A&P II Module 1 Exam - Endocrine System

A deficiency of which hormone can lead to diabetes insipidus?

14

Identify the hormone labeled "1."

ACTH

The pituitary hormone that controls the release of glucocorticoids from the adrenal cortex is

ACTH

A rise in cortisol would cause an increase in each of the following except

ACTH levels

After brain surgery, a patient receiving postoperative care in an intensive care unit began to pass large volumes of very dilute urine. The ICU nurse administered a medicine that mimics one of the following hormones. Which one?

ADH

Vasopressin is a common term for this hormone

ADH

All of the following are true of oxytocin except?

It is stored in the anterior pituitary

The hormone produced by the pars intermedia of the adenohypophysis during early childhood is

MSH

The pituitary hormone that triggers the release of thyroid hormone from the thyroid gland is

TSH

Which of the following is not true regarding target cells?

They are associated with synapses

The effects of this hormone oppose aldosterone.

atrial natriuretic peptide

The heart secretes the hormone

atrial natriuretic peptide

Steroid hormones

bind to receptors in the nucleus of their target cells

The humoral control of hormone release may be triggered which of the following factors?

blood level of an ion like calcium

If a patient is administered a powerful glucocorticoid (such as prednisone) to suppress the immune system, what unintended effects might this have on blood chemistry?

both an increase in insulin and an increase in glucose

Increased activity of phosphodiesterase in a target cell would decrease its level of

cAMP

The C cells of the thyroid gland produce

calcitonin

Increased levels of the hormone ________ will lead to decreased levels of calcium ion in the blood via inhibition of ________.

calcitonin; osteoclasts

Which hormone is not produced by the pancreas?

calcitriol

Calcium ions serve as messengers, often in combination with the intracellular protein

calmodulin

Cells in the brain

can absorb glucose without insulin stimulation

A hormone that is synergistic to growth hormone is

cortisol

Which of the following hormones increases and prolongs effects of the sympathetic nervous system?

cortisol

Which of the following substances activates protein kinases and thus acts as a second messenger?

cyclic AMP

All of the following are known effects of thyroid hormone on peripheral tissues except

decreased cellular metabolism

The control of calcitonin excretion is an example of direct ________ regulation.

endocrine

The hormone that dominates during the alarm phase of the general adaptation syndrome (GAS) is

epinephrine

The adrenal medulla produces the hormones

epinephrine and norepinephrine

Which of the following hormones increases production of red blood cells?

erythropoietin

Hypophyseal portal system capillaries are

fenestrated

After a steroid hormone binds to its receptor to form an active complex,

gene transcription is initiated

If a diabetic patient received too much insulin, the low blood sugar could be corrected by injecting

glucagon

Alpha cells are to ________ as beta cells are to ________.

glucagon; insulin

Which group of hormones cause an anti-inflammatory action?

glucocorticoids

The pituitary hormone that stimulates cell growth and replication by accelerating protein synthesis is

growth hormone

If dietary iodine levels are deficient you would expect that plasma TSH levels would be ________ and that plasma thyroxine levels would be ________.

high; low

In persons with untreated diabetes mellitus all of the following are true, except

intracellular and tissue levels of glucose is very high

Which of the following elements is necessary for the production of thyroid hormone?

iodine

Poorly managed diabetes can adversely affect which organ(s)?

kidneys, eyes, nerves, heart and blood vessels

Adipocytes produce a peptide hormone called ________ that acts on the hypothalamus.

leptin

Destruction of the supra-optic nucleus of the hypothalamus would have which of the following results?

loss of ADH secretion

Which of the following might occur in an overdose of insulin?

low blood glucose

The zona glomerulosa of the adrenal cortex produces

mineralocorticoids

During the alarm phase of the general adaptation syndrome (GAS), there is

mobilization of energy reserves

A tumor present on the parathyroid gland causing hyperparathyroidism may lead to

osteoporosis and kidney stones

Each of the following hormones is produced by the pars distalis of the adenohypophysis except

oxytocin

Identify the hormone labeled "13."

oxytocin

The hormone(s) that may be slowly administered by intravenous drip to accelerate labor and delivery is/are

oxytocin

Before the discovery of these glands, thyroid surgery often led to a rapid drop in blood calcium levels, which triggered muscle contractions and cardiac arrhythmias. What glands are these and which hormone is lacking?

parathyroid glands; parathyroid hormone

Melatonin is produced by the

pineal gland

The term used to describe excess production of urine is

polyuria

A structure known as the corpus luteum secretes

progesterone

The pituitary hormone that stimulates milk production by the mammary glands is

prolactin

Milk production is stimulated by ________, milk ejection is stimulated by ________.

prolactin; oxytocin

Growth hormone does all of the following except

promote cortisol release

Hormones that produce different but complementary results are called

integrative

Which of the following is not a characteristic of the second-messenger mechanism of hormone action?

Cellular operations are altered by direct stimulation of a gene

________ are chemical messengers that are released by cells and transported in the bloodstream to alter the activities of specific cells in other tissues.

Hormones

The link between a first messenger and a second messenger in a cell that responds to peptide hormones is usually

a G protein

Hormones can be divided into different groups based on their chemistry. These categories include all of the following except

acetylcholine derivatives

A hormone that helps to regulate the sodium ion content of the body is

aldosterone

During dehydration the body would increase production of

aldosterone and ADH

A hormone might

alter a membrane channel by changing its shape, thereby affecting what can go through it

Upon binding of a single first messenger to a plasma membrane, thousands of second messengers may become activated. This effect is known as

amplification

Increased aggressive and assertive behavior is associated with an increase in which of the following hormones?

androgens

Which is not a component of the RAAS and does not contribute to blood volume and electrolyte homeostasis?

androgens

Two hormones that have opposing effects are called

antagonists

All of the following are true of steroid hormones except that they

are produced by the adrenal medulla

A tumor in the pituitary gland could directly result in all of the following except

hypercortisolism

Abnormally low production of LH and FSH results in

hypogonadism

The most complex endocrine responses involve the

hypothalamus

Mental and physical sluggishness and low body temperature may be signs of

hypothyroidism

Where does the chemical reaction between thyroglobulin and iodine take place?

in the follicle cavity

The main action of antidiuretic hormone is

increased water conservation by kidneys

The parathyroid glands produce a hormone that

increases the level of calcium ions in the blood

The hormone that opposes the release of FSH in both males and females is

inhibin

Which of the following is not an action of TSH?

inhibits T3 and T4 secretion

The beta cells of the pancreatic islets produce

insulin

Which of the following hormones stimulates skeletal muscle fibers to take in glucose from the blood?

insulin

Which of the following hormones is/are water soluble and therefore bind(s) to extracellular receptors?

insulin and epinephrine

Endocrine cells

release their secretions directly into body fluids such as blood

The pituitary gland is located within this structure.

sella turcica of the sphenoid bone

Liver cells respond to growth hormone by releasing hormones called

somatomedins

The delta cells of the pancreatic islets produce

somatostatin

All of the following are functions of LH except

stimulating follicle development

Cells that respond to a hormone are called ________ cells.

target

Each of the following hormones is an amino acid derivative except

testosterone

The interstitial endocrine cells of the testes produce

testosterone

Which hormone is not correctly matched?

testosterone: amino acid derivative

Hormonal actions on cells affect all of the following except

thickness of the plasma membrane

You have just become the nurse manager of a nursing home and you are reminding yourself about what problems your nursing home population might have by studying your old pathophysiology books from nursing school. Many of the residents are tired and have problems with blood glucose levels. All of the following hormones might be related except

thymosin

Follicle cells synthesize a protein called

thyroglobulin

Thyroxine and calcitonin are secreted by the

thyroid gland

Identify the hormone labeled "4."

thyroid-stimulating hormone

The absence of which hormone during development will cause the nervous system to develop abnormally and cause developmental delays?

thyroxine

The hormone that plays a pivotal role in setting the metabolic rate and thus impacting body temperature is

thyroxine

Why might someone want to take erythropoietin in a non-medical situation?

to increase oxygen-carrying capacity and increase stamina

Hormones that stimulate endocrine glands to release other hormones are

tropic

The anterior lobe of the pituitary gland can be divided into three parts: the pars distalis, the pars intermedia, and the pars

tuberalis

Thyroid hormones are structural derivatives of the amino acid

tyrosine