A&P II Module 1 Exam - Endocrine System
A deficiency of which hormone can lead to diabetes insipidus?
14
Identify the hormone labeled "1."
ACTH
The pituitary hormone that controls the release of glucocorticoids from the adrenal cortex is
ACTH
A rise in cortisol would cause an increase in each of the following except
ACTH levels
After brain surgery, a patient receiving postoperative care in an intensive care unit began to pass large volumes of very dilute urine. The ICU nurse administered a medicine that mimics one of the following hormones. Which one?
ADH
Vasopressin is a common term for this hormone
ADH
All of the following are true of oxytocin except?
It is stored in the anterior pituitary
The hormone produced by the pars intermedia of the adenohypophysis during early childhood is
MSH
The pituitary hormone that triggers the release of thyroid hormone from the thyroid gland is
TSH
Which of the following is not true regarding target cells?
They are associated with synapses
The effects of this hormone oppose aldosterone.
atrial natriuretic peptide
The heart secretes the hormone
atrial natriuretic peptide
Steroid hormones
bind to receptors in the nucleus of their target cells
The humoral control of hormone release may be triggered which of the following factors?
blood level of an ion like calcium
If a patient is administered a powerful glucocorticoid (such as prednisone) to suppress the immune system, what unintended effects might this have on blood chemistry?
both an increase in insulin and an increase in glucose
Increased activity of phosphodiesterase in a target cell would decrease its level of
cAMP
The C cells of the thyroid gland produce
calcitonin
Increased levels of the hormone ________ will lead to decreased levels of calcium ion in the blood via inhibition of ________.
calcitonin; osteoclasts
Which hormone is not produced by the pancreas?
calcitriol
Calcium ions serve as messengers, often in combination with the intracellular protein
calmodulin
Cells in the brain
can absorb glucose without insulin stimulation
A hormone that is synergistic to growth hormone is
cortisol
Which of the following hormones increases and prolongs effects of the sympathetic nervous system?
cortisol
Which of the following substances activates protein kinases and thus acts as a second messenger?
cyclic AMP
All of the following are known effects of thyroid hormone on peripheral tissues except
decreased cellular metabolism
The control of calcitonin excretion is an example of direct ________ regulation.
endocrine
The hormone that dominates during the alarm phase of the general adaptation syndrome (GAS) is
epinephrine
The adrenal medulla produces the hormones
epinephrine and norepinephrine
Which of the following hormones increases production of red blood cells?
erythropoietin
Hypophyseal portal system capillaries are
fenestrated
After a steroid hormone binds to its receptor to form an active complex,
gene transcription is initiated
If a diabetic patient received too much insulin, the low blood sugar could be corrected by injecting
glucagon
Alpha cells are to ________ as beta cells are to ________.
glucagon; insulin
Which group of hormones cause an anti-inflammatory action?
glucocorticoids
The pituitary hormone that stimulates cell growth and replication by accelerating protein synthesis is
growth hormone
If dietary iodine levels are deficient you would expect that plasma TSH levels would be ________ and that plasma thyroxine levels would be ________.
high; low
In persons with untreated diabetes mellitus all of the following are true, except
intracellular and tissue levels of glucose is very high
Which of the following elements is necessary for the production of thyroid hormone?
iodine
Poorly managed diabetes can adversely affect which organ(s)?
kidneys, eyes, nerves, heart and blood vessels
Adipocytes produce a peptide hormone called ________ that acts on the hypothalamus.
leptin
Destruction of the supra-optic nucleus of the hypothalamus would have which of the following results?
loss of ADH secretion
Which of the following might occur in an overdose of insulin?
low blood glucose
The zona glomerulosa of the adrenal cortex produces
mineralocorticoids
During the alarm phase of the general adaptation syndrome (GAS), there is
mobilization of energy reserves
A tumor present on the parathyroid gland causing hyperparathyroidism may lead to
osteoporosis and kidney stones
Each of the following hormones is produced by the pars distalis of the adenohypophysis except
oxytocin
Identify the hormone labeled "13."
oxytocin
The hormone(s) that may be slowly administered by intravenous drip to accelerate labor and delivery is/are
oxytocin
Before the discovery of these glands, thyroid surgery often led to a rapid drop in blood calcium levels, which triggered muscle contractions and cardiac arrhythmias. What glands are these and which hormone is lacking?
