can be divided into 2 types
Quan to C Quan to Quan
Preattentive visual processing is ______________.
Rapid and subconscious
_____ is good for identifying correlations between 2 quantitative variables.
Scatter plot
_____________________________ is a physical process that occurs when a physical stimulus is detected by the eyes.
Sensation
W/ 1 set of quantitative values and 1 set categorical
Simplest and most common
What is correct about the box and whiskers plot
The highest score is in the Wed section
When __________, dot plot is a better choice than line chart in showing time series data.
There are good amount of missing data between 2 time points
W/ 1 set of quantitative values and intersection of hierarchical categories
Years and quarters and months Product lines and product families
Nominal comparison can better visualized with _________.
bar chart
Scatter plot line is called
best fit line trend line linear regression line
Limits to preattentive processing
cannot handle more than 1 visual attribute of an object at a time IE like no using 2 shapes with 3 color intensities
Principle of Enclosure
o Objects belong together when they are enclosed in a way that appears to create a boundary around them o Use of borders and fill colors o Strong enclosure isn't needed always
Principle of continuity
o We perceive objects as belonging together as part of a single whole o We want to see the shapes as continuous to the greatest degree possible
