A&P II Lab #10 Hearing and Equilibrium

the cochlea contains sensory receptors for hearing. the cochlear membranous labyrinth, the cochlear duct is a soft wormlike tube about ___ cm long.

3.8

the ____ test is used for comparing bone and air conduction hearing.

Rinne

where do the hair cells rest? what does this forms?

basilar membrane the floor of the cochlear duct

external and middle ear serve the needs of hearing only whereas internal ear structures function both in ____ and hearing reception

equilibrium

where do the hairs (stereocilia) project into?

gelatinous membrane, the tectorial membrane that overlies them

what do the maculae respond to? where are they located?

gravitational pull on the walls of the saccule and utricle

maculae in the vestibule contain the ___ ___, receptors that are essential to the mechanism of static equilibrium.

hair cells

common names: malleus incus stapes

hammer anvil stirrup

otitis media

inflammation of the middle ear

The equilibrium apparatus of the ear, the vestibular apparatus, is found in the _____

inner ear

Nystagmus is

involuntary trailing of eyes in one direction, then rapid movement in the other

the portion of the pinna lying inferior to the external auditory canal is the _____

lobule

The (crista ampullaris/macula) located in the (semicircular duct/vestibule) is essential for detecting static equilibrium.

macula vestibule

conductive hearing loss

no transmission through either external or middle ear

the eardrum doesn't vibrate properly unless the pressure....

on both of its surfaces is the same

the internal ear consists of a system of bony and rather tortous chambers called the ____, or bony ____, which is filled with an aqueous fluid called ____.

osseous labyrinth perilymph

the cavity is spanned by three small bones, collectively called the auditory ____ and inlclude the ____, ____, and stapes.

ossicles malleus, incus

the hair cells in each macula are embedded in the ____ membrane a gelatinous material containing small grains of calcium carbonate (____).

otolithic otoliths- move in response to variations in gravitational pull

Today you will use an (ophthalmoscope/otoscope) to examine the ear

otoscope

these three small bones articulate to form a lever system that amplifies and transmits the vibratory motion of the eardurm to the fluids of the inner via the ____ ____

oval window

the scala tympani is bounded by a membranous area called the

round window

the endolymph filled chamber of the cochlear duct is the

scala media

presbycusis

sensorineural deafness. gradual deterioration and atrophy of the spiral organ of Corti and leads to a loss in the ability to hear high tones and speech sounds

the cochlear duct, filled with endolymph, supports the ____ ____ (of Corti) which contains the receptors for hearing- the sensory hair cells and nerve endings of the cochlear nerve a division of the _____ nerve (VIII)

spiral organ vestibulocochlear

three small bones bound within the middle ear are the malleus, incus, and _____

stapes

external acoustic meatus= external auditory canal is a short, narrow (2.5cm long by 0.6cm wide) chamber carved into the ____ bone. -What are in its skin lined walls?

temporal. -wax secreting glands called ceruminous glands

tympanic membrane=eardrum -sounds waves that enter the external auditory meatus eventually encounters this, which vibrates at exactly the same frequency as the sound waves hitting it. -what separtes the external and middle ear?

the membranous eardrum

The ear is divided into (three/four) major areas.

three

the middle ear is essentially a small chamber- the ____ ____ found within the temporal bone.

tympanic cavity

Sound waves that enter the external acoustic meatus eventually encounter the (tympanic membrane/oval window) which then vibrates at the same frequency as the sound waves witting it.

tympanic membrane (eardrum)

the vestibule contains the saclike ____ and ____ and the semicircular chambers contain membranous _____ ___.

utricle saccule semicircular ducts

the roof of the cochelar duct is called the

vastibular membrane

the equilibrium apparatus of the inner ear is called _______, and is in the vestuble and semicircular canals of the_____ ____.

vestibular apparatus bony labyrinth

which of the above three are involved with equilibrium?

vestibule and semicircular canals

Exercise 25 pre lab quiz

...

the auricle or prinna, the the skin covered cartilaginous structure encircling the auditory canal opening

...

the response of these dynamic equilibrium receptors is a reaction to changes in angular motion rather than to motion itself.

...

twirling head, the endolymph in the canal lags behind pushing the cupula.

...

the semicircular canals are centrally involved in the mechanism of dynamic equilibrium. -What's their circumference and in what three planes are they oriented?

1.2 cm horizontal, frontal, sagittal

what is the enlarged region at the base of each semicircular duct is called? -what does it communicate with?

ampulla -the utricle of the vestibule

connecting the middle ear chamber with the nasopharynx is the pharyngotympanic or the ____ ____. Normally this tube is flattened and closed, but swallowing or ____ can cuase it to open temporarily to equalize the pressure of the middle ear cavity with external air pressure.

auditory tube yawning

the external ear is composed primarily of the ____ and the external acoustic meatus.

auricle

The outer ear is composed primarily of the _____ and the ___ ___ ____.

auricle external acoustic meatus

The snail like ___ found, in the inner ear, contains sensory receptors for hearing.

cochlea

what are the three subdivisions of the bony labyrinth

cochlea, the vestibule, and the semicircular canals

suspended in the perilymph is the membranous labyrinth, a system that mostly follows the contours of the osseous labyrinth. The membranous labyrinth is filled with a more viscous fluid called ____.

endolymph

within each ampulla is a region called a ____ ___ which consists of a tuft of hair cells covered with a gelatinous cap, or ____.

crista ampullaris cupula

central hearing loss

damage to neural pathway between ear and cerebral cortex or damage to cortex itself

sensorineural hearing loss

damage to structure of inner ear (cochlea)