A&P Final
Which statement regarding growth hormone (GH) is true?
GH stimulates the breakdown of stored fats and the release of fatty acids into the blood.
Baroreceptors
Important in the regulation of Autonomic activities
Match the following: A) Erythropoietin B) Histomine C) Spectrin D) Interleukins and CSFs E) Heparin 1 A molecule found in mast cells that causes capillary cells to dilate 2 A fibrous protein that gives shape to an RBC plasma membrane. 3 Hormone that stimulates production of RBCs. 4 Stimulates WBC production. 5 Natural anticoagulant found in basophils.
1 B 2 C 3 A 4 D 5 E
Match the following: A) Albumin B) Alpha and beta globulins C) Fibrinogen D) Gamma globulins 1) Main contributor to osmotic pressure. 2) Antibodies released by plasma cells during immune response. 3) Forms fibrin thread of blood clot. 4) Transport proteins that bind to lipids, metal ions, and fat-soluble vitamins.
1) A 2) D 3) C 4) B
Match the following actions 1-8, with the appropriate hormone A-H: A) thyroid-stimulating hormone B) growth hormone C) antidiuretic hormone D) parathyroid hormone E) oxytocin F) follicle-stimulating hormone G) glucocorticoids H) insulin 1) Stimulates contraction of the uterus and milk ejection (the let-down reflex) 2) Raises blood calcium levels 3) Promotes normal cell metabolism and helps the body resist long-term stressors 4) Stimulates the thyroid gland to produce thyroxine 5) Promotes reabsorption of only water by the kidneys 6) Lowers blood glucose levels 7) Promotes the growth of skeletal muscles and long bones 8) Stimulates development of follicles in female ovaries and sperm development in male testes
1) E 2) D 3) G 4) A 5) C 6) H 7) B 8) F
Match the following hormones with the endocrine gland or structure that produces it: A) thyroid gland B) adrenal medulla C) hypothalamus D) parathyroid glands E) pancreas F) adrenal cortex G) thymus gland H) anterior pituitary 1) Growth hormone 2) Prolactin 3) Adrenocorticotropic hormone 4) Thyroid-stimulating hormone 5) Luteinizing hormone 6) Oxytocin 7) Antidiuretic hormone 8) Follicle-stimulating hormone 9) Thyroxine 10) Calcitonin 11) Parathyroid hormone (PTH) 12) Aldosterone 13) Cortisone 14) Epinephrine 15) Glucocorticoids 16) Insulin 17) Glucagon 18) Releasing and inhibiting hormones 19) Thymosin 20) Norepinephrine
1) H 2) H 3) H 4) H 5) H 6) C 7) C 8) H 9) A 10) A 11) D 12) F 13) F 14) B 15) F 16) E 17) E 18) C 19) G 20) B
Math the terms below to their correct statements. A) Albumin B) Fibrinogen 1 The major contributor to plasma osmotic pressure. 2 Thrombin catalyzes the activation of these molecules present in plasma. 3 Forms the structural framework of a blood clot. 4 Makes up most of plasma protein.
1. A 2. B 3. B 4. A
Place the following in correct developmental sequence: 1. reticulocyte 2. proerythroblast 3. normoblast 4. late erythroblast
2,4,3,1
Identify the correct sequence of steps in the generation of an action potential. Activation of sodium channels and rapid depolarization Inactivation of sodium channels and activation of potassium channels Depolarization to threshold Closing of potassium channels
3,1,2,4
Put the steps of the Olfactory Pathways in the correct order. Olfactory tracts extend back to the olfactory cortex of the cerebrum, the hypothalamus, and the limbic system Bundled and pass through the cribriform plate of the ethmoid bone and into olfactory bulb Axons projecting from the olfactory epithelium Olfaction is the only sense that is NOT routed through the thalamus
3,2,1,4
Which of the following concerning olfaction is true?
Olfactory receptors are highly modified neurons.
Which of the following is not one of the key hormones required for growth?
ANP
Which of the following is not a locations and functions of a chemoreceptors?
Found in the lungs, digestive: colon and urinary tracts and bladder wall stimulated by cranial nerve XI
Which of the following is not a Function of the Cardiovascular Organ System:
Regulates blood ion concentrations and pH
Which statement is correct regarding the heart wall?
The epicardium is a serous membrane that consists of an exposed epithelium and an underlying layer of areolar tissue.
Which of the following is true about gustatory receptors?
The receptors generate an action potential in response to chemical stimuli.
Which of the following statements regarding the red blood cell's shape is incorrect.
The red blood cell's shape enables the cells to stay rigid and inflexible
Odorants are chemicals in the air that bind to the proteins and respond to over 1000 unique smells
True
Dietary requirements for erythropoiesis include all but which of the following?
Vitamin A for hemoglobin sysnthesis
Which of the following pairs of cranial nerves is not properly matched to its correct number?
XI=Vestibulocochlear nerve
A rise in glucocorticoid levels causes which of the following?
a decline in the production of both ACTH and CRH
Match the following: A) Otoliths B) Vestibule C) Pharyngotympanic tube D) Tympanic membrane 1.Ear stones. 2. Connects the middle ear with the nasopharynx. 3. Separates external acoustic meatus from the middle ear. 4. Contains utricle and saccule. 5. Detects linear acceleration.
a,c,d,b,b
Changing the shape of the lens to keep the focal length constant is a process called
accommodation
When antibodies bind to antigens on foreign blood types, clumping or ________ occurs.
agglutination
Increased sodium ion concentrations in the body can be caused by which adrenal hormone?
aldosterone
Which of the following is not a role (function) of blood?
all of the above are correct
The all-or-none principle states that
all stimuli great enough to bring the membrane to threshold will produce identical action potentials.