parathyroid glands; parathyroid hormone
Melatonin is produced by the
pineal gland
The term used to describe excess production of urine is
polyuria
A structure known as the corpus luteum secretes
progesterone
The pituitary hormone that stimulates milk production by the mammary glands is
prolactin
Milk production is stimulated by ________, milk ejection is stimulated by ________.
prolactin; oxytocin
Growth hormone does all of the following except
promote cortisol release
Hormones that produce different but complementary results are called
integrative
Which of the following is not a characteristic of the second-messenger mechanism of hormone action?
Cellular operations are altered by direct stimulation of a gene
________ are chemical messengers that are released by cells and transported in the bloodstream to alter the activities of specific cells in other tissues.
Hormones
The link between a first messenger and a second messenger in a cell that responds to peptide hormones is usually
a G protein
Hormones can be divided into different groups based on their chemistry. These categories include all of the following except
acetylcholine derivatives
A hormone that helps to regulate the sodium ion content of the body is
aldosterone
During dehydration the body would increase production of
aldosterone and ADH
A hormone might
alter a membrane channel by changing its shape, thereby affecting what can go through it
Upon binding of a single first messenger to a plasma membrane, thousands of second messengers may become activated. This effect is known as
amplification
Increased aggressive and assertive behavior is associated with an increase in which of the following hormones?
androgens
Which is not a component of the RAAS and does not contribute to blood volume and electrolyte homeostasis?
androgens
Two hormones that have opposing effects are called
antagonists
All of the following are true of steroid hormones except that they
are produced by the adrenal medulla
A tumor in the pituitary gland could directly result in all of the following except
hypercortisolism
Abnormally low production of LH and FSH results in
hypogonadism
The most complex endocrine responses involve the
hypothalamus
Mental and physical sluggishness and low body temperature may be signs of
hypothyroidism
Where does the chemical reaction between thyroglobulin and iodine take place?
in the follicle cavity
The main action of antidiuretic hormone is
increased water conservation by kidneys
The parathyroid glands produce a hormone that
increases the level of calcium ions in the blood
The hormone that opposes the release of FSH in both males and females is
inhibin
Which of the following is not an action of TSH?
inhibits T3 and T4 secretion
The beta cells of the pancreatic islets produce
insulin
Which of the following hormones stimulates skeletal muscle fibers to take in glucose from the blood?
insulin
Which of the following hormones is/are water soluble and therefore bind(s) to extracellular receptors?
insulin and epinephrine
Endocrine cells
release their secretions directly into body fluids such as blood
The pituitary gland is located within this structure.
sella turcica of the sphenoid bone
Liver cells respond to growth hormone by releasing hormones called
somatomedins
The delta cells of the pancreatic islets produce
somatostatin
All of the following are functions of LH except
stimulating follicle development
Cells that respond to a hormone are called ________ cells.
target
Each of the following hormones is an amino acid derivative except
testosterone
The interstitial endocrine cells of the testes produce
testosterone
Which hormone is not correctly matched?
testosterone: amino acid derivative
Hormonal actions on cells affect all of the following except
thickness of the plasma membrane
You have just become the nurse manager of a nursing home and you are reminding yourself about what problems your nursing home population might have by studying your old pathophysiology books from nursing school. Many of the residents are tired and have problems with blood glucose levels. All of the following hormones might be related except
thymosin
Follicle cells synthesize a protein called
thyroglobulin
Thyroxine and calcitonin are secreted by the
thyroid gland
Identify the hormone labeled "4."
thyroid-stimulating hormone
The absence of which hormone during development will cause the nervous system to develop abnormally and cause developmental delays?
thyroxine
The hormone that plays a pivotal role in setting the metabolic rate and thus impacting body temperature is
thyroxine
Why might someone want to take erythropoietin in a non-medical situation?
to increase oxygen-carrying capacity and increase stamina
Hormones that stimulate endocrine glands to release other hormones are
tropic
The anterior lobe of the pituitary gland can be divided into three parts: the pars distalis, the pars intermedia, and the pars
tuberalis
Thyroid hormones are structural derivatives of the amino acid
tyrosine