The sensory receptors of the semicircular canals are located in the
ampullae
Substances that the body recognizes as foreign are called ________.
antigens
The right and left coronary arteries originate at the ________.
aortic sinuses
In the process of hemoglobin recycling, each heme molecule is stripped of its iron and converted to which pigmented organic compound?
biliverdin
The second-messenger mechanism of hormone action operates by ________.
binding to specific receptors and employing the services of G proteins and cAMP
Which of the following is first struck by photons and connect photoreceptors to ganglion cell?
bipolar cell
Loss of lens transparency is referred to as
cataract
Mineralocorticoid is to aldosterone as glucocorticoid is to ________.
cortisol
The skeleton of the heart consists of
dense bands of tough, elastic connective tissue that encircle the heart valves and the bases of the aorta and pulmonary trunk
Which of the following is not a characteristic of nociceptors?
end to have small receptive fields
Which of the following is NOT a category of endocrine gland stimulus?
enzyme
The visceral layer of the serous pericardium is actually the same layer as the ________.
epicardium
The "fight-or-flight" response triggers the release of ________.
epinephrine
Regarding the visual pathway, what cell type has axons from the entire population of which cells converge on the optic disc and proceed as the optic nerve?
ganglion cells
When blood glucose levels fall,
glucagon is released
Which general characteristics of Blood is incorrect?
has a slightly basic pH (6.0-7.0)
One of the least complicated of the endocrine control systems directly responds to changing blood levels of ions and nutrients. Which of the following describes this mechanism?
humoral stimulation
A stimulus that opens gated potassium ion channels, taking the membrane potential away from 0 mV, results in which of the following?
hyperpolarization
Several hormones are synthesized in the hypothalamus and transported to the anterior pituitary gland. The mechanism of transportation from hypothalamus to anterior pituitary gland is through the ________.
hypophyseal portal system
What are the hormones secreted by the posterior pituitary made?
hypothalamus
Where are the hormones secreted by the posterior pituitary made?
hypothalamus
When can erythroblastosis fetalis not possibly happen in the child of an Rh negative mother?
if the father is Rh-
The hormone secreted by the pancreatic alpha cells would result in ________.
increased synthesis and release of glucose by the liver
The chief cells of the parathyroid glands produce a hormone that
increases the level of calcium ions in body fluids.
Which of the following hormones is/are produced by both the testes and the ovaries?
inhibin
The abducens nerve innervates which extrinsic eye muscle?
lateral rectus
The receptor for static equilibrium is the ________.
macula
The hypothalamus transports hormones to the posterior pituitary by way of
neural axons, directly
As sound levels increase in the spiral organ (of Corti), ________.
outer hair cells stiffen the basilar membrane
Regarding pancreatic hormones which statement is correct?
parasympathetic stimulation enhances insulin release, and sympathetic stimulation inhibits it.
The hormone that causes the activation of osteoclasts is
parathyroid hormone
The movement of the stapes at the oval window establishes pressure waves in the
perilymph of the scala vestibuli
The fact that epinephrine has no apparent effect on energy consumption unless thyroid hormones are present in normal concentrations is an example of a(n)
permissive effect
The fact that epinephrine has no apparent effect on energy consumption unless thyroid hormones are present in normal concentrations is an example of which hormonal interaction?
permissive effect.
Which of the following is not a cardinal sign of diabetes mellitus?
polycythemia
The chief difference between plasma and serum involves the
presence/absence of clotting proteins
Rising blood levels of aldosterone cause the kidney tubules to ________.
reabsorb sodium
The frequency of a sound is indicated to the nervous system by the
region of the basilar membrane of the spiral organ that is stimulated.
The endocrine system
relies on the release of chemicals that bind to target cells.
When viewing an object in close distance, the lens should be more
rounded
Mineralocorticoids regulate the concentration of ________ and ________ ions in our blood.
sodium; potassium
Which of the following hormones enter a cell by diffusion?
steroid hormones
Movement of the sensory receptors in the ampullae of the semicircular canals
stimulates the receptor cells, alerting us to rotational movement.
Each gustatory cell extends a ________ into the surrounding fluids through a narrow taste pore.
taste hair
The structure that overlies the spiral organ, and which is firmly attached to the walls of the cochlear duct, is the
tectorial membrane.
In the visual pathway, each cerebral hemisphere receives visual information from
the lateral half of the retina on the same side, and from the medial half of the retina on the opposite side.
Which of the following is not one the four characteristic vibrations of sound that determine the stimulus?
the number of hair cells on the basilar membrane
The ability of a specific tissue or organ to respond to the presence of a hormone is dependent on ________.
the presence of the appropriate receptors on the cells of the target tissue or organ
The branch of the cranial nerve that is responsible for monitoring changes in equilibrium is the ________ branch.
vestibular
Which ion channel opens in response to a change in membrane potential and participates in the generation and conduction of action potentials?
voltage-gated channel
James has a hemoglobin measurement of 16 g/100 ml blood. This is ________.
within the normal range